Structure and electronic properties of silicon nanowires grown along the [110] direction: role of surface reconstruction

ORAL

Abstract

Silicon single-crystal nanowires (SiNWs) are attracting great interest for future nanoscale devises in recent years. So far, the [110] grown SiNWs with diameters below 4 nm have been successfully fabricated by various methods\footnote{Ma {\it et al.}, Science {\bf 299}, 1874(2003); Wu {\it et al.}, Nano Lett. {\bf 4}, 433(2004).}. Although the size dependence in electronic and optical properties for the [110] grown SiNWs terminated by H-atoms have been intensively studied\footnote{Zhao {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 236805(2004).}, effects of surface reconstructions on the electronic structure have been rarely examined. Here, we investigate the atomic and electronic structures of SiNWs along the [110] direction with \{001\} and \{111\} facets using first-principles pseudopotential method. The calculations for SiNWs whose diameters are $\sim$4 nm demonstrate that the reconstructions on these facets are strongly dependent on H-chemical potential $\mu_{\rm H}$: The SiNW consisting of monohydride \{001\} and H-terminated \{111\} facets is stabilized for high $\mu_{\rm H}$($\geq$-0.75 eV) while the pristine SiNW stabilized for low $\mu_{\rm H}$($\leq$-0.82 eV). The reconstructions with partially hydrogenated facets appear for -0.82$<$$\mu_{\rm H}$$<$-0.75 eV. Peculiar features in the electronic structure are also found in partially hydrogenated SiNWs.

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Authors

  • Chih-Chung Chang

    Department of Physics and NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Argonne Natl. Lab, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, NIST, Harvard University Dept. of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University Dept. of Physics, Brigham Young University, Sandia National laboratories, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dep. of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Dep. of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Microelectronic Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Texas Instruments, ANL, Argonne, IL 60439, USA, Ioffe PTI, St Petersburg, 194021, Russia, Naval Research Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Vanderbilt University \& Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University \& Penn State Erie, Vanderbilt University, Georgia Institute of Technology, NEU, UCSD, Ariel Inc., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Northwestern University, Northwestern University Synchrotron Research Center, The University of Tokyo, KAST, KAST, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, CHINA, Oakland University, Dept. of Chemistry, Kyoto Univ., IMR, Tohoku University, CREST-JST, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Max Planck Institute for Feskorperforshung, Stuttgart, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics, Univ. of Tokyo, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, HMI Berlin, Germany., Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, UK., Royal Holloway, University of London, UK., ISIS Facility, UK., HMI Berlin and Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany, CEA Saclay, France., University of Alberta Physics Dept, and National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton AB Canada, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, UC Irvine, Univ. of Ioannina, Greece, Palacky Univ., Czech Republic, Columbia University, Dept of Solid State Physics, Lund Univ, Dept of Physics and Sch of Eng and App Sci, Harvard Univ, Dept of Physics, ETH, Dept of Physics, Harvard Univ, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, Institut de Mineralogie et Physique des Milieux Condenses, Paris, France, FPRD Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea, University of Southern California, Univ. of Illinois, Physics Department of UCLA, Department of Electrical Engineering, UC Berkley, Waseda University, Stanford University, Weizmann Institute, Sandia National Laboratories, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Canada, Peking University, University of California, Davis, NHMFL, Tallahassee, LANL, Stanford, UCLA, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Occidental College, Dept. of Chemistry, M.I.T., Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg, France, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA, Lebedev Physics Institute 117924 Moscow Russia, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemestry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Depts. of Physics and Applied Physics, Columbia Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Yale Univ., Dept. of Applied Physics, Yale Univ., University of California, Los Angeles, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, IBM T.J. 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Tupelo, MS, 38801, Dept. of Phys, and the ICET, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul 151-747, Korea, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China, University of Missouri, Applied Material Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, Center for Computational Material Science, Vienna University of Technology, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, NCEM, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, Nancy Universite, France, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies San Jose Research Center, Physics Dept., University of California at Berkeley, Groupe NanoMateriaux, CEMES-CNRS, Toulouse, France, Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, Rutgers Univ., Okayama University, Osaka Prefecture University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN, Institut fuer Festkoerperforschung, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Departamento de Fisica, UFMG, Brazil, Berkeley University, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies Inc., Murray Hill, NJ 07974, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, Materials Department, University of California at Santa Barbara, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, The University of Maryland, Ames Laboratory, USDOE, MST-6, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Astronom\&#039;ia Optica y Electr\&#039;onica, Dept. of Physics, University of York, U.K., Dept. of Physics, University of York, York, U.K., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Spain, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, UC Santa Barbara, Kyoto University, Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador BA, Brasil, Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Matrials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champiagn, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Matrials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, ETSF, CNISM, and Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Universit\`a di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, IT, ETSF and CNISM, UdR Milano-Bicocca, Milano, IT, Cavendish Laborator, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Instituto de Microelectronica de Madrid, CSIC, Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, University of Georgia, Department of Physics, Lakehead University, The University of Georgia, USA, Institution for Experimental Physics V, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, Department of Physics and Center for Materials Research and Technology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, Dept. of Polymer Science and Engr., Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, University of California, Irvine, Kansas State University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, Ion Reaction Laboratory, Dep. of Nuclear Medicine \& Radiobiology, Univ. of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Griffith University, UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany, Dept. of Applied Physics and JST-CREST, Univ. Tokyo, Dept. of Applied Physics, Univ. Tokyo, University of Missouri-Rolla, Central Japan Railways Company, Ooyama, Japan, Materials Science Department, Ohio State University, CNR-IMEM, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy, CNR-INFM-LAMIA, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy, FSU, ASU, University of Geneva, University of Rome ``La Sapienza&#034;, University of California at Diego, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Institut Laue-Langevin, France, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Okayama University, Japan, University of Notre Dame, National High Magnetic Field Lab, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, ISIR, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan, Department of Physics, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, California Institute of Technology, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Bucknell University, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, CERC, CREST, Research Centre Juelich, Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, NREL, Univ. Cal. Los Angeles, Hiden Isochema, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Physics, eMRI, Dept. of Physics and Nanomedicine Consortium, Northeastern University, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UC Riverside, Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, UC Santa Barbara, Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, II. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Physics Department, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, Physics Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, Physics Dept., Texas A\&M Univ., College Station, TX, , Institute of Physics, Acad. of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Physics Dept. 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Tokyo, Multiferroics Project, ERATO, JST, ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11, 0QX United Kingdom, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Glienicker Str. 100, Berlin D-14109, Germany, Ames Laboratory and Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State Univ., Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, MRSEC, Department of Physics. University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, ERATO-MF, IMR, Tohoku University, IMRAM, Tohoku University, Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Hahn-Meitner-Institute, Glienicker Str.~100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands, Department of Applied Physics. University of Tokyo, CERC, CREST, Department of Physics and Institute for Basic Science Research, Sungkyunkwan University, Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory, RIKEN, Dept. of Physics and Applied Physics, Columbia Univ., LPS, Universit\&#039;e Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Chungnam National University, Konkuk University, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, Centre de Physique Mol\&#039;eculaire Optique et Hertzienne, Universit\&#039;e Bordeaux (France), Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston ,Texas, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Argonne Nat. Lab., Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany, Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, BNL, CCNY, CRMCN-CNRS, Marseille, Francia, E\&E Dept. UCLA, FENA, WIN, CNSI, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Univ. of Tokyo, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Physics Division, BCPS Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, IN2UB-U.Barcelona, ESRF-Grenoble, ICMA-CSIC and U. Zaragoza, ICMM-CSIC, Los Alamos National Lab, University of Rochester and Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester and Eastman Kodak Company, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, Republic of China, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, Republic of China, Department of Applied Physics and Center for Research on Interface Structures and Phenomena, Yale University, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst, Rice, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita&#039; di Roma, La Sapienza and SMC Research Center and ISC, INFM-CNR, Roma Italy, Universite&#039; Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita&#039; di Roma, La Sapienza and ISC, INFM-CNR, Roma Italy, Research Center SMC, INFM-CNR and Dept. Physics, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy, Dept. Physics, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Mod{\&#039;e}lisation