Binary turbulence and soliton gas in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) offer a versatile platform for studying the interplay between turbulence and solitons in quantum fluids. In our experiments, we generate counterflow between two spin components of a dilute-gas BEC using a magnetic gradient. We first investigate the effective drag force arising from the turbulent counterflow between the two superfluid components. When the gradient is removed, the turbulence gradually decays, leaving behind a disordered ensemble of solitons. We investigate the apparent condensation of 3D turbulence into a quasi one-dimensional soliton gas. These results establish a new experimental pathway for probing nonlinear hydrodynamics in a binary superfluid.