Advection-diffusion coupling of nanoparticle ensembles from short to long times

Colloid transport in nanoscale flows is important in wide range of applications from chemical separation to drug delivery. In these flows, the coupling between advection and Brownian diffusion leads to an enhanced particle dispersion by orders of magnitude. Using evanescent wave microscopy in a microchannel, we observe nanoparticle motion in a near-surface zone where the velocity gradients, and thus the dispersion, are the largest. Supported by a theoretical model and simulations based on overdamped Langevin dynamics, our experimental results provide the full dynamics of the particle dispersion from short to long times. In particular, we highlight how the initial distribution of particles affects the time dependence of the transient regime. These results are crucial in controlling the nanoconfined chemical reactions or dynamical adsorption.