Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system. Part I: High-rate qubit reloading

ORAL

Abstract

Neutral atoms are a promising platform for quantum science, enabling advances in areas ranging from quantum simulation and computation to metrology, atomic clocks, and quantum networking. Although atom losses typically limit these systems to a pulsed mode, continuous operation could substantially enhance cycle rates, remove bottlenecks in metrology, and enable deep-circuit quantum evolution through quantum error correction.

In this two-part presentation, we introduce an experimental architecture for high-rate reloading and continuous operation of a large-scale atom-array system while realizing coherent storage and manipulation of quantum information. In part one, we detail the experimental architecture that utilizes a series of two optical lattice conveyor belts to transport atom reservoirs into the science region, where atoms are repeatedly extracted into optical tweezers. With a reloading rate of up to 300,000 tweezer-trapped atoms per second, we create over 30,000 initialized qubits per second which we leverage to assemble and maintain an array of over 3,000 atoms for more than 2 hours.

*We acknowledge funding from the US Department of Energy (DOE Quantum Systems Accelerator Center), IARPA and the Army Research Office under the Entangled Logical Qubits program, DARPA ONISQ program, DARPA MeasQuIT program, the Center for Ultracold Atoms (an NSF Physics Frontier Center), the National Science Foundation, QuEra Computing, a Rubicon Grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), the Harvard Quantum Initiative Postdoctoral Fellowship in Quantum Science and Engineering, the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) fellowship, and the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation.

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Publication: Chiu, NC., Trapp, E.C., Guo, J. et al. Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system. Nature 646, 1075–1080 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09596-6

Presenters

  • Luke M Stewart

    • Harvard University

Authors

  • Luke M Stewart

    • Harvard University

  • Neng-Chun Chiu

    • Harvard University

  • Elias C Trapp

    • Harvard University

  • Jinen Guo

    • Harvard University

  • Mohamed H Abobeih

    • Harvard University

  • Simon Hollerith

    • Harvard University

  • Pavel L Stroganov

    • Harvard University

  • Marcin Kalinowski

    • Harvard University

  • Alexandra A Geim

    • Harvard University

  • Simon J Evered

    • Harvard University

  • Sophie H Li

    • Harvard University

  • Xingjian Lyu

    • Harvard University

  • Lisa M Peters

    • Harvard University

  • Dolev Bluvstein

    • Harvard University

  • Tout T Wang

    • Harvard University

  • Markus Greiner

    • Harvard University

  • Vladan Vuletić

    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT
    • MIT

  • Mikhail D Lukin

    • Harvard University
    • Department of Physics, Harvard University