Transport, noise, and conservation properties in gyrokinetic plasmas

The relationship between various transport properties (such as particle and heat flux, entropy production, heating, and collisional dissipation) [1] is examined in electrostatic gyrokinetic simulations of ITG modes in simple geometry. The effect of the parallel velocity nonlinearity on the achievement of steady-state solutions and the transport properties of these solutions is examined; the effects of nonadiabatic electrons are also considered. We also examine the effectiveness of the electromagnetic split-weight scheme [2] in reducing the noise and improving the conservation properties (energy, momentum, particle number, etc.) of gyrokinetic plasmas. \newline \newline [1] W.\ W.\ Lee and W.\ M.\ Tang, Phys.\ Fluids {\bf 31}, 612 (1988). \newline [2] W.\ W.\ Lee, J.\ L.\ V.\ Lewandowski, T.\ S.\ Hahm, and Z.Lin, Phys.\ Plasmas {\bf 8}, 4435 (2001).