Plasma Modeling of Electrosurgery

ORAL

Abstract

Electrosurgery is the use of high frequency alternating current (AC) to illicit a clinical response in tissue, such as cutting or cauterization. Power electronics converters have been demonstrated to generate the necessary output voltage and current for electrosurgery. The design goal of the converter is to regulate output power while supplying high frequency AC. The design is complicated by fast current and voltage transients that occur when the current travels through air in the form of an arc. To assist in designing a converter that maintains the desired output power during these transients, we have used the COMSOL Plasma Module to determine the output voltage and current characteristics during an arc. This plasma model, used in conjunction with linear circuit elements, allows the full electrosurgical system to be validated. Two models have been tested with the COMSOL Plasma Module. One is a four-species, four-reaction model based on the local field approximation technique. The second simulates the underlying air chemistry using 30 species, 151 chemical reactions, and a coupled electron energy distribution function. Experimental output voltage and current samples have been collected and compared to both models.

Authors

  • Scott Jensen

    University of Colorado-Boulder

  • John Verboncoeur

    Missouri University of Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua University, University of Manchester, Kyoto University, FOM Institute DIFFER, Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, Nagoya University, Tokyo Electron Ltd, Princeton University, The George Washington University, IMEC, The Open University, Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology, UK, York Plasma Institute, University of York, UK, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, Institute for Plasma and Atomic Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada, None, Hokkaido University, Kyushu University, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, The Ohio State Univesity, Air Force Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Aurtas International, Inc., University of Colorado-Boulder, Tokyo Institute of Technology, NU Global, Tokyo Inst of Tech - Tokyo, Meijo University, Hokkaido Univ., National Defense Academy, Dalian University of Technology, Hiden Analytical, Queen's University Belfast, Wesleyan University, CFD Research Corporation, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, General Electric Research, Niskayuna, NY, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, U. Michigan, UCLA Department of Physics, Physics Department, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria, Flinders University, James Cook University, Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, CNRS and Univ. Toulouse, Drake Univ., Tohoku University, Tokyo Electron Limited, ZIK plasmatis at INP Greifswald, INP Greifswald, ZIK plasmatis at INP Greifswald, TU Eindhoven, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo Institute of Tech., York Plasma Institute, University of York, Fukuoka University, Charles University Prague, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Now at the University of Liverpool, Texas A\&M University, The University of Tokyo, National Institute for Fusion Science, Old Dominion University, University of Paul Sabatier, University of Montreal, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, The Ohio State University, Victor Technologies, West Lebanon, University of Liverpool, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Eindhoven University of Technology, CNRS and Univ Toulouse, Centrum Wiskunde \& Informatica and Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, Tsinghua University, China, LAPLACE, CNRS and University of Toulouse, Natl Fusion Res Inst, National Fusion Research Institute, Spectral Energies, LLC., UES, Inc., Hanyang University, Seoul University, SEMES, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, HuaZhong University, University of Antwerp, Universit\'e d'Orleans, Applied Materials, Silicon Systems Group, Varian Semiconductor Equipment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Engineering Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea, SPbGU, SPbU SES, WVU, Stanford University, Ruhr University Bochum, OSRAM AG, Berlin, General Electric Reserach, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, West Virginia University, Morgantown, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, Centre for Plasma Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, GREMI/CNRS/Universit\'e d'Orleans, CNRS/Universit\'e d'Orleans, ZIK plasmatis @ INP Greifswald, Kwangwoon University, Drexel University, A.J. Drexel Plasma Institute, YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, UK, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, UK, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, Sandia National Laboratories, ZIK plasmatis at the INP Greifswald e.V., Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas (LPGP), CNRS \& Universit\'e Paris-Sud, Queens University Belfast, University of York, University of Michigan, Michigan State University

