Separation of Particle and Energy Transport in the H- and QH-mode Pedestal

Net particle transport through the H-mode pedestal is dictated by anomalous transport mechanisms; however, a significant fraction of the energy transport is governed by enhanced transport of high-energy ions on collisionless orbits. The pedestal radial electric field ($E_r$) is constrained to the value that balances this ion flux with a pinch of colder main ions and impurities as demonstrated using XGC0, a self-consistent full-f multi-species neoclassical calculation that includes neutral recycling and transport. These calculations resolve how edge modes can increase the anomalous particle transport with only a small effect on energy transport, the observed scaling of the height of the density pedestal with $I_p$, and the structure of $E_r$ in the pedestal. Quantitative agreement between XGC0 and the unique features of QH-mode, such as $T_i$ anisotropy, large scrape-off layer $T_i$ and intrinsic co-$I_p$ edge rotation provide confidence that the simulation captures the kinetic effects in the pedestal that drive the neoclassical energy transport.