Hybrid Atom Arrays for Fast Stabilizer Measurements and Interspecies Rydberg Interaction Engineering  

Atom arrays have emerged as a powerful platform for quantum computation and simulation. However, key challenges remain, including fast, non-destructive readout of a selected subset of atoms without crosstalk—a crucial requirement for extracting quantum error syndromes via stabilizer measurements. To address these challenges, we have developed a novel dual-type Yb–Rb atom array architecture aimed at enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation and exploring quantum information dynamics.

In our approach, single ytterbium (Yb) atoms, which feature long-lived nuclear spin coherence, serve as data qubits, while rubidium (Rb) atomic ensembles, benefiting from enhanced collective optical responses, act as ancillas. This hybrid architecture enables rapid, non-destructive readout of individual data qubits and allows stabilizer measurements to be performed in a single step on timescales of tens of microseconds. Detailed numerical simulations indicate that high-fidelity operation can be achieved under realistic experimental conditions.

These new stabilizer measurement schemes rely on precise understanding of Yb–Rb Rydberg pair interactions. Experimentally, we identify and characterize Förster resonance between Yb–Rb Rydberg states for the first time. Building on this, we demonstrate fast and reliable control of the interspecies Rydberg interaction strength.

Together, these results establish a new toolbox for interspecies Rydberg engineering in dual-type atom arrays and open a promising route toward scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation and the study of non-equilibrium quantum many-body dynamics with hybrid atomic platforms.