des Milieux Condens{\&#039;e}s, CNRS, Grenoble, France, International Centre for Theoretical Physics and University of Maryland, Univ. of Florence, INFN Section of Catania (I), 2nd Univ. of Rome (I), A.O. Policlinico, Catania (I), A.O. Cannizzaro, Catania, INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania (I), Yale University, Helsinki University of Technology and University of Oulu, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Materials Science and Technology Division, ORNL, and University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA, Microsoft Q, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik III, Universitaet Stuttgart, Germany, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Ca, USA, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, Fritz Haber Institute, Berlin, Germany, Univerisity of California at Santa Babara, CA, Department of Physics, Stanford University, MPI-PKS, Dresden, Germany, LPT - University of Toulouse, France, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530 USA, Physics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, UC Riverside, Iowa State Univ, SungKyunKwan Univ, NIMS, Japan, Inst. Chem. Res., Kyoto University, Keihanna Interaction Plaza Inc., SPring-8 Service Co., NTT Corporation, Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Air Force Research Labs, Texas A\&M, UDRI, Iowa State University, The University of Houston, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA, Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Japan, Osaka City University, Japan, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada, Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque NM, Trihydro, APS, Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Institute of Physics, CAS, MER Corporation, Argonne National Laboratory, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Department of Physics, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, AFRL, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, Laboratory of magnetism of Brittany CNRS, Brest, France, Korea University, KAIST, Department of Physics, Kyushu University, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, E.L. Ginzton Lab., Stanford University, USA, Technische Physik, Universitat Wurzburg, Germany, Laboratoire Aim\&#039;e Cotton, CNRS, Universit\&#039;e Paris-Sud, B\^atiment 505, Campus d&#039;Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France, Hofstra University, STC ``Reaktivelektron&#039;&#039;, NAS of Ukraine, 83096 Donetsk, Ukraine, Institute for Single Crystals, NAS of Ukraine, 61001 Kharkov, Ukraine, Materials Science Division, LBNL, Berkeley, California 94720, USA., Materials Science Division and Technology Division, LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA, SPSMS-DRFMC, CEAGrenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex, France, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik,76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruh, Department of Applied Physics and E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan, National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan, West Virginia University, University of Tsukuba, University of Tokyo, The College of Wooster, Wooster OH 44691, College of Charleston, Elizabeth City State University, University of Barcelona, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Department of Physics, School of Science, Nagoya University and JST-BIRD, NIST Electronics and Electrical Engineering Lab., Carnegie Mellon University, University of Toledo, Oxford University, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California at San Diego, CSC - Finnish IT Center for Science, Laboratory of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Physics Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467, City College of New York, NCCU, Durham, NC, NSU, Norfolk, VA, q-Psi and BK21 Program Division of Advanced Research and Education in Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, Clarkson University, Potsdam, USA, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Department of Physics and Samtel Center for Display Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, Rice University Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Applied Science and Chemistry, U. California, Davis, Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Lamar University - Texas, Institut fur Physik, Mainz, York University, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Dartmouth College, Los Alamos, Dartmouth College and University of Padova, University of Rome ``La Sapienza&#034; and INFM-CNR, Kastler-Brossel Laboratory, Ecole Normale Sup\&#039;erieure (Paris), Vienna University of Technology, USTEM, Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Materials Chemistry, A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, U. Texas at Arlington, NSLS Brookhaven National Lab, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Physics, Natl Sun Yat-Sen University, Department of Computer and Communication, SHU-TE University, Trinity University, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, University of Western Ontario, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, Yonsei University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Physics Department and Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, U.S.A., Department of Physics, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45207, U.S.A., Kyoto Institute of Technology, Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munchen, Germany, Dept. Chem. \& Biomolec. Eng, NCSU, Air Force Reseach Lab, WPAFB, Kanagawa University, The College of Wooster, National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, Southe Korea, Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, South Korea, Center for Materials Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Japan, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab., ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Institute of Biomedical \& Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, CREST-JST and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Ames Laboratory, USDOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames Lab / Iowa State University, Theoretical Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Japan, Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, University of Wisconsin-Madison, The University of Vermont, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sandia National Laboratory, National Taiwan University, Sandia, Caltech, Dept. of Electrical Engineering., Princeton University, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Dept of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, Physics Department, Ohio State University, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, IBM Yorktown Heights, Pohang Light Source Pohang, Korea, Sogang University, Korea, Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, Dept. of Physics, Natl Tsing Hua Univ., Taiwan, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Natl Tsing Hua Univ., Taiwan, UT Austin, Freescale Semiconductor, SEMATECH, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universitat Munchen, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Swarthmore College, Department of Physics, McCullough Building, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, 100084, China, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, INSP, UMR 7588, CNR/Paris VI et VII, France, Kavli Institute of NanoScience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA, Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CNRS, BP 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Physikalisches Institut, Universit\&#034;at Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, University of California at San Diego, The Weizmann Institute of Science, The University of Edinburgh, U.K, FRM-II, Technical University Munich, ZWE, 85747 Garching, Germany, Institut Laue-Langevin - 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, Institut f\&#034;ur Anorganische Chemie, Universit\&#034;at Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, Physikalsiches Institut, Universit\&#034;at Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics \& Astronautics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA, Institut Neel, Grenoble, France and ETSF France, IFTO, Friedrich-Schiller Universitaet Jena, Germany, The Univ. of Tokyo, Dept. of Mech. Eng., 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, IFW Dresden, Germany, LSI, CEA-CNRS UMR 7642-Ecole Polytechnique, France and ETSF France, Nano-Electronics Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation, Research Center for Integrated Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, University of Louisville, Department of Physics and the Frederick Seitz Mater. Res. Lab., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, RIKEN, Tokyo Inst. Tech. and JST-CREST, RIKEN and JST-CREST, Inst. Phys. and TIMS, Univ. Tsukuba and JST-CREST, Ames Laboratory DOE and Iowa State University, HLD/FZD, NHMFL/Florida State University, University of Canterbury, Wayne State University, University Kaiserslautern, University Wuppertal, Kanazawa University, Tohoku University; Institute for Molecular Science, LMU-PSI, Toyota CRDL, Department of Physics, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, Department of Electrical Engineering, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York 14650, RIKEN, Spring-8, Univ. La Sapienza Roma, Italy, SISSA-ISAS Trieste, Italy, Caspur Roma, Italy, University of Memphis, University of Athens, Chemistry, University of Pisa, Physics, NRL, Chemistry, Dept of Physics and Astronomy and Polymer IRC, Univ. of Leeds, Dept of Chem./Polymer IRC, Univ. of Durham, School of Mathematical Sciences, Univ. of Nottingham, Dept of Mech. Engr./ Polymer IRC, Univ. of Bradford, Dept of Chem./Polymer IRC, Univ. of Sheffield, Cleveland State University, University of Nottingham, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, UCSB, USA, Center for NanoScience \& Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Labs, Upton, New York, Ajou University, Korean Advanced Nanofab Center, Nuclear Medicine Department, State University of New York, NY 14260, Dept. of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, Dept. of Physics, Buffalo State College, NY 14222, LMGP-Minatec, France, Geophysical Laboratory,Carnegie Institution of Washington, Physics Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, ANL, Department of Chemical \& Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, SSRL, UMass, NCSU, Meiji University, JAPAN, Vanderbilt University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, USA, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Stuttgart, Germany, Electrical \& Computer Eng Dept., Philadelphia, PA, Martha Washington Elementary School, Philadelphia, PA, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Materials, ICCAS, Beijing, China, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, USA, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, UK, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, University of Maryland, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Universit\&#034;{a}t Stuttgart, University of Waterloo, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Universite de Geneve, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, France, University of Hamburg, Germany, New Mexico State University, Rice Unveristy, Dept. of Chemistry, MIT, Dept. of Chemistry, Rice U., Dept. of Chemistry, Budapest U. of Technology and Economics, McMaster University, TRIUMF, Department of Physics and Institute for Pure and Applied Physical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory - LANL, Brown University, Advanced Light Source, Stanford University and Advanced Light Source, NHMFL, NHMFL/FSU, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Tokyo, Universite Bordeaux I, CPMOH, UMR 5798, 33405 Talence, France, Department of Physics, University of Belgrade, POB 368, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia, Northern Illinois University, Condensed Matter Physics and Devices Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Leiden University, Syracuse University, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Nano-Optical Property Laboratory and Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Department of Physics, Sogang University, Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19004, USA, Department of Polymer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0390, USA, Max-Planck-Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, CTO and Vice President, Aglient Technologies, Distinguised Scientist in Residence, NYU and Senior VP and Dir. of Research (retired), IBM, President and CEO, HRL Laboratories, LLC, Max-Planck Institute for Iron Research, U. 