Rayleigh-Taylor instability in rotating three-component Bose-Einstein condensate

The Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) is studied here at the interfaces of a three-component Bose-Einstein condensate (3BEC) under differential acceleration among the components. We propose a hydrodynamic model that contains the surface tension coefficient to calculate the onset of RTI in the 3BEC using the Bernoulli pressure equation. Our numerical calculations of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations based on the split-step Crank-Nicolson method yield the ground-state configurations for a quasi-2D 3BEC. Under immiscible conditions, the nonlinear dynamics are studied using differential angular accelerations, which lead to RTI patterns at the interfaces. Thus this work offers new insights into the dynamics of hydrodynamic instability, vortex generation, and non-equilibrium pattern formation in superfluid systems with multiple interacting components.