Astrophysical Evidence of Wakefield Acceleration in Galactic and Extragalactic Jets via Gamma Rays and UHECRs

We show data not only supports but suggests that wakefields are the driving force inside AGN jets exhibiting gamma ray bursts and localized ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) emissions.  Data from a virtually comprehensive list of astrophysical objects ordered by central mass (in the range of 1 – 10⁹ M⊙) that host jets was compared with theoretical predictions.  For example, blazars temporal structure, which includes correlations in neutrino and gamma-ray bursts, and anti-correlation in flux and index, can be explained within the framework of accretion disk evolution along with a coherent collective acceleration process such as wakefield acceleration (WFA).  Blazars (∼ 10⁹ M⊙), radio galaxies (∼ 10⁸​​ M⊙), Seyfert galaxies (∼ 10⁶ M⊙), starburst galaxies (∼ 10³ M⊙), down to microquasars (1 – 10 M⊙) all interestingly exhibit the same physics since the accretion and acceleration processes are independent of mass, aside from maximum values.  Theory also suggests this mechanism is likely accompanied by related emissions, such as high-energy pin-pointed neutrinos, time varying radio, optical, and X-ray emissions — opening up an opportunity to characterize these astrophysical objects via multi-messenger approaches.