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Lab., Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, NHMFL-LANL, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH H\&#034;onggerberg, Zurich, National High Magnetic Field Lab, Los Alamos National Lab, DESY, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea, Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS , ENSICAEN, Caen Cedex, France, Department of Physics and Institute of Functional Nano Materials, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA, SungKyunKwan University, Korea, Tohoku University, Japan), Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea, Rutgers University, USA, KEK, Japan, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy,Rutgers University, Institut fur Angewandte Physik, Univeristat Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, Dept. of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Univ. of Ill., Urbana-Champaign, University of California, Berkley, DSM/DRECAM/SPEC, CEA, Saclay, France, Depto. Fisica, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Inst. Inv. Materiales, UNAM, Mexico, Carnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada, MPI-FKF, Stuttgart, Germany, INFM SMC and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a ``la Sapienza&#034;, Roma, Italy, UPCM, Universit\&#039;e Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, Laboratory of Superconductivity, ISSP-RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, University of California, Berkeley and LBNL, Santa Clara University, University of Nagoya, Carnegie-Mellon University, Emory Univ. Physics Dep., IBM, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, National Center for Atmospheric Research, IBM Almaden Research Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Goettingen, Germany, ICBM Oldenburg, Germany, Dept. of Mechanical Engr., Kobe Univ., Japan, Dept. Mechanical and Aerospace Engr., UCLA, Dept. of Physics, California State Univ., Northridge, Ames Laboratory, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA, Ames Laboratory, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA and Department of Physics, Iowa State University,Ames,IA,50011, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Institute of Radio Engineering \& Electronics, RAS, Applied Physics Institute, RAS, North Carolina Central University, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, HRL Laboratories LLC, Department of Physics and Electronic Materials Research Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA, Department of Physics and Electronic Materials Research Institute,Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Dept. of Physics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, California, 94720, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies San Jose Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, USA, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, PULSE Centre, Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA, Dpt. of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV 26506, ``Al. I. Cuza&#039;&#039; University, Faculty of Physics, Iasi 700506, Romania, Dept. of Phys. Eng., Mie Univ., Japan, University de Geneve, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Boston University and Leiden University, Free University Berlin, University of Copenhagen, CFN, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Kettering University, Electrical Engineering, Univ. of South Florida, Physics, Univ. of South Florida, Dept. of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond, VA, University of California-Irvine, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Department of Physics, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA, University of Miami, Neutron Scattering Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Technical University Delft, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA, Queen Mary University, London, UK, Imperial College, London, UK, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, Chemistry Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, Meiji University, Japan, Dept. of Chemistry and Physics, Penn. State Univ., Dept. of Physics, Virginia Common. Univ., Chalmers University of Technology, Materials Science and Tech. Division, LANL, Materials Science and Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, CERN, PH Department, Vanderbilt University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Fukuoka University, American University of Beirut, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., SUNY-Binghamton, SUNY-Albany, University of California at Santa Barbara, Tech. U. of Denmark, P. U. Catolica Chile, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, ExxonMobil Corporate Strategic Research Laboratories, Oklahoma State University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Institut f\&#034;{u}r Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Innsbruck, Austria, Dept. of Physics, Sophia Univ., ISSP, Univ. Tokyo, Dept. of Physics, Univ. Tokyo, JST-CREST, AIST, Universidad Aut\&#039;onoma de Yucat\&#039;an, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, CINVESTAV-Unidad Merida, Austin College, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop T004, Los Alamos, 87545 NM, Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Long Beach, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL60439, USA, PMMH, UMR7636 (CNRS), ESPCI Univ.~P6-P7, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, MSC, UMR 7057 (CNRS), Univ. Paris 7, University of California at Davis, University of North Carolina, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, MPI fuer Festkoerperforschung, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Japan, Department of Transfusion Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan, Department of Radiology, Tachikawa Hospital, Japan, Bowling Green State University, Depto. Fisica. U. del Tolima, CICATA-IPN. U. Legaria, University of Illinois at Urbana Champagne, R-CEM and Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, Rutgers Univ., USA, eSSC \& Dept. of Physics, POSTECH, Korea, Dept. of Physics, Ulsan Univ., Korea, l-PEM \& Dept. of Physics, POSTECH, Korea, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, Korea, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701 Korea, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology,, Pohang , Korea, Department of Earth science, University of Cambridge, UK, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA, Jeonju University, Jeonju 560-759, Korea, Iwate University, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, USA, HPCAT at Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, USA, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\&#034;at, Institut f\&#034;ur Theoretische Physik, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics - Yeshiva University, Brown University, Departament of Physics, Providence, United States, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Laborat\&#039;orio Associado de Sensores e Materiais, S\~ao Jos\&#039;e dos Campos, Brazil, The University of Western Ontario, Departament Of Applied Mathematics, London, Canada, Oakland University, Department of Physics, Rochester, United States, Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA, Laboratory of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Lawrence Berkeley Nat. Lab., Chicago State University, Stevens Institute of Technology, Kingsborough College of CUNY, Drew University, SUNY Maritime, Fordham University, Department of Physics, NTU, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Center for General Education, Tainan University of, Dept of Physics, University of Florida, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Florida, Dept. of Physics, University of Florida, MS\&MS Dept., Rice University, 6100 Main street, Houston TX 770005, Physics Department, G\&#034;oteborg University, SE-412 96, G\&#034;oteborg, Sweden, Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland, MS\&MS Dept., Rice University, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Norfolk State University, Department of Physics and the Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong, Hong Kong, China, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Air Force Research Lab/ WPAFB, Raith GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, Technische Universitaet Dortmund, Experimentelle Physik\,I, Germany, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Rochester, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, EPFL, Lausanne, University of Fribourg, Physics Department, University Louis Pasteur, France, Seoul University, Abbott Laboratories, Chemical and Nuclear Engineerng Department, Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Bayreuth Physical chemistry II, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, MPI fuer Kolloid- und Grenzflaechenforschung, Am Muehlenberg, 14424 Potsdam, Univ. of Delaware, Chemical Engineering, NIST, Polymers, LyondellBasell Industries, University of Akron, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Institut Charles Saudron, Dept of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, U of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440, Department of Physics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63160, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545, Department of Physics, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63160, Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, GRASP, Physics Department, University of Li\`ege, B-4000 Li\`ege,, Argonne National Lab., Sogang Univ. Korea, SUNY, Binghamton, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France, California State Univ, Los Angeles, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Georgia Tech., Atlanta, GA, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Hanyang University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Tokyo, CREST, JST, and CERC, AIST, CERC, AIST and CREST, JST, Ben-Gurion University and RTRA project, LPS and CEA, KEK, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, RIKEN, Japan, Colby College, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., University of Nevada, Las Vegas, JST, NEC, Meijo Univ, Fujita Health Univ., JST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, c/o NEC Corporation, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Columbia Univ., Dept. of Physics, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, Korea., Dept. of Elec. Engr., University of Florida, Dept. of Chem., University of Florida, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Dept. of Elect. Engr., University of Florida, Dept. of Materials Sci. \& Engineering, University of Florida, Boston University, ECE, Boston University, Department of Physics, BK21 Physics Division, Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory \& Department of Physics, POSTECH, Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea, Sogang University, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, Center for Computational Materials Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, Institute for theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany, Departament de Quimica Inorganica and Institut de Recerca de Quimica Teorica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647,08028, University of Sussex, UK, Department of Physics, Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Faculty of Physics, University Vienna, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany, JILA/NIST/University of Colorado, JILA/University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. and U. of Tennessee, Microsoft Project Q, U. of California at Santa Barbara, Inst. for Theoretical Physics C, RWTH Aachen, Germany, Ohio U., U. of Florida, Ohio Univerisity, CNRS and Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France, Waseda Univ., JST-ERATO, Physics Department, University of South Florida, Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Germany, Institute of Materials Research, Tohoku University, University of Virginia, Cavendish Laboratory, Asahi