Investigating Hadronization and Nucleon Structure Through Hadrons Within Jets from Proton-Proton Collisions

Over the last decade, theoretical and experimental engagement have unlocked tantalizing opportunities for new insight into QCD and nucleon structure. The production of hadrons within jets has been proposed as a new probe to investigate these phenomena in proton+proton collisions, e.g. to provide further insight into distributions such as quark transversity and gluon fragmentation functions. Recent data from polarized proton collisions have yielded the first observations of transverse single-spin asymmetries in the azimuthal distributions of hadrons within jets, sensitive to transversity and the Collins fragmentation function. Recent unpolarized datasets promise improved constraints on collinear and TMD fragmentation functions. These and additional datasets pave the way for new global analyses to expand the frontier of knowledge of QCD, nucleon structure, and hadronization.