Poster Session III (4:00 pm - 6:00 pm)

POSTER · Q1

Presentations

  • Onset of dissipation of BEC in shaking 2D Anti-dot optical lattices

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Toshiya Kinoshita

      Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Detecting and manipulating the rotational states of trapped polyatomic molecules

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Alexander Prehn

      Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Progress towards the laser cooling of the magnesium fluoride molecular beam

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Yong Xia

      State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Toward Triplet Ground State LiNa Molecules

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Alan Jamison

      Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. 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Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Formation of ultracold polar ground state molecules via an optical process

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Olivier Dulieu

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Universit\'e Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Dimitri Borsalino

      Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Andrea Orban

      Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Romain Vexiau

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Beatriz Londono-Florez

      Departamento de Fisica, Universitad del Valle, Cali, Colombia

    • Anne Crubellier

      Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Eliane Luc

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Nadia Bouloufa-Maafa

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

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  • Prospect for the formation of a gas of ultracold polar NaRb molecules

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Goulven Qu\'em\'ener

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton

    • Romain Vexiau

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Gaoren Wang

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay

    • Maxence Lepers

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay

    • Eliane Luc

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Nadia Bouloufa-Maafa

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Olivier Dulieu

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Universit\'e Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Dajun Wang

      Department of Physics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China

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  • Cooling polar NaCs molecules in an electrostatic trap

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Marek Haruza

      University of Rochester

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Feshbach and Photoassociation Resonances in an Ultracold Lithium-Ytterbium Mixture

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Richard Roy

      Department of Physics, University of Washington

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Excited-state spectroscopy for producing ultracold ground-state NaRb molecule

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Dajun Wang

      Department of Physics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China

    • Bing Zhu

      Department of Physics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong

    • Mingyang Guo

      Department of Physics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong

    • Xiaoke Li

      Department of Physics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong

    • Bo Lu

      Department of Physics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong

    • Fudong Wang

      Department of Physics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong

    • Xin Ye

      Department of Physics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong

    • Romain Vexiau

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Eliane Luc

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Nadia Bouloufa-Maafa

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

    • Olivier Dulieu

      Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Universit\'e Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS/ Univ. Paris-Sud/ ENS Cachan, Orsay, France, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Orsay, France

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  • Spin-Polarized Fermi Gases in 1D, 3D, and Crossover Regimes

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Jacob A. Fry

      Rice University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • BCS-BEC crossover and quantum phase transition in an ultracold Fermi gas under spin-orbit coupling

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Fan Wu

      Univ of Sci \& Tech of China

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Topological superradiance in a degenerate Fermi gas

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Jian-Song Pan

      University of Science and Technology of China

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Solitonic Excitations in Fermionic Superfluids and Progress towards Fermi Gas in Uniform Potential

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Mark Ku

      Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    • Biswaroop Mukherjee

      Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT

    • Elmer Guardado-Sanchez

      Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    • Zhenjie Yan

      Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    • Parth Patel

      Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    • Tarik Yefsah

      Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    • Julian Struck

      Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

    • Martin Zwierlein

      Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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  • Dissipative Dynamics of a Corotating Vortex Pair in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Woo Jin Kwon

      Seoul National University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Yong-il Shin

      Seoul National University, Seoul Natl Univ

    View abstract →

  • Construction of a new apparatus to study 2D superfluid dynamics in BECs

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Zach Newman

      University of Arizona

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Brian P. Anderson

      University of Arizona

    View abstract →

  • Superfluid Atomtronic Circuits

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Stephen Eckel

      Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Imprinting Multiple Spin Textures Simultaneously onto a Spinor BEC

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Joseph D. Murphree

      Univ of Rochester

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Synchronously pumped nuclear magnetic oscillator

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Anna Korver

      University of Wisconsin-Madison

    • Daniel Thrasher

      University of Wisconsin-Madison

    • Michael Bulatowicz

      University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin Madison

    • Thad Walker

      University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin Madison, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison

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  • Nanoscale Sensing with Nitrogen Vacancy Centers

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Elana Urbach

      Harvard University

    • Igor Lovchinsky

      Harvard University

    • Alex Sushkov

      Harvard University

    • Hongkun Park

      Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical biology, Harvard University