Kasei R\&D Center, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198 and CREST-JST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad 211019, INDIA, Iowa State University Ames Lab-USDOE, MUCAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory of US-DOE, U. Tennessee-Knoxville; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TU-Berlin, Dept Physics; U. Texas Austin, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, National Central University, BESSY, Berlin, Germany, Linköping University, DELTA, TU Dortmund, Germany, LBNL, Berkeley, USA; University of California, Davis, USA; Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, LBNL, Berkeley, USA, IBM Almaden, USA, IBM Research Division, T.J. Watson Research Center, National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, University of Edinburgh, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Northwestern U, Friedrich Miescher Inst., Basel, IQOQI; Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, IQOQI, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Max-Planck-Institut f\&#034;ur Kernphysik, LLNL, LLBL, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Livermore National Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, NHRF, Greece, IMR, Tohoku Univ., FSU/NHMFL, University of Tennessee and ORNL, ORNL, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, Osaka University, Japan, NIST and University of Maryland, Chalk River Laboratories, Canada, Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK, H.H Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, ALS, Berkeley, Tohoku, Japan, SSRL, Stanford and ALS, Berkeley, Inst. of Mat. Res.,Tohoku Univ, Japan, SSRL, Stanford and Mat. and Struc. Lab,TIT, Japan, SSRL, Stanford and ALS, LBNL, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, ALS, National Lawrence Bekerley Lab, Stanford Univeristy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, IPPT Warsaw, Poland, Clarkson University, Harvard SEAS and Department of Physics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard SEAS, Harvard Physics, Dept. of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Dept. of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, and Dept. of Chemistry, Northwestern University, PMMH, ESPCI, LPS ENS, Department of Mathematics, MIT, Florida Atlantic University, CAMD/LSU, Univ. of North Texas, Center of X-Ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U. California San Diego, U. Michigan, CREST, The University of Tokyo, IT Convergence \& Components Lab, Max-Planck-Institut, University of California at Berkeley, California, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, James Franck Institute/University of Chicago, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, London, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Spain, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain, University of Missouri, Columbia, Oak Ridge National Lab., Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens OH 45701 USA, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physics Department, Materials Research and Engineering Center, and Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, University of South Florida, Penn State Univ., Oxford Univ., NCNR, UMD/NIST Center for Neutron Research, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Pacific Lutheran University, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, USA, Almaden Research Center, IBM, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, Polymers Division, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of California San Diego, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM, Division of Integrated Molecular Engineering, Chem. Res. Lab., Tokyo Institute of Technology, JST-PRESTO, INFM-CNR, Modena, Italy, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Hebrew University, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, HP labs, Palo Alto, University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Augsburg, Moscow State Steel and Alloys Inst, Russia, Bar-Ilan Univ, Israel, Hebrew Univ, Israel, Department of Physics and NHMFL, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Moscow 117936, Russia, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg MD 20899, Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Russia, Institute of Solid State and Semiconductor Physics, Belarus, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Ames Laboratory US-DOE and Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA, Department of Mathematics/Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Department of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Department of Mathematics/Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of California at Irvine, Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3046, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China, Low Energy Nuclear Laboratory, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, Department of Theoretical Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois, Physics Department, Univ. of Maryland, Physics Department, UCSB, Physics Department, Yale, NEST-CNR-INFM and Scuola Normale Superiore I-56126 Pisa, Italy, Physics Department, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX 77005 USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA, MPI for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Physics Department, Princeton University, Chemistry Department, Princeton University, CEA-Grenoble, DRFMC/SPSMS/IMAPEC, Pohang University, Korea, Mechanical Metrology Group, Division of Physical Metrology, KRISS, Korea, Physics, University of Texas at Austin, PSU USA, CAS P.R.C, PKU P.R.C, Cornell Univeristy, NI-AIST, Magnetic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, RIKEN/ Univ. Tokyo, Inst. Chem. Research, Kyoto Univ., Dept. of Phys. and Astronomy, Rutgers Univ., RIKEN (Inst. Phys. and Chem. Research), National Laboratory for Superconductivity, Institute of Physics and Center for Condensed Mater Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Division of Engineering, Brown University, University of California - Santa Cruz, Rowland Institute and Harvard University, Dept. of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Chung-li, Taiwan

  • Chih-Chung Chang

    Department of Physics and NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Argonne Natl. Lab, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, NIST, Harvard University Dept. of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University Dept. of Physics, Brigham Young University, Sandia National laboratories, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dep. of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Dep. of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Microelectronic Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Texas Instruments, ANL, Argonne, IL 60439, USA, Ioffe PTI, St Petersburg, 194021, Russia, Naval Research Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Vanderbilt University \& Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University \& Penn State Erie, Vanderbilt University, Georgia Institute of Technology, NEU, UCSD, Ariel Inc., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Northwestern University, Northwestern University Synchrotron Research Center, The University of Tokyo, KAST, KAST, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, CHINA, Oakland University, Dept. of Chemistry, Kyoto Univ., IMR, Tohoku University, CREST-JST, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Max Planck Institute for Feskorperforshung, Stuttgart, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics, Univ. of Tokyo, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, HMI Berlin, Germany., Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, UK., Royal Holloway, University of London, UK., ISIS Facility, UK., HMI Berlin and Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany, CEA Saclay, France., University of Alberta Physics Dept, and National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton AB Canada, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, UC Irvine, Univ. of Ioannina, Greece, Palacky Univ., Czech Republic, Columbia University, Dept of Solid State Physics, Lund Univ, Dept of Physics and Sch of Eng and App Sci, Harvard Univ, Dept of Physics, ETH, Dept of Physics, Harvard Univ, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, Institut de Mineralogie et Physique des Milieux Condenses, Paris, France, FPRD Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea, University of Southern California, Univ. of Illinois, Physics Department of UCLA, Department of Electrical Engineering, UC Berkley, Waseda University, Stanford University, Weizmann Institute, Sandia National Laboratories, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Canada, Peking University, University of California, Davis, NHMFL, Tallahassee, LANL, Stanford, UCLA, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Occidental College, Dept. of Chemistry, M.I.T., Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg, France, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA, Lebedev Physics Institute 117924 Moscow Russia, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemestry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Depts. of Physics and Applied Physics, Columbia Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Yale Univ., Dept. of Applied Physics, Yale Univ., University of California, Los Angeles, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, NREL, Golden, CO 80401, Corning, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Sandia National Labs, The University of Akron, Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Univ. of Notre Dame, IN, Ben-Gurion University, Dept of Physics, UC San Diego, Dept of Physics, Northern Illinois Univ., Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Dept of Mat. Sci. and Eng., Stony Brook University, University Rostock, Institute of Physics, Uniplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Eng., Northwestern University, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Physics Department, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany, Walther Meissner Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Garching, Germany, Yale Applied Physics, Yale University Applied Physics, NIST Boulder, Toyota Central R\&D Labs., Inc., CREST, Toyota Central R\&D Labs., Inc., Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Univ. Toronto, Argonne National Lab, Univ. California Berkely, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Brookhaven National Lab, ESRF, NU, Tohoku Univ., Japan, JASRI/SPring-8, Japan, NU and AGH, Poland, NU and Delft University of Technology, Boston College, Institute of Physics and National Lab for Condensed Matter Physics China, Northeastern U., Stanford U. and LBNL, LBNL, U. of Tokyo, Stanford U. and TIT Japan, Chinese Acad. of Sci., Osaka U., CRIEPI Japan, Stanford U. and U. of Tokyo, Northeastern U. and TUT Finland, University of California, Santa Cruz, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Ames Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of British Columbia, UC Berkeley, LBNL, Ohio State University, Nagoya University, Tokyo University, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Aoyama Gakuin University, Department of Subatomic and radiation physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, U.S.A., Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica Taiwan, Dept. of Physics, University of Toronto, University of Massachusetts Amherst, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Florida State University, ITP, Beijing, Kent State University, Case Western Reserve University, Harvey Mudd College, University of Pittsburgh, MSC/PARIS, LPS/ORSAY, PPMD/ESPCI, Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02142, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, ETH Zurich, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, University of Toronto, Canada, Argonne National Laboratory, USA, University of Seoul, Korea, K-JIST, Korea, N. Illinois University, UC Berkeley, Cornell University, University of Washington, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA, Institute of Applied Physics, University of Hamburg, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany, Sarnoff Corporation, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Seoul National University, HCEI, ITEP, PVI, Oxnard CA, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey, NEST-CNR-INFM