Scaling properties of light-cluster production

We show, using the experimental data from Ca+Ca and Sn+Sn collisions, that ratios of light-particle energy spectra display scaling properties that can be accurately described by effective local chemical potentials. This demonstrates the equivalence of t/3He and n/p spectral ratios and provides an essential test of theoretical predictions of isotopically resolved light-particle spectra. In addition, this approach allows direct comparisons of many theoretical n/p spectral ratios to experiments where charged-particle spectra but not neutron spectra are accurately measured. Such experiments may provide much more quantitative constraints on the density and momentum dependence of the symmetry energy.