    • Mikhail Lukin

      Harvard University, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Physics Department, Harvard University

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  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscope

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Michael Larsen

      Northrop Grumman

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Atomic Gradiometers for Fetal Magnetocardiography

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Ibrahim Sulai

      University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Madison

    • Zack Deland

      University of Wisconsin Madison

    • Colin Wahl

      University of Wisconsin Madison

    • Michael Bulatowicz

      University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin Madison

    • Ron Wakai

      University of Wisconsin Madison

    • Thad Walker

      University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin Madison, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison

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  • Magnetoencephalography with Optically Pumped Atomic Magnetometers

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Peter Schwindt

      Sandia National Laboratories

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Towards magnetic imaging of neurons using NV diamond

    POSTER

    Authors

    • John Barry

      Harvard University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Nanoscale NMR and MRI with NV centers in diamond

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Emma Rosenfeld

      Harvard University

    • My Linh Pham

      Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Optimizing the sensitivity of an NV-diamond magnetometer

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Matthew Turner

      Harvard University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Theoretical study of heavy-atom molecules to search for physics beyond the Standard model

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Alexander Petrov

      Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad district 188300 and Dept. of Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, Petrodvoretz 198504, Russia, Temple University

    • L.V. Skripnikov

      Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad district 188300 and Dept. of Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, Petrodvoretz 198504, Russia

    • A.D. Kudashov

      Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad district 188300 and Dept. of Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, Petrodvoretz 198504, Russia

    • N.S. Mosyagin

      Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad district 188300 and Dept. of Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, Petrodvoretz 198504, Russia

    • A.V. Titov

      Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad district 188300 and Dept. of Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, Petrodvoretz 198504, Russia

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  • Advances in the Francium Trapping Facility at TRIUMF

    POSTER

    Authors

    • J. Zhang

      JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. 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  • Systematics in a measurement of the electron's electric dipole moment using trapped molecular ions

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Matt Grau

      JILA/University of Colorado-Boulder

    • Kevin Cossel

      JILA/University of Colorado-Boulder

    • William Cairncross

      JILA/University of Colorado-Boulder

    • Dan Gresh

      JILA/University of Colorado-Boulder

    • Yan Zhou

      JILA/University of Colorado-Boulder

    • Jun Ye

      JILA/University of Colorado-Boulder, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder

    • Eric Cornell

      JILA/University of Colorado-Boulder, JILA, CU-Boulder and NIST

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  • Progress Towards Ion Trap Piezo Coupling

    POSTER

    Authors

    • K. Wright

      Univ of Maryland-College Park

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Experimental progress towards a Rydberg atom-photon-superconductor quantum interface

    POSTER

    Authors

    • J.A. Isaacs

      Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

    • Jonathan Pritchard

      Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, University of Wisconsin, Madison

    • T. Xia

      University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

    • M.A. Beck

      Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

    • R. McDermott

      Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

    • Mark Saffman

      University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI., University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison

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  • Cold atoms coupled with mechanical oscillators

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Jose Valencia

      University of Nevada, Reno

    • Cris Montoya

      University of Nevada, Reno

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Towards Radiation Pressure Measurement Using the Microresonator Test Mass

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Robinjeet Singh

      Louisiana State University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Atom Entanglement in Nanophotonic Cavity QED

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Polnop Samutpraphoot

      Harvard University, Department of Physics

    • Thibault Peyronel

      Harvard University, Department of Physics

    • Crystal Senko

      Harvard University, Department of Physics

    • Manuel Endres

      Harvard University, Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute

    • Alexander Keesling

      Harvard University, Department of Physics

    • Jeff Thompson

      Harvard University, Department of Physics

    • Tobias Tiecke

      Harvard University, Department of Physics

    • Kali Nayak

      Center for Photonic Innovations and Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo

    • Vladan Vuleti\'{c}

      MIT, Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

    • Mikhail Lukin

      Harvard University, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Physics Department, Harvard University

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  • Probing Planck-scale physics with opto-mechanical systems

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Igor Pikovski

      ITAMP / Harvard University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Spatial Structure of Quantum Noise in a Squeezed Vacuum Field