  • John Verboncoeur

    Missouri University of Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua University, University of Manchester, Kyoto University, FOM Institute DIFFER, Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, Nagoya University, Tokyo Electron Ltd, Princeton University, The George Washington University, IMEC, The Open University, Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology, UK, York Plasma Institute, University of York, UK, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, Institute for Plasma and Atomic Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada, None, Hokkaido University, Kyushu University, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, The Ohio State Univesity, Air Force Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Aurtas International, Inc., University of Colorado-Boulder, Tokyo Institute of Technology, NU Global, Tokyo Inst of Tech - Tokyo, Meijo University, Hokkaido Univ., National Defense Academy, Dalian University of Technology, Hiden Analytical, Queen's University Belfast, Wesleyan University, CFD Research Corporation, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, General Electric Research, Niskayuna, NY, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, U. Michigan, UCLA Department of Physics, Physics Department, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria, Flinders University, James Cook University, Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, CNRS and Univ. Toulouse, Drake Univ., Tohoku University, Tokyo Electron Limited, ZIK plasmatis at INP Greifswald, INP Greifswald, ZIK plasmatis at INP Greifswald, TU Eindhoven, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo Institute of Tech., York Plasma Institute, University of York, Fukuoka University, Charles University Prague, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Now at the University of Liverpool, Texas A\&M University, The University of Tokyo, National Institute for Fusion Science, Old Dominion University, University of Paul Sabatier, University of Montreal, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, The Ohio State University, Victor Technologies, West Lebanon, University of Liverpool, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Eindhoven University of Technology, CNRS and Univ Toulouse, Centrum Wiskunde \& Informatica and Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, Tsinghua University, China, LAPLACE, CNRS and University of Toulouse, Natl Fusion Res Inst, National Fusion Research Institute, Spectral Energies, LLC., UES, Inc., Hanyang University, Seoul University, SEMES, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, HuaZhong University, University of Antwerp, Universit\'e d'Orleans, Applied Materials, Silicon Systems Group, Varian Semiconductor Equipment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Engineering Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea, SPbGU, SPbU SES, WVU, Stanford University, Ruhr University Bochum, OSRAM AG, Berlin, General Electric Reserach, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, West Virginia University, Morgantown, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, Centre for Plasma Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, GREMI/CNRS/Universit\'e d'Orleans, CNRS/Universit\'e d'Orleans, ZIK plasmatis @ INP Greifswald, Kwangwoon University, Drexel University, A.J. Drexel Plasma Institute, YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, UK, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, UK, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, Sandia National Laboratories, ZIK plasmatis at the INP Greifswald e.V., Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas (LPGP), CNRS \& Universit\'e Paris-Sud, Queens University Belfast, University of York, University of Michigan, Michigan State University

  • John Verboncoeur

    Missouri University of Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua University, University of Manchester, Kyoto University, FOM Institute DIFFER, Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, Nagoya University, Tokyo Electron Ltd, Princeton University, The George Washington University, IMEC, The Open University, Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology, UK, York Plasma Institute, University of York, UK, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, Institute for Plasma and Atomic Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada, None, Hokkaido University, Kyushu University, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, The Ohio State Univesity, Air Force Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Aurtas International, Inc., University of Colorado-Boulder, Tokyo Institute of Technology, NU Global, Tokyo Inst of Tech - Tokyo, Meijo University, Hokkaido Univ., National Defense Academy, Dalian University of Technology, Hiden Analytical, Queen's University Belfast, Wesleyan University, CFD Research Corporation, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, General Electric Research, Niskayuna, NY, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, U. Michigan, UCLA Department of Physics, Physics Department, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria, Flinders University, James Cook University, Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, CNRS and Univ. Toulouse, Drake Univ., Tohoku University, Tokyo Electron Limited, ZIK plasmatis at INP Greifswald, INP Greifswald, ZIK plasmatis at INP Greifswald, TU Eindhoven, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo Institute of Tech., York Plasma Institute, University of York, Fukuoka University, Charles University Prague, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Now at the University of Liverpool, Texas A\&M University, The University of Tokyo, National Institute for Fusion Science, Old Dominion University, University of Paul Sabatier, University of Montreal, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, The Ohio State University, Victor Technologies, West Lebanon, University of Liverpool, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Eindhoven University of Technology, CNRS and Univ Toulouse, Centrum Wiskunde \& Informatica and Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, Tsinghua University, China, LAPLACE, CNRS and University of Toulouse, Natl Fusion Res Inst, National Fusion Research Institute, Spectral Energies, LLC., UES, Inc., Hanyang University, Seoul University, SEMES, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, HuaZhong University, University of Antwerp, Universit\'e d'Orleans, Applied Materials, Silicon Systems Group, Varian Semiconductor Equipment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Engineering Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea, SPbGU, SPbU SES, WVU, Stanford University, Ruhr University Bochum, OSRAM AG, Berlin, General Electric Reserach, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, West Virginia University, Morgantown, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, Centre for Plasma Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, GREMI/CNRS/Universit\'e d'Orleans, CNRS/Universit\'e d'Orleans, ZIK plasmatis @ INP Greifswald, Kwangwoon University, Drexel University, A.J. Drexel Plasma Institute, YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, UK, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, UK, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, Sandia National Laboratories, ZIK plasmatis at the INP Greifswald e.V., Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas (LPGP), CNRS \& Universit\'e Paris-Sud, Queens University Belfast, University of York, University of Michigan, Michigan State University

