Future of High Performance Particle-in-cell codes computing

For electrostatic and implicit electromagnetic Particle-in-cell (PIC) codes the global field solve of the Poisson, or implicitly time-discretized Maxwell equations, requires massive communication that limits scalability, especially for three-dimensional simulations. We will discuss best practices, including algorithms and solver libraries. Results from scalability studies will be presented, with an emphasis on electrostatic PIC using the multi-grid method to solve the Poisson equation. Example applications using large-scale simulationswill be presented. An extrapolation to future high-performance computers will be attempted.