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Mi Zhang

      College of William and Mary

    • R. Nicholas Lanning

      Louisiana State University

    • Zhihao Xiao

      Louisiana State University

    • Jonathan P. Dowling

      Louisiana State University, Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

    • Irina Novikova

      College of William \& Mary, College of William and Mary, The College of William \& Mary

    • Eugeniy E. Mikhailov

      College of William \& Mary, College of William and Mary

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  • Techniques for studying magnetic materials with NV-diamond

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Huiliang Zhang

      Harvard University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • New Frontiers in Spin Squeezing

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Kevin Cox

      JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Quantum Simulation of Quantum Field Theory with a Trapped Ion System

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Xiang Zhang

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China

    • Kuan Zhang

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China

    • Shen Yangchao

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University

    • Jingning Zhang

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China

    • Man-Hong Yung

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China

    • Kihwan Kim

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China

    • Julen Simon

      Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain

    • Lucas Lamata

      Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain

    • Enrique Solano

      Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain

    • Jorge Casanova

      Institut f\"{u}r Theoretische Physik, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Ulm, Germany

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  • Realization of arithmetic addition and subtraction in a quantum system

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Mark Um

      Tsinghua Univ, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Adiabatic Quantum Search in Open Systems

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Dominik Wild

      Harvard University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Characterization of single- and two-qubit gates in a 2D neutral atom qubit array

    POSTER

    Authors

    • T. Xia

      University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

    • Kara Maller

      University of Wisconsin, Madison

    • Martin Lichtman

      University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison

    • Michal Piotrowicz

      University of Wisconsin, Madison

    • Alex Carr

      University of Wisconsin, Madison

    • Larry Isenhower

      University of Wisconsin, Madison

    • Mark Saffman

      University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI., University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison

    View abstract →

  • Efficient and stringent certification of boson sampling in symmetric waveguide lattices

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Robert Keil

      University of Innsbruck

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • A Cryogenic Linear Paul Trap for Quantum Simulation

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Paul Hess

      Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Joint Quantum Institute

    • Harvey Kaplan

      Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742

    • Aaron Lee

      Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742

    • Brian Neyenhuis

      Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742

    • Lexi Parsagian

      Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742

    • Philip Richerme

      Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Joint Quantum Institute

    • Jacob Smith

      Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742

    • Christopher Monroe

      Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, JQI and University of Maryland

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  • Experimental measurement of n-time correlation functions in a trapped ion

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Shuaining Zhang

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. 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  • Photon number dependent group velocity in vacuum induced transparency

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Nikolai Lauk

      Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • A Lattice-Trapped and Cavity-Enhanced High-Quality Quantum Memory

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    Authors

    • Sheng-Jun Yang

      Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Four-Wave Mixing reduction for EIT-based stored light

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Gleb Romanov

      College of William and Mary

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Waveguide BEC Interferometry with Painted Potentials

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Malcolm Boshier

      Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory

    • Vyacheslav Lebedev

      Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory

    • E. Carlo Samson

      Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545

    • Changhyun Ryu

      Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory

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  • The LAMP instrument at the LCLS

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Timur Osipov

      LCLS, SLAC, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source

    • Jean-Charles Castagna

      LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source

    • Christoph Bostedt

      LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC - Natl Accelerator Lab

    • Hui Xiong

      Univ of Connecticut - Storrs

    • Ken Ferguson

      LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source

    • Maximilian Bucher

      LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source

    • Nora Berrah

      Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs

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  • Fragmentation Dynamics of Endohedral Fullerene Ho$_{3}$N@C$_{80}$ Ionized with Intense and Short X-Ray FEL Pulses

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Brendan Murphy

      Western Michigan University

    • Hui Xiong

      Univ of Connecticut - Storrs

    • Li Fang

      Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas-Austin

    • Timur Osipov

      LCLS, SLAC, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source

    • Edwin Kukk

      University of Turku

    • Vladmir Petrovic

      PULSE, SLAC, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Interpreting Attoclock Measurements of Tunnelling Times

    POSTER

    Authors

    • O. Smirnova

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Max-Born Insitute

    • Lisa Torlina

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany

    • Felipe Morales

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany

    • Jivesh Kaushal

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany

    • Igor Ivanov

      Research School of Physical Sciences, ANU, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia

    • Anatoli Kheifets

      The Australian National University, Research School of Physical Sciences, ANU, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia

    • Alejandro Zielinski

      Ludwig Maximilians University, Theresienstrasse 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany

    • Armin Scrinzi

      Ludwig Maximilians University, Theresienstrasse 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany

    • Harm Geert Muller

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany

    • Misha Ivanov

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany

    View abstract →

  • High harmonic spectroscopy of hole dynamics: where is the hole created after tunnel ionization of a molecule?