and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy, Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, University of California Santa Barbara, Institute for Quantum and Complex Dynamics, University of California Santa Barbara, University of Oklahoma, University of Florida, New York University, NCNR, NIST, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Dresden, Germany, NVE, Eden Prairie MN, NIST, Gaithersburg MD, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China, Oak Ridge National Lab., Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, TN, Applied Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo,Japan, Chemistry Dept., Univ. at Stony Brook, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY, Physics Dept., Univ. at Buffalo (UB), SUNY, Buffalo, NY, University of Kentucky, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA, Tulane University, USA, University of Kassel, Tulane University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Florida International University, Miami, University of St. Andrews, Cornell University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, TU, ANL, Tulane University (TU), University of St. Andrews, UK, University of St. Andrews, UK, Cornell University, University of Tulsa, City University of Hong Kong, ICP, University of Stuttgart, Germany, Numerical Rocks AS, Norway, StatoilHydro ASA, Norway, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, National High Magnetic Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM, ECE Dept., Rice University, Houston, TX, Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Japan, Rice University, University of Rochester, RPI, Virginia Commonwealth Univ, US Army Corps of Engineers, PSN, COBRA, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands, TFVS, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium, VSM, KU Leuven, Belgium, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Washington University, Bell Labs, Symphony Acoustics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Dept. of Physics, Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200433, P. R. China, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, Dept. of Physics, Kyung Hee Univ., Seoul 130-701, Korea, University of California, San Diego, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, Physics Department, University of California, San Diego and University of South Florida, Physics Department, University of California, San Diego and Cornell University, Kangwon National University, University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens OH 45701 USA., Tokyo Institute of Technology, JAIST, Neutron Scattering Science Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge,TN, NIST-NCNR Gaithersberg,MD, University of Houston, Princeton University, University of Tennessee, Pusan National University, Dept. of Physics, Waseda University, TCSUH and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Tohoku University, Soongsil University, RIKEN, The Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, RIKEN (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako 351-0198, Japan, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan, Chemistry, University of Utah, North Dakota State University, University of North Dakota, Dept. of Physics \& Interdisciplinary Program of Intergrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Korea, Dept. of Physics, Northern Illinois University, Advanced Photon Source, ANL, Dept. of Physics, University of California at San Diego, ULP Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22, Strasbourg, France, P.U. Catolica Chile, U. Mo.-Columbia, Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Boston University, Universidade de Lisboa, Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, Mississippi State University, University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, Dept. of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at UC, Department of Applied Physics and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, Department of Physics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Germany, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom, Laboratorie de Physique des Solides, Universite Paris-Sud, Bat 510, UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA 94025, Pennsylvania State University, Zhejiang University, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,Japan, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Chemistry and Materials Science Divisions, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Argonne National Laboratory, Clark University, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Alberta, Kyoto University, Japan, Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA, Institute of Physics and National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing, China, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831,USA, Osaka Pref. Univ. \& JST-CREST, SRL-ISTEC, Osaka Pref. Univ., Department of Physics and Astronomy, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook NY, USA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS, USA, D-Wave Systems Inc., 100-4401 Still Creek Dr., Burnaby, BC V5C 6G9, Canada, University of north Dakota, UC Berkeley/ LBNL, Harvard University, University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Tapei, Taiwan, Oersted-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Calgary, Lund University, Tampere University of Technology, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California, San Diego, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Israel, LPTMS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Dept of Physics, UMass Amherst, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Institut de Ci\`encia de Materials de Barcelona-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain, Nanjing University, Rutgers University, MV Systems, Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, University of Utah, National Energy Renewable Laboratory, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, University of Maryland, NIST-Gaithersburg, NASA, The John F. Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, UCSB, Harvard, Princeton, MIT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, University of Pennsylvania, NTT BRL, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, 243-0198, Japan, Faculty of Eng., GSIST and CRIS (SOUSEI), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; $^{1}$CREST, JST, University of Regensburg, UBC, IMEC (Belgium), University of North Florida, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, University of Manchester, The University of Chicago, APS, Argonne National Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Oregon, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 609-735 Korea, Texas A\&M University, JHU, University of South Carolina, Johns Hopkins University, Dpto. Fisica Atomica Molecular y Nuclear and GISC, U. Complutense, Madrid, Spain, Dpto. Fisica, U. Oviedo, Spain, IMMM, CNM, CSIC, Tres Cantos, Spain, Inst. Neel, CNRS and U. Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France, Ames Lab and Iowa State University, University of Texas at Austin, University of Cologne, Germany, National Synchrotron Radiation Reasearch Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Greoble, France, University of Cologne, RIKEN and CREST, Saitama, Japan and University of Tokyo, Japan, RIKEN and CREST, Saitama, Japan, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kirenskii Institute, Siberia, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, NAMS, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Deparment of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA, Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea, CSCMR \& FPRD, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Korea, ReCOE \& FPRD, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Korea, Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Mexico., TASC-INFM-CNR National Laboratory, Trieste, Italy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, ILL, Grenoble, Universite de la Mediterranee, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, The Molecular Foundary, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Univ. Brasilia, Rutgers University (Department of Physics), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NCNR), U. Maryland (Materials Science and Engineering), Brookhaven National Lab, NIST, UNLV, IFW, Dresden, Tech. Univ. Vienna, Department of Physics, Occidental College, Ames Laboratory/Iowa State University, Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Medical College of Wisconsin, Tampere University of Technology, Finland, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, CSC -- Finnish IT Center for Science, Esbo, Finland, Florida State University, UCSB/KAIST, BGU, NHK Laboratories, Tokyo, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Physics Dept., SUNY at Buffalo, Univ. Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati, The Ohio State University, University of Cinncinati, University of Chicago, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University of Oregon, Correlated Electron Research Center, National Synchrotron Light Source, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, Oak Ridge National Lab, EME/CeRMAE/IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Physics, Polish Acad. of Sci., Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02668 Warszawa, Poland, Institut de Ci\`encia de Materials de Barcelona-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, University of Central Florida, Ames laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, USA, Department of Physics and Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea, Materials Science and Engineering Dep., U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, MPI for Microstructure Physics, AMPEL, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden CO-80401, Kyma Technologies, Inc., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Lehigh University, Army Research Laboratory, University of California, Riverside, Brandeis University, Hampton University, Quantum Information Group, Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI), Viale Settimio Severo 65, I-10133 Torino, Italy, Univ. of Southern Califor., Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy, Quantum Information Group, Institute for Scientific, Quantum Information Group, Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI), Viale Settimio Severo 65, I-10133 Torino, Italy, Saint Anselm College, The University of Texas at Austin, CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 56, E-2009 Donostia, Basque Country, Spain, Materia Kondentsatuaren Fisika Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, PO 644, E-48080 Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain, Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, LASSP, Cornell University, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, University of Cambridge, University of Wuerzburg, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS-UMR8502, Universite de Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France, Department of Physics, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, PUC-RJ, Universiteit Antwerpen, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\&#039;isicas, ECE, University of Illinois at Chicago, Departamento de F\&#039;isica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Louisiana State University, University of Colorado, Boulder, LEM, CNRS-ONERA, 29 Av. de la Division Leclerc, BP72, 92322 Ch\^atillon Cedex, France, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Menlo Park, Materials, Physics, and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Departments, University of California, Santa Barbara, Universita di Milano, University of Colorado, Laboratoire de Physique, ENS Lyon, Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, Chemical Engineering \& Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Physics, Miami University, Universidad de Barcelona, Universidad Nacional, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Gakushuin Univ., Inst. Mater. Str. Sci., KEK, Inst. Chem. Res., Kyoto Univ., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics, and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, Bell labs, Alcatel-Lucent, Lake Shore Cryotronics, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada, Intematix Corporation, Purdue