Rotation dynamics with \& without Internal Transport Barriers

We investigate the dynamics of both poloidal and toroidal flows in the presence (or absence) of a reversed safety factor profile through a scan in the incoming heat power applied to the plasma. Doing so, it incidentally also addresses the question of a power threshold for a self-consistent ITB formation in gyrokinetic modeling. As a prime candidate to drive the system away from its neoclassical prediction, we recently showed evidence of turbulence-generated poloidal rotation, consistently with earlier theories. Accurate calculation of the radial electric field is central. Accordingly, description of the mean profile dynamics, as done in {\it full--$f$} flux-driven models is shown to take on a very prominent role. The study is performed using both the \textsc{Gysela} and \textsc{Xgc--1} gyrokinetic codes with Enhanced Reverse Shear (ERS)-like parameters.