    POSTER

    Authors

    • O. Smirnova

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Max-Born Insitute

    • Alex Harvey

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany

    • Felipe Morales

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany

    • Maria Richter

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany

    • Misha Ivanov

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany

    • S. Patchkovskii

      Max-Born Institut, Max-Born-Str 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany, MBI

    • Y. Mairesse

      CELIA, Universite de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, F33405 Talence, France, CELIA

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  • Pump-probe Sub-additivity in Photoelectron Emission from GaAs

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Evan Brunkow

      University of Nebraska- Lincoln

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • The effect of the attochirp on attosecond streaking

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    Authors

    • Cory Goldsmith

      JILA, Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado - Boulder

    • Agnieszka Jaron-Becker

      JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado - Boulder, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder

    • Andreas Becker

      JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Non-linear response of Indium Antimonide to femtosecond mid IR

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Evan Lang

      Ohio State Univ - Columbus

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Enam Chowdhury

      Ohio State Univ - Columbus

    View abstract →

  • Spectroscopic signatures of laser-induced non-adiabatic electron dynamics in H$_2^+$

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Michelle Miller

      JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Andreas Becker

      JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado - Boulder

    View abstract →

  • Transport of Positrons in Arbitrary Configurations of Electric and Magnetic Fields

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Zoran Petrovic

      Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11080 Zemun, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade 11080 Zemun

    • Sasa Dujko

      Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11080 Zemun Serbia

    • Ana Bankovic

      Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11080 Zemun

    • Srdjan Marjanovic

      Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11080 Zemun Serbia, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade 11080 Zemun

    • Ron White

      James Cook University of Sothern Queensland Townsville Australia, James Cook University

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  • Electron Impact ionization cross sections for H-to C- isoelectronic series

    POSTER

    Authors

    • A.K.F. Haque

      Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

    • M.A.R. Patoary

      Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

    • M.A. Uddin

      Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

    • A.K. Basak

      Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

    • B.C. Saha

      Department of Physics, Florida A\&M University, Tallahassee, FL-32307

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  • Near-Threshold Dielectronic Recombination Studies of Si-Like Ions

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Jagjit Kaur

      Western Michigan University

    • Thomas Gorczyca

      Western Michigan University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Multiple scattering in laser assisted free-free scattering experiments

    POSTER

    Authors

    • B.A. {de}Harak

      Illinois Wesleyan University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    View abstract →

  • Xenon (e,2e) triple differential cross sections

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Robert D. Mydlowski

      Physics Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia

    • H.R.J. Walters

      Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, The Queen's University, Belfast, UK

    • Colm T. Whelan

      Physics Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia

    View abstract →

  • Electron Impact Exciation of Fe IX

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Swaraj Tayal

      Clark Atlanta Univ

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Hyperfine structure of the hydroxyl free radical (OH) in electric and magnetic fields

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Kenji Maeda

      Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA

    • Michael Wall

      JILA, NIST and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, JILA

    • Lincoln D. Carr

      Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA and University of Heidelberg, Germany, Colorado School of Mines, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA

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  • Further Progress in Data Acquisition and Analysis on the A$^{1}\Sigma^{+}$ and b$^{3}\Pi$ States of NaK

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Thomas Bergeman

      SUNY Stony Brook

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • La Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy for Applications in Quantum Information

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Patrick Becker

      Denison University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Comparison of absorption, fluorescence, and polarization spectroscopy of atomic rubidium

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    Authors

    • Seth Ashman

      Providence College

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Inexpensive, pocket-sized LED-based fluorometer for undergraduate teaching laboratories and in-the-field chemical detection

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Timothy Ireland

      Duquesne University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Timothy Ireland

      Duquesne University

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  • Electronic Transition Dipole Moment and Radiative Lifetime Calculations of Sodium Dimer Ion-Pair States

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Aydin Sanli

      Temple University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Ergin Ahmed

