Toward Simultaneous Multi-Axis Atom Interferometry

Atom interferometers are powerful tools for precision inertial sensing and quantum measurement. Extending these systems to enable simultaneous multi-axis measurements within a single atomic ensemble remains an outstanding experimental challenge, driven by constraints on Raman transition selection rules, polarization control, magnetic field geometry, and detection. In this work, we investigate these constraints through systematic characterization of a Raman light pulse atom interferometer operated at a 45 degree inclination relative to the laboratory frame. We perform Raman spectroscopy and interferometer measurements while independently varying the polarization of the Raman beams and the orientation of the bias magnetic field, allowing us to probe how the relative geometry between the Raman wavevector and the quantization axis governs the accessible Raman coupling channels and interferometer contrast. By mapping how different Raman transition pathways emerge or are suppressed as a function of magnetic field angle and polarization state, we experimentally verify the expected selection rules and assess their impact on state selectivity and interferometer performance. These measurements provide insight into the conditions under which dual-axis operation within a single magneto-optical trap may be achievable. In parallel, we address the challenge of independently detecting multiple interferometer outputs from a single atomic ensemble and discuss potential detection strategies including nanofiber based fluorescence detection, probe beam absorption measurements, and spatially resolved imaging. Together, these efforts establish key experimental constraints and inform viable pathways toward robust multi-axis atom interferometers.