University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston college, Aegis Technology, Inc., 3300A Westminster Ave., Santa Ana, CA 92703, SUNY Buffalo, University of Texas Southwestern, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (on leave from CONICET, FI-UNER, Argentina), LBNL, UCB, UCB, LBNL, National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO 80401, University at Buffalo, SUNY, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, USA, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, ISSP, Univ. of Tokyo, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hahn-Meitner Institute, Univ. of Virginia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People&#039;s Republic of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People&#039;s Republic of China., Augsburg University, Northern Arizona University, CNM \& MSD, Argonne National Laboratory, Department of Physics, UIUC, HFIR, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Paul Scherrer Institut, Paul Scherrer Insitut, Swiss Light Source, University of Michigan, Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, NIST, Center for Neutron Research, Advance Photon Source, Argonne National Lab., IBM Watson Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, Honda R.I., G\&#034;oteborg University, Duke University, Honda Research Institute USA Inc., UIUC, The University of Arkansas, The University of Central Florida, Queen Mary University of London, UK, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, University of Coimbra, Portugal, LPTMC, UPMC Paris, France, Goldman Sachs, National Insitute for Materials Science, Yukawa Institute of Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK, Univ. of Tsukuba and JST-CREST, RIKEN, Tokyo TECH, and JST-CREST, RIKEN, AIST, and JST-CREST, NC State University, Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, D-86135Augsburg, Germany, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, RAL ISIS, CSEC Univ. Edinburgh, University of Tokyo, CERC-AIST, Osaka University, JAEA, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, VTT Biotechnology, Finland, Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Center for Functional Materials and Department of Physics, Abo Akademi, Finland, University of California at Berkeley, Ohio University, Physics and Astronomy Department, Athens, OH 45701, Humboldt-Universit\&#034;at zu Berlin, Institut f. Physik, Newtonstra{\ss}e 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Penn State University, University of Vienna, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chair of Solid State Physics, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory, IL 60439, Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C., Dpto. Fisica Mat. Condensada, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, LPM, Univ. Henri Poincare, France, Dpt. of Physics, Univ. of Basel, Switzerland, MPQ, CNRS, France, Department of Biology, New York University, Stanford University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, EPFL, Switzerland, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, Fribourg University, Physics Department, Switzerland, Center for Materials for Information Technology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487 USA, School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406 USA, Submillimeter-Wave Technology Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simon Fraser University, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials, Rutgers University, Dep. of Phys. POSTECH, School of Phys. and Astron., Seoul National University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Dep. of Phys., Chonnam National University, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette IN, USA, AGH-UST, Krakow, Poland, IWF, University of Tokyo, University of New South Wales, HASYLAB/DESY, University of Hamburg, ETRI in Korea, POSTECH, POSTEC, Tohoku Univ., Kyoto Univ., Stanford U. and SLAC, UC Davis, Yonsei U., Stanford U., U. Waterloo, AIST Tsukuba, School of Physics and Center for Strongly Correlated Materials Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima University, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo University of Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama Kanagawa, Japan, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, U Tennessee, Knoxville \& ORNL, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Universit\&#039;e de Sherbrooke, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA, CRIEPI, University Tennessee and ORNL, Forschungsneutronenquelle FRM-II, University of Missouri - Columbia, [1] LPEM, ESPCI, Paris, France, [2] CNAM, Univ of Maryland, USA, [1] INSP, Paris, France, [1,2,3], Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY 11973, USA, Universite Paris 12 and CNRS UPR5-ESPCI, Paris, France, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA, ISIR, Osaka University, CRIEPI, Japan, Materials Research Department, Risoe National Laboratory, DTU, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, Canadian Light Source, SK S7N 0X4, Canada, Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 and DMR NSF, Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, Department of Physics, Kent State University, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Stowers Institute for Medical Research, University of New Orleans, American Institute of Physics, Dalhousie University, Boise State University, University of Guelph, St. Francis Xavier University, Physics Department and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Oregon State University, Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA, Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Physique Theorique des Materiaux, Universite de Liege, Belgium, DPMC, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA, 94720, Dept. of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent, Delft Univ. of Technology, Dept. of Applied Physics, International Center of Condensed Matter Physics, Brasilia, Physics Dept., City College of the City Univ. of New York, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, The City College of New York, University of Minnesota, Endocrinology Consultants Center, 670 Crossover Rd. Tupelo, MS, 38801, Dept. of Phys, and the ICET, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul 151-747, Korea, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China, University of Missouri, Applied Material Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, Center for Computational Material Science, Vienna University of Technology, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, NCEM, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, Nancy Universite, France, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies San Jose Research Center, Physics Dept., University of California at Berkeley, Groupe NanoMateriaux, CEMES-CNRS, Toulouse, France, Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, Rutgers Univ., Okayama University, Osaka Prefecture University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN, Institut fuer Festkoerperforschung, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Departamento de Fisica, UFMG, Brazil, Berkeley University, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies Inc., Murray Hill, NJ 07974, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, Materials Department, University of California at Santa Barbara, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, The University of Maryland, Ames Laboratory, USDOE, MST-6, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Astronom\&#039;ia Optica y Electr\&#039;onica, Dept. of Physics, University of York, U.K., Dept. of Physics, University of York, York, U.K., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Spain, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, UC Santa Barbara, Kyoto University, Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador BA, Brasil, Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Matrials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champiagn, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Matrials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, ETSF, CNISM, and Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Universit\`a di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, IT, ETSF and CNISM, UdR Milano-Bicocca, Milano, IT, Cavendish Laborator, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Instituto de Microelectronica de Madrid, CSIC, Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, University of Georgia, Department of Physics, Lakehead University, The University of Georgia, USA, Institution for Experimental Physics V, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, Department of Physics and Center for Materials Research and Technology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, Dept. of Polymer Science and Engr., Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, University of California, Irvine, Kansas State University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, Ion Reaction Laboratory, Dep. of Nuclear Medicine \& Radiobiology, Univ. of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Griffith University, UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany, Dept. of Applied Physics and JST-CREST, Univ. Tokyo, Dept. of Applied Physics, Univ. Tokyo, University of Missouri-Rolla, Central Japan Railways Company, Ooyama, Japan, Materials Science Department, Ohio State University, CNR-IMEM, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy, CNR-INFM-LAMIA, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy, FSU, ASU, University of Geneva, University of Rome ``La Sapienza&#034;, University of California at Diego, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Institut Laue-Langevin, France, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Okayama University, Japan, University of Notre Dame, National High Magnetic Field Lab, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, ISIR, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan, Department of Physics, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, California Institute of Technology, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Bucknell University, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, CERC, CREST, Research Centre Juelich, Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, NREL, Univ. Cal. Los Angeles, Hiden Isochema, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Physics, eMRI, Dept. of Physics and Nanomedicine Consortium, Northeastern University, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UC Riverside, Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, UC Santa Barbara, Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, II. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Physics Department, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, Physics Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, Physics Dept., Texas A\&M Univ., College Station, TX, , Institute of Physics, Acad. of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Physics Dept. Univ. at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, McGill University, Beijing University of Technology, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., The University of Queensland, Chinese Academy of Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, UC San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA, Technology Solutions Organization, Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Chandler AZ 85224, USA, Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, 164 40 Kista, Sweden, ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park MD, ERATO-JST, Univ. Tokyo, and RIKEN, Univ. Tokyo and RIKEN, Multiferroics Project, ERATO, JST and Univ. Tokyo, Univ. Tokyo, Multiferroics Project, ERATO, JST, ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11, 0QX United Kingdom, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Glienicker Str. 100, Berlin D-14109, Germany, Ames Laboratory and Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State Univ., Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, MRSEC, Department of Physics. University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, ERATO-MF, IMR, Tohoku University, IMRAM, Tohoku University, Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Hahn-Meitner-Institute, Glienicker Str.