Continuously monitored Rabi oscillations in Bose-Einstein condensates

Minimally disruptive measurement techniques are a key tool for modern quantum science. In atomic systems, ancilla based methods or optical cavities are commonly used to realize weak measurements, while in superconducting circuits, dispersive coupling to a readout resonator enables monitoring of a qubit's state during its evolution. These techniques have enabled advances in quantum metrology, quantum error correction, and real-time feedback on quantum evolution. We describe an experiment which implements dispersive imaging techniques to continuously monitor the evolving spin state of Raman-driven tweezer arrays of two-component Bose-condensed or thermal ensembles near the standard quantum limit without the use of optical cavities or ancillae. We observe the dynamics of Rabi oscillations subjected to different regimes of continuous measurement strength and study the effects of measurement backaction during discrete pulse sequences. Continuous and discrete monitoring enable various forms of real-time feedback to an evolving quantum system. We present progress on implementing such feedback for applications such as stabilization against decoherence, generation of unconditional squeezed states, and the exploration of interactive quantum phenomena.