      Temple University

    • Marjatta Lyyra

      Temple University

    View abstract →

  • Photodetachment Spectroscopy of La$^{-}$: Resonances and Thresholds

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Wes Walter

      Denison University, Granville, OH, Denison University, Physics department, Denison University

    • Dan Gibson

      Denison University, Granville, OH, Denison University, Physics department, Denison University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Manipulation and control of a bichromatic lattice

    ORAL

    Authors

    • Claire Thomas

      University of California, Berkeley

    • Thomas Barter

      University of California, Berkeley

    • Severin Daiss

      University of Heidelberg

    • Zephy Leung

      University of California, Berkeley

    • Dan Stamper-Kurn

      University of California, Berkeley and LBNL, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, Univ of California - Berkeley

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  • Motional resonance enhanced artificial atomic spin-orbit coupling

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Lingna Wu

      State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

    • Xinyu Luo

      State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

    • Zhi-Fang Xu

      Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsbur, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA

    • Masahito Ueda

      Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

    • Ruquan Wang

      Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China

    • Li You

      State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Collaborative Innovation C, State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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  • Efficient Photon Collection from a Nitrogen Vacancy Center in a Circular Bullseye Grating in Diamond

    ORAL

    Authors

    • Edward Chen

      Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT

    • Luozhou Li

      Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT

    • Jiabao Zheng

      Columbia University

    • Sara Mouradian

      Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT

    • Florian Dolde

      Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT

    • Tim Schroder

      Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT

    • Sinan Karaveli

      Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT

    • Matthew Markham

      Element 6, Element Six Ltd

    • Daniel Twitchen

      Element 6, Element Six Ltd

    • Dirk Englund

      Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT

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  • In-Situ Lattice Polarization Measurement by Atomic Wave Scattering

    ORAL

    Authors

    • Felix Schmidt

      Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. 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  • Memory-built-in quantum cloning in a hybrid solid-state spin register

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Weibin Wang

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China

    • Chong Zu

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China

    • Li He

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China

    • Wengang Zhang

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China

    • Luming Duan

      Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

    View abstract →

  • Radio-frequency induced Feshbach resonances

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Yijue Ding

      Department of Physics, Purdue University

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Hamiltonian Tomography by Dynamical Decoupling

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    Authors

    • Sheng-Tao Wang

      University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

    • Dong-Ling Deng

      University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

    • Lu-Ming Duan

      University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

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  • Cold Lithium Atom Interferometer

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    Authors

    • Kayleigh Cassella

      Univ of California - Berkeley

    • Eric Copenhaver

      Univ of California - Berkeley

    • Chen Lai

      Univ of California - Berkeley

    • Paul Hamilton

      Univ of California - Berkeley

    • Brian Estey

      Univ of California - Berkeley

    • Yanying Feng

      Tsinghua University

    • Holger M\"uller

      Univ of California - Berkeley, UC Berkeley

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  • Scalable Microwave Addressing of Trapped Ion Qubits at Fault-tolerant Error Levels

