Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system. Part I: High-rate qubit reloading

Neutral atoms are a promising platform for quantum science, enabling advances in areas ranging from quantum simulation and computation to metrology, atomic clocks, and quantum networking. Although atom losses typically limit these systems to a pulsed mode, continuous operation could substantially enhance cycle rates, remove bottlenecks in metrology, and enable deep-circuit quantum evolution through quantum error correction.

In this two-part presentation, we introduce an experimental architecture for high-rate reloading and continuous operation of a large-scale atom-array system while realizing coherent storage and manipulation of quantum information. In part one, we detail the experimental architecture that utilizes a series of two optical lattice conveyor belts to transport atom reservoirs into the science region, where atoms are repeatedly extracted into optical tweezers. With a reloading rate of up to 300,000 tweezer-trapped atoms per second, we create over 30,000 initialized qubits per second which we leverage to assemble and maintain an array of over 3,000 atoms for more than 2 hours.