Developing a new plume-based non-local turbulence closure scheme under complex oceanic forcing

In this study, we extend a recently developed hybrid mass-flux and high-order closure scheme to parameterize turbulent mixing in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) under realistic, time-varying, and non-equilibrium surface forcing conditions. The scheme combines a plume-based, non-local formulation with the prognostic evolution of key second- and third-order turbulent moments, ensuring energetic consistency. Our previous work demonstrated its ability to capture both diffusive and non-diffusive OSBL mixing across idealized wind-, wave-, and buoyancy-driven regimes. Here, we evaluate the scheme's performance under more complex oceanic forcing by validating it against a suite of large eddy simulations (LES). The results highlight the scheme's robustness and suitability for large-scale Earth system models. In addition, the scheme is optimized for GPU acceleration, enhancing its compatibility with emerging high-performance computing architectures.