Phonation energy budget estimated from acoustic field measurements

The phonation energy budget estimated from measurements in a model of the human upper airway are presented. The model was comprised of a 2.54cm square duct, with molded rubber vocal folds that divided the duct into trachea and vocal tract sections. Synchronous measurements of pressure using two Kulite XCS-093 pressure transducers and 5 Larson-Davis ½” microphones, distributed over the length of the duct, and high-frame rate imaging of the glottis were performed for a range of subglottal pressures. Cross-spectral analysis of acoustic pressure measurements were used to extrapolate acoustic pressure and volume flow throughout the duct. This information was then used to compute terms of the cycle-averaged energy equation.