~100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands, Department of Applied Physics. University of Tokyo, CERC, CREST, Department of Physics and Institute for Basic Science Research, Sungkyunkwan University, Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory, RIKEN, Dept. of Physics and Applied Physics, Columbia Univ., LPS, Universit\&#039;e Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Chungnam National University, Konkuk University, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, Centre de Physique Mol\&#039;eculaire Optique et Hertzienne, Universit\&#039;e Bordeaux (France), Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston ,Texas, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Argonne Nat. Lab., Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany, Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, BNL, CCNY, CRMCN-CNRS, Marseille, Francia, E\&E Dept. UCLA, FENA, WIN, CNSI, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Univ. of Tokyo, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Physics Division, BCPS Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, IN2UB-U.Barcelona, ESRF-Grenoble, ICMA-CSIC and U. 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U. 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Lab., Chicago State University, Stevens Institute of Technology, Kingsborough College of CUNY, Drew University, SUNY Maritime, Fordham University, Department of Physics, NTU, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Center for General Education, Tainan University of, Dept of Physics, University of Florida, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Florida, Dept. of Physics, University of Florida, MS\&MS Dept., Rice University, 6100 Main street, Houston TX 770005, Physics Department, G\&#034;oteborg University, SE-412 96, G\&#034;oteborg, Sweden, Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland, MS\&MS Dept., Rice University, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Norfolk State University, Department of Physics and the Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong, Hong Kong, China, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Air Force Research Lab/ WPAFB, Raith GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, Technische Universitaet Dortmund, Experimentelle Physik\,I, Germany, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Rochester, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, EPFL, Lausanne, University of Fribourg, Physics Department, University Louis Pasteur, France, Seoul University, Abbott Laboratories, Chemical and Nuclear Engineerng Department, Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Bayreuth Physical chemistry II, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, MPI fuer Kolloid- und Grenzflaechenforschung, Am Muehlenberg, 14424 Potsdam, Univ. of Delaware, Chemical Engineering, NIST, Polymers, LyondellBasell Industries, University of Akron, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Institut Charles Saudron, Dept of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, U of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440, Department of Physics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63160, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545, Department of Physics, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63160, Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, GRASP, Physics Department, University of Li\`ege, B-4000 Li\`ege,, Argonne National Lab., Sogang Univ. Korea, SUNY, Binghamton, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France, California State Univ, Los Angeles, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Georgia Tech., Atlanta, GA, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Hanyang University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Tokyo, CREST, JST, and CERC, AIST, CERC, AIST and CREST, JST, Ben-Gurion University and RTRA project, LPS and CEA, KEK, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, RIKEN, Japan, Colby College, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., University of Nevada, Las Vegas, JST, NEC, Meijo Univ, Fujita Health Univ., JST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, c/o NEC Corporation, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Columbia Univ., Dept. of Physics, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, Korea., Dept. of Elec. Engr., University of Florida, Dept. of Chem., University of Florida, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Dept. of Elect. Engr., University of Florida, Dept. of Materials Sci. \& Engineering, University of Florida, Boston University, ECE, Boston University, Department of Physics, BK21 Physics Division, Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory \& Department of Physics, POSTECH, Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea, Sogang University, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, Center for Computational Materials Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, Institute for theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany, Departament de Quimica Inorganica and Institut de Recerca de Quimica Teorica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647,08028, University of Sussex, UK, Department of Physics, Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Faculty of Physics, University Vienna, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany, JILA/NIST/University of Colorado, JILA/University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. and U. of Tennessee, Microsoft Project Q, U. of California at Santa Barbara, Inst. for Theoretical Physics C, RWTH Aachen, Germany, Ohio U., U. of Florida, Ohio Univerisity, CNRS and Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France, Waseda Univ., JST-ERATO, Physics Department, University of South Florida, Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Germany, Institute of Materials Research, Tohoku University, University of Virginia, Cavendish Laboratory, Asahi Kasei R\&D Center, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198 and CREST-JST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad 211019, INDIA, Iowa State University Ames Lab-USDOE, MUCAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory of US-DOE, U. Tennessee-Knoxville; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TU-Berlin, Dept Physics; U. Texas Austin, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, National Central University, BESSY, Berlin, Germany, Linköping University, DELTA, TU Dortmund, Germany, LBNL, Berkeley, USA; University of California, Davis, USA; Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, LBNL, Berkeley, USA, IBM Almaden, USA, IBM Research Division, T.J. Watson Research Center, National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, University of Edinburgh, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Northwestern U, Friedrich Miescher Inst., Basel, IQOQI; Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, IQOQI, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Max-Planck-Institut f\&#034;ur Kernphysik, LLNL, LLBL, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Livermore National Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, NHRF, Greece, IMR, Tohoku Univ., FSU/NHMFL, University of Tennessee and ORNL, ORNL, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, Osaka University, Japan, NIST and University of Maryland, Chalk River Laboratories, Canada, Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK, H.H Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, ALS, Berkeley, Tohoku, Japan, SSRL, Stanford and ALS, Berkeley, Inst. of Mat. Res.,Tohoku Univ, Japan, SSRL, Stanford and Mat. and Struc. Lab,TIT, Japan, SSRL, Stanford and ALS, LBNL, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, ALS, National Lawrence Bekerley Lab, Stanford Univeristy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, IPPT Warsaw, Poland, Clarkson University, Harvard SEAS and Department of Physics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard SEAS, Harvard Physics, Dept. of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Dept. of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, and Dept. of Chemistry, Northwestern University, PMMH, ESPCI, LPS ENS, Department of Mathematics, MIT, Florida Atlantic University, CAMD/LSU, Univ. of North Texas, Center of X-Ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U. California San Diego, U. Michigan, CREST, The University of Tokyo, IT Convergence \& Components Lab, Max-Planck-Institut, University of California at Berkeley, California, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, James Franck Institute/University of Chicago, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, London, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Spain, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain, University of Missouri, Columbia, Oak Ridge National Lab., Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens OH 45701 USA, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physics Department, Materials Research and Engineering Center, and Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, University of South Florida, Penn State Univ., Oxford Univ., NCNR, UMD/NIST Center for Neutron Research, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Pacific Lutheran University, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, USA, Almaden Research Center, IBM, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, Polymers Division, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of California San Diego, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM, Division of Integrated Molecular Engineering, Chem. Res. Lab., Tokyo Institute of Technology, JST-PRESTO, INFM-CNR, Modena, Italy, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Hebrew University, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, HP labs, Palo Alto, University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Augsburg, Moscow State Steel and Alloys Inst, Russia, Bar-Ilan Univ, Israel, Hebrew Univ, Israel, Department of Physics and NHMFL, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Moscow 117936, Russia, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg MD 20899, Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Russia, Institute of Solid State and Semiconductor Physics, Belarus, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Ames Laboratory US-DOE and Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA, Department of Mathematics/Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Department of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Department of Mathematics/Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of California at Irvine, Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3046, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China, Low Energy Nuclear Laboratory, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, Department of Theoretical Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois, Physics Department, Univ. of Maryland, Physics Department, UCSB, Physics Department, Yale, NEST-CNR-INFM and Scuola Normale Superiore I-56126 Pisa, Italy, Physics Department, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX 77005 USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA, MPI for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Physics Department, Princeton University, Chemistry Department, Princeton University, CEA-Grenoble, DRFMC/SPSMS/IMAPEC, Pohang University, Korea, Mechanical Metrology Group, Division of Physical Metrology, KRISS, Korea, Physics, University of Texas at Austin, PSU USA, CAS P.R.C, PKU P.R.C, Cornell Univeristy, NI-AIST, Magnetic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, RIKEN/ Univ. Tokyo, Inst. Chem. Research, Kyoto Univ., Dept. of Phys. and Astronomy, Rutgers Univ., RIKEN (Inst. Phys. and Chem. Research), National Laboratory for Superconductivity, Institute of Physics and Center for Condensed Mater Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Division of Engineering, Brown University, University of California - Santa Cruz, Rowland Institute and Harvard University, Dept. of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Chung-li, Taiwan

  • Chih-Chung Chang

