Gyrokinetic simulations of electromagnetic turbulence in a dipole configuration

It is well known that plasmas in the planetary magnetospheres are confined due to the inward pinch phenomenon whereby particles are transported against the density gradient. Turbulent transport due to the electrostatic entropy mode can be a possible mechanism for the inward pinch. Gyrokinetic simulations of the entropy mode in dipole configuration have successfully demonstrated the existence of a particle pinch regime [Kobayashi et al (2010)]. However, the observed plasmas in RT-1 magnetospheric experiments [Saitoh et al. (2014)] and in the planetary magnetospheres are generally high-beta, therefore electromagnetic effects may play roles in determining turbulent transport. In this work, we extend the studies of turbulent transport in a dipole configuration to high-beta plasmas. We perform gyrokinetic simulation using GS2 code and discuss how the electromagnetic effects change the transport properties.