Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system. Part II: Coherent operation

ORAL

Abstract

Neutral atoms are a promising platform for quantum science, enabling advances in areas ranging from quantum simulation and computation to metrology, atomic clocks, and quantum networking. Although atom losses typically limit these systems to a pulsed mode, continuous operation could substantially enhance cycle rates, remove bottlenecks in metrology, and enable deep-circuit quantum evolution through quantum error correction.

In this two-part presentation, we introduce an experimental architecture for high-rate reloading and continuous operation of a large-scale atom-array system while realizing coherent storage and manipulation of quantum information. In part two, we expand the previously demonstrated experimental setup towards logical quantum processing for practically unbounded duration with thousands of physical qubits. In particular, we demonstrate persistent refilling of the array with atomic qubits in either a spin-polarized or a coherent superposition state while preserving the quantum state of stored qubits. Finally, we describe progress towards high-fidelity Rydberg entanglement gates. Our results pave the way for the realization of large-scale continuously operated atomic clocks, sensors, and fault-tolerant quantum computers.

*We acknowledge funding from the US Department of Energy (DOE Quantum Systems Accelerator Center), IARPA and the Army Research Office under the Entangled Logical Qubits program, DARPA ONISQ program, DARPA MeasQuIT program, the Center for Ultracold Atoms (an NSF Physics Frontier Center), the National Science Foundation, QuEra Computing, a Rubicon Grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), the Harvard Quantum Initiative Postdoctoral Fellowship in Quantum Science and Engineering, the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) fellowship, and the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation.

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Publication: Chiu, NC., Trapp, E.C., Guo, J. et al. Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system. Nature 646, 1075–1080 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09596-6

Presenters

  • Elias C Trapp

    • Harvard University

Authors

  • Elias C Trapp

    • Harvard University

  • Neng-Chun Chiu

    • Harvard University

  • Jinen Guo

    • Harvard University

  • Mohamed H Abobeih

    • Harvard University

  • Luke M Stewart

    • Harvard University

  • Simon Hollerith

    • Harvard University

  • Pavel L Stroganov

    • Harvard University

  • Marcin Kalinowski

    • Harvard University

  • Alexandra A Geim

    • Harvard University

  • Simon J Evered

    • Harvard University

  • Sophie H Li

    • Harvard University

  • Xingjian Lyu

    • Harvard University

  • Lisa M Peters

    • Harvard University

  • Dolev Bluvstein

    • Harvard University

  • Tout T Wang

    • Harvard University

  • Markus Greiner

    • Harvard University

  • Vladan Vuletić

    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT
    • MIT

  • Mikhail D Lukin

    • Harvard University
    • Department of Physics, Harvard University