  • John Verboncoeur

    Missouri University of Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tsinghua University, University of Manchester, Kyoto University, FOM Institute DIFFER, Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, Nagoya University, Tokyo Electron Ltd, Princeton University, The George Washington University, IMEC, The Open University, Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology, UK, York Plasma Institute, University of York, UK, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, Institute for Plasma and Atomic Physics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada, None, Hokkaido University, Kyushu University, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, The Ohio State Univesity, Air Force Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Aurtas International, Inc., University of Colorado-Boulder, Tokyo Institute of Technology, NU Global, Tokyo Inst of Tech - Tokyo, Meijo University, Hokkaido Univ., National Defense Academy, Dalian University of Technology, Hiden Analytical, Queen's University Belfast, Wesleyan University, CFD Research Corporation, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, General Electric Research, Niskayuna, NY, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, U. Michigan, UCLA Department of Physics, Physics Department, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria, Flinders University, James Cook University, Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, CNRS and Univ. Toulouse, Drake Univ., Tohoku University, Tokyo Electron Limited, ZIK plasmatis at INP Greifswald, INP Greifswald, ZIK plasmatis at INP Greifswald, TU Eindhoven, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo Institute of Tech., York Plasma Institute, University of York, Fukuoka University, Charles University Prague, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Now at the University of Liverpool, Texas A\&M University, The University of Tokyo, National Institute for Fusion Science, Old Dominion University, University of Paul Sabatier, University of Montreal, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, The Ohio State University, Victor Technologies, West Lebanon, University of Liverpool, Institute of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Eindhoven University of Technology, CNRS and Univ Toulouse, Centrum Wiskunde \& Informatica and Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, Tsinghua University, China, LAPLACE, CNRS and University of Toulouse, Natl Fusion Res Inst, National Fusion Research Institute, Spectral Energies, LLC., UES, Inc., Hanyang University, Seoul University, SEMES, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, HuaZhong University, University of Antwerp, Universit\'e d'Orleans, Applied Materials, Silicon Systems Group, Varian Semiconductor Equipment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Engineering Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea, SPbGU, SPbU SES, WVU, Stanford University, Ruhr University Bochum, OSRAM AG, Berlin, General Electric Reserach, Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, West Virginia University, Morgantown, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, Centre for Plasma Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, GREMI/CNRS/Universit\'e d'Orleans, CNRS/Universit\'e d'Orleans, ZIK plasmatis @ INP Greifswald, Kwangwoon University, Drexel University, A.J. Drexel Plasma Institute, YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, UK, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, UK, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, Sandia National Laboratories, ZIK plasmatis at the INP Greifswald e.V., Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas (LPGP), CNRS \& Universit\'e Paris-Sud, Queens University Belfast, University of York, University of Michigan, Michigan State University