Spectroscopy of the Heaviest Elements

The specific ``magic'' proton and neutron numbers, representing major spherical shell gaps, beyond 208Pb are a matter of considerable debate. It is well established that nuclei near Z=100, N=152 (252Fm) have well-deformed prolate shapes. By performing prompt and delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy on deformed transfermium nuclei we can learn about the single-particle structure, shell gaps, pairing correlations, and excitation modes in the heaviest nuclei. After a brief overview of state-of-the-art measurements, I will describe recent results from experiments at the 88-Inch Cyclotron of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory which use the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator (BGS). I will then discuss the prospects of a new generation of spectroscopy measurements on the heaviest elements when the BGS is used in conjunction with the GRETINA gamma--ray tracking array.