    POSTER

    Authors

    • Diana Prado Lopes Aude Craik

      University of Oxford

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

    • Rajendra Shrestha

      Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, School of Physics, Peking University, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology and JQI, NIST and UMD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, US Army Research Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University, Vilnius University, Joint Quantum Institute, JILA, CU Boulder \& NIST, Univ. Innsbruck, Univ. Strasbourg, Kaiserslautern University of Technology, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna, IQ Hanover, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, JILA/University of Colorado, Harvard University and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Northwestern University, Geometrics, Inc., Air Force Institute of Technology, Air Force Research Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, ZARM, Universitaet Bremen, Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany, ETH Z\"urich, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX, UNM, UoA, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China, University of New Mexico, University of Arizona, Cornell University, Ohio State U, U of Montana, U of Groninzen, U of Nevada, LLNL, Nacional Aut\'onoma de Mexico, Louisiana State University, PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, PULSE, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source, University of Texas at Austin, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Augustana College, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, University of Cincinnati, The University of Texas at Dallas, JILA, NIST \& Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Monash University, Aarhus University, Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona, University of Oxford, NIST, USA, Department of Physics, Purdue University, JILA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern; Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Kaiserslautern, Dept of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Denison University, Granville, OH, Universite Lille, Temple University, Duquesne University, Providence College, Denison University, Rafik Hariri Univ., Meshref, Lebanon, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA, Universite Lyon 1 and CNRS (UMR 5306), France, Drake University, University of Kentucky, Illinois Wesleyan University, University of Strathclyde, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Pulse SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Uppsala University, University of Gothenburg, College of William and Mary, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua Univeristy, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain, University of Aarhus, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Innsbruck, Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Texas A\&M University at Qatar, Imperial College London, Tsinghua Univ, JILA, NIST, and Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Queensland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, University of Nevada, Reno, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China, Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23197, USA, Institudo de Fisica, UASLP, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada, Physics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada, JQI, Physics, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of Maryland, The Wright State Research Institute, Candoo Systems, Sandia National Laboratories, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Rochester, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD, Georgia Southern University, Seoul National University, University of Science and Technology of China, Renmin University of China, Peking University, Univ of Sci \& Tech of China, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Washington, University of Rochester, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, University of Southampton, Keio University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Seoul Natl Univ, University of Oklahoma, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Tech Research Inst, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Inst of Tech, Univ of Chicago, JILA, NIST, CU Boulder, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, CUNY, UIUC, University of Pittsburgh, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, Thomas S. Wootton High School, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue Univeristy, Institut f\"{u}r Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQST, Universit\"{a}t Ulm, Physics and Astronomy Department, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tbilisi State University, Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Jila and the University of Colorado, Boulder, Purdue University, Raman Research Institute, Intel, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA, ITAMP and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Department of Physics, Harvard University, IOTA, Palaiseau, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, United States Naval Academy, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma State Univ, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Physics, LMU Munich, Germany, Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany, Univ. Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Brigham Young University, School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Australia, National University of Singapore, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, JILA/ University of Colorado at Boulder, JILA, University of Colorado, NIST, University of Delaware and the Joint Quantum Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Department of Physics \& Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, The University of Tokyo, University of Hong Kong, University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA, JQI and QuICS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Universit\"at Kassel, Germany, Imperial College London, UK, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, Duke University, University of Illinois, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max-Born-Institut Berlin, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Heidelberg, Germany, Universit\"{a}t Rostock, Germany, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, IFN-CNR, Milano, Italy, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, Spain, Universit\`a di Trieste, Italy, IFN-CNR, Padova, Italy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, QUB, UK, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstra{\ss}e 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom, HISKP, University of Bonn Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Illinois State University, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Northumbria University, University of Windsor, Western Michigan University and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of West Georgia, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany, Australian National University, University of North Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Jain University, Bangalore, Jain University, Bangalore, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Jain University, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Queen's University Belfast, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, UC Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Frankfurt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Georgia State University, Dublin City University, Physics department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA, Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Physical-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, Davis, Chemical Sciences and Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague Technick\'{a}, Czech Republic, JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Physics Department, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan, School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Sciences, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, University of Kansas, National Taiwan University, Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Taiwan, Laboratorium f\"ur Physikalische Chemie, ETH Z\"urich, College of Charleston, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Boulder, Harvard Univ, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Iowa State University, University of Southern California, University of California, Berkeley, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, MIT, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay, Hayward, California 94542-3084, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Stanford University, AOSense, Inc., AOSense, Inc., State Polytechnic University, Old Dominion University, Amherst College, Aalto University, Washington State University, gil.summy@okstate.edu, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston MA 02125, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado Boulder, University of Cambridge, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, JQI, NIST, and University of Maryland, The University of Chicago, JQI, University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, KRISS, Physics Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794-3800, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Univ of Michigan, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Battelle Memorial Institute, Centre for Quantum Technologies, NUS, Argonne National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Ohio State University, Peking University, Beijing, China, Voronezh State University, Russia, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, OSU, OSU / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., OSU / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, Helmholtz Institut Jena, LULI, Institut f{\"u}r Kernphysik, Technische Universitt Darmstadt, CLF, RAL, Queens University Belfast, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, TU Berlin, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, UCONN, Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Max-Planck-Advanced Study Group at CFEL, DESY, Chemical Sciences \& Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, CFEL, DESY and Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, Institute of Physics, Bijenicka cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Univ of California - Los Angeles, JILA, University of Colorado Boulder, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Quantum Metrology Laboratory, Japan, University of Delaware, The University of New South Wales, Australia, California State University - East Bay, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Michigan State University, Yale University, MIT Lincoln Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, Sandial National Laboratories, USA, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, JQI, Dept. of Physics, UMD, and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Coll\`ege de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit\'es, 11, pl. M. Berthelot, Paris, France, University of Michigan, Dept. of Physics, NIST - Boulder, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Dept. of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, Joint Quantum Institute, Dept. of Physics, UMD and NIST, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Colby College, University of Virginia, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Pi5 IQST University of Stuttgart, University of Kaiserslautern, Rice Univ, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA, JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, School of Natural Science \& ISIS Institute for Science and Interdisciplinary Studies, Hampshire College, U of Washington, JILA, University of Florence, INRIM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, INO Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del CNR, LENS European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Colorado School of Mines, James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA., LKB, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit{\'e}s, Coll{\`e}ge de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel, Russian Quantum Center, Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, JILA, NIST, Helmholtz Institute, JGU, Mainz, Germany, University of California Berkeley, Tsinghua University, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Army Research Laboratory, United States Military Academy, Universit\'{e} Montpellier II, Universit\'{e} du Havre, Lehigh University, University of Washingon, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Penn State University, Emory University, University of Georgia, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Penn State Berks, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Department of Physics, Temple University, Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Instituto de F\'{i}sica Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Adelphi University, Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Northwest Missouri State University, QEERI, Doha, Qatar, MBI, Berlin, Germany, Stockholm University, Sweden., Lund University, Sweden, Chimie des materiaux, France, Institut Lumiere matiere, France, MBI, Berlin, Germany; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, UK, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, D-60486, Germany, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, Department of Applied Science and Technology, UC Berkeley, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, SRI International Sarnoff, ColdQuanta, Inc, Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc., MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Natl Univ of Singapore, Stanford University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, Time and Frequency Division Centro Nacional de Metrolog\'ia, Quer\'etaro, M\'exico, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching, Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Harvard University, ITAMP, Bryn Mawr College, Ursinus College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA, Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, P.O. Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel, Middlebury College, QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, Univeristy of Hong Kong, National Research Council of Canada, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, TU Kaiserslautern, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany, Center for Optical Quantum Technologies, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, SUNY Stony Brook, Simon Fraser University, Swarthmore College, University of Colorado Boulder, JILA, NIST, JILA, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, NIST, JILA, Dept. of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, St-Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Duke University Physics Department and Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 USA, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Institute for Complex Quantum Systems, Universit\"at Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany, MPQ Garching, SNS Pisa, Univ of Oklahoma, Politecnico di Torino, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sophia University, JILA, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, CNRS, Laboratoire Aim\'e Cotton (France), University of Michigan, Observatoire de Paris, Muedon, France, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, University of Central Florida, Friedrich-Schiller Universit\"at, University of Tsukuba, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, Oberlin College, TwinLeaf Inc., Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS, Center for Axion and Precision Physics, IBS and KAIST, University of Victoria and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Center, California State University Fullerton, Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University and University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ of Pennsylvania, York University, University of Basque Country, Harvard, Shanghai University, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, ITAMP, Harvard University, Princeton University, Departamento de Qu\'imica, M\'odulo 13, Universidad Aut\'onoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Grupo de F\'isica At\'omica y Molecular, Instituto de F\'isica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226 Medell\'in, Colombia, JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, JILA, NIST, and University of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, NIST, and Physics Department, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Univ of Colorado - Boulder

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  • Results of a direct search for the thorium-229 nuclear isomeric transition

    ORAL

    Authors

    • Christian Schneider

      University of California, Los Angeles

    • Justin Jeet

      University of California, Los Angeles

    • Scott T. Sullivan

      University of California, Los Angeles

    • Wade G. Rellergert

      University of California, Los Angeles

    • Saed Mirzadeh

      Oak Ridge National Laboratory

    • A. Cassanho

      AC Materials, Inc.

    • H.P. Jenssen

      AC Materials, Inc.

    • Eugene V. Tkalya

      Lomonosov Moscow State University and Nuclear Safety Institute of Russian Academy of Science

    • Eric R. Hudson

      University of California, Los Angeles

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