3D Disruption Radiation Modeling and Considerations for SPARC Bolometry Design

At peak performance, SPARC plasmas will reach higher thermal stored energy density than previous tokamaks, over 1MJ/m³. The release of this energy on thermal quench timescales of a millisecond or less risks melt damage. Disruptions on SPARC will be mitigated through Massive Gas Injection (MGI). MGI performance will be evaluated using a dedicated set of 60^○ toroidally spaced bolometer arrays deployed to measure disruption radiation. Bolometer designs are tested against virtual disruption radiation from M3D-C1 and NIMROD MGI simulations. Virtual radiation is observed in the Cherab synthetic diagnostic framework to produce synthetic bolometry measurements, as well as local radiation intensities on plasma facing components. Radiation structure reconstruction is conducted through Emis3D to ensure that disruption radiated power and peaking factors can be accurately determined from planned bolometer sightlines. The addition of toroidal bolometer sightlines is found to improve toroidal peaking factor measurement accuracy during the pre-thermal quench in single-injector MGI mitigation.