Mitigating Measurement Noise in Fast Neutral Atom Quantum Experiments

Fast and reliable state measurement is a central bottleneck in scaling neutral atom quantum processors. Operating neutral atom processors in the fast measurement regime requires short imaging times, where readout uncertainty becomes non-negligible and can strongly impact downstream operations. We demonstrate that explicitly accounting for measurement uncertainty using experimentally characterized noise statistics substantially improves system performance under fast measurement conditions. In rearrangement, this leads to reduced atom shuttling and improved final array quality. In surface code simulations, we observe lower logical error rates and improved effective error thresholds under fixed hardware error budgets, even when measurement times are constrained to be short. This work overcomes the measurement bottleneck, allowing for scalable quantum error correction with accelerated experimental cycles.