    Department of Physics and NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Argonne Natl. Lab, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, NIST, Harvard University Dept. of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University Dept. of Physics, Brigham Young University, Sandia National laboratories, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dep. of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Dep. of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Microelectronic Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Texas Instruments, ANL, Argonne, IL 60439, USA, Ioffe PTI, St Petersburg, 194021, Russia, Naval Research Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 Canada, Vanderbilt University \& Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University \& Penn State Erie, Vanderbilt University, Georgia Institute of Technology, NEU, UCSD, Ariel Inc., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Northwestern University, Northwestern University Synchrotron Research Center, The University of Tokyo, KAST, KAST, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, CHINA, Oakland University, Dept. of Chemistry, Kyoto Univ., IMR, Tohoku University, CREST-JST, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Max Planck Institute for Feskorperforshung, Stuttgart, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics, Univ. of Tokyo, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, HMI Berlin, Germany., Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, UK., Royal Holloway, University of London, UK., ISIS Facility, UK., HMI Berlin and Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany, CEA Saclay, France., University of Alberta Physics Dept, and National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton AB Canada, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, UC Irvine, Univ. of Ioannina, Greece, Palacky Univ., Czech Republic, Columbia University, Dept of Solid State Physics, Lund Univ, Dept of Physics and Sch of Eng and App Sci, Harvard Univ, Dept of Physics, ETH, Dept of Physics, Harvard Univ, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, Institut de Mineralogie et Physique des Milieux Condenses, Paris, France, FPRD Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea, University of Southern California, Univ. of Illinois, Physics Department of UCLA, Department of Electrical Engineering, UC Berkley, Waseda University, Stanford University, Weizmann Institute, Sandia National Laboratories, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Canada, Peking University, University of California, Davis, NHMFL, Tallahassee, LANL, Stanford, UCLA, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Occidental College, Dept. of Chemistry, M.I.T., Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg, France, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA, Lebedev Physics Institute 117924 Moscow Russia, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemestry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, Depts. of Physics and Applied Physics, Columbia Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Yale Univ., Dept. of Applied Physics, Yale Univ., University of California, Los Angeles, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, NREL, Golden, CO 80401, Corning, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Sandia National Labs, The University of Akron, Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Univ. of Notre Dame, IN, Ben-Gurion University, Dept of Physics, UC San Diego, Dept of Physics, Northern Illinois Univ., Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Dept of Mat. Sci. and Eng., Stony Brook University, University Rostock, Institute of Physics, Uniplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany, Dept. of Chemical and Biological Eng., Northwestern University, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Physics Department, Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany, Walther Meissner Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Garching, Germany, Yale Applied Physics, Yale University Applied Physics, NIST Boulder, Toyota Central R\&D Labs., Inc., CREST, Toyota Central R\&D Labs., Inc., Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Univ. Toronto, Argonne National Lab, Univ. California Berkely, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Brookhaven National Lab, ESRF, NU, Tohoku Univ., Japan, JASRI/SPring-8, Japan, NU and AGH, Poland, NU and Delft University of Technology, Boston College, Institute of Physics and National Lab for Condensed Matter Physics China, Northeastern U., Stanford U. and LBNL, LBNL, U. of Tokyo, Stanford U. and TIT Japan, Chinese Acad. of Sci., Osaka U., CRIEPI Japan, Stanford U. and U. of Tokyo, Northeastern U. and TUT Finland, University of California, Santa Cruz, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Ames Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of British Columbia, UC Berkeley, LBNL, Ohio State University, Nagoya University, Tokyo University, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Aoyama Gakuin University, Department of Subatomic and radiation physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Center for Theoretical Physics, Sloane Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, U.S.A., Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica Taiwan, Dept. of Physics, University of Toronto, University of Massachusetts Amherst, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Florida State University, ITP, Beijing, Kent State University, Case Western Reserve University, Harvey Mudd College, University of Pittsburgh, MSC/PARIS, LPS/ORSAY, PPMD/ESPCI, Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02142, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, ETH Zurich, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, University of Toronto, Canada, Argonne National Laboratory, USA, University of Seoul, Korea, K-JIST, Korea, N. Illinois University, UC Berkeley, Cornell University, University of Washington, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA, Institute of Applied Physics, University of Hamburg, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany, Sarnoff Corporation, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Seoul National University, HCEI, ITEP, PVI, Oxnard CA, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey, NEST-CNR-INFM and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy, Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, University of California Santa Barbara, Institute for Quantum and Complex Dynamics, University of California Santa Barbara, University of Oklahoma, University of Florida, New York University, NCNR, NIST, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Dresden, Germany, NVE, Eden Prairie MN, NIST, Gaithersburg MD, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China, Oak Ridge National Lab., Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, TN, Applied Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo,Japan, Chemistry Dept., Univ. at Stony Brook, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY, Physics Dept., Univ. at Buffalo (UB), SUNY, Buffalo, NY, University of Kentucky, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA, Tulane University, USA, University of Kassel, Tulane University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Florida International University, Miami, University of St. Andrews, Cornell University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, TU, ANL, Tulane University (TU), University of St. Andrews, UK, University of St. Andrews, UK, Cornell University, University of Tulsa, City University of Hong Kong, ICP, University of Stuttgart, Germany, Numerical Rocks AS, Norway, StatoilHydro ASA, Norway, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, National High Magnetic Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM, ECE Dept., Rice University, Houston, TX, Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Japan, Rice University, University of Rochester, RPI, Virginia Commonwealth Univ, US Army Corps of Engineers, PSN, COBRA, TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands, TFVS, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium, VSM, KU Leuven, Belgium, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Washington University, Bell Labs, Symphony Acoustics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Dept. of Physics, Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200433, P. R. China, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, Dept. of Physics, Kyung Hee Univ., Seoul 130-701, Korea, University of California, San Diego, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, Physics Department, University of California, San Diego and University of South Florida, Physics Department, University of California, San Diego and Cornell University, Kangwon National University, University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens OH 45701 USA., Tokyo Institute of Technology, JAIST, Neutron Scattering Science Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge,TN, NIST-NCNR Gaithersberg,MD, University of Houston, Princeton University, University of Tennessee, Pusan National University, Dept. of Physics, Waseda University, TCSUH and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Tohoku University, Soongsil University, RIKEN, The Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, RIKEN (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako 351-0198, Japan, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan, Chemistry, University of Utah, North Dakota State University, University of North Dakota, Dept. of Physics \& Interdisciplinary Program of Intergrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Korea, Dept. of Physics, Northern Illinois University, Advanced Photon Source, ANL, Dept. of Physics, University of California at San Diego, ULP Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22, Strasbourg, France, P.U. Catolica Chile, U. Mo.-Columbia, Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Boston University, Universidade de Lisboa, Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, Mississippi State University, University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, Dept. of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at UC, Department of Applied Physics and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, Department of Physics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Germany, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom, Laboratorie de Physique des Solides, Universite Paris-Sud, Bat 510, UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA 94025, Pennsylvania State University, Zhejiang University, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,Japan, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Chemistry and Materials Science Divisions, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Argonne National Laboratory, Clark University, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Alberta, Kyoto University, Japan, Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA, Institute of Physics and National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing, China, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831,USA, Osaka Pref. Univ. \& JST-CREST, SRL-ISTEC, Osaka Pref. Univ., Department of Physics and Astronomy, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook NY, USA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence KS, USA, D-Wave Systems Inc., 100-4401 Still Creek Dr., Burnaby, BC V5C 6G9, Canada, University of north Dakota, UC Berkeley/ LBNL, Harvard University, University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Tapei, Taiwan, Oersted-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Calgary, Lund University, Tampere University of Technology, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California, San Diego, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Israel, LPTMS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Dept of Physics, UMass Amherst, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Institut de Ci\`encia de Materials de Barcelona-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain, Nanjing University, Rutgers University, MV Systems, Golden, CO, Colorado School of Mines, University of Utah, National Energy Renewable Laboratory, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, University of Maryland, NIST-Gaithersburg, NASA, The John F. Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, UCSB, Harvard, Princeton, MIT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, University of Pennsylvania, NTT BRL, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, 243-0198, Japan, Faculty of Eng., GSIST and CRIS (SOUSEI), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; $^{1}$CREST, JST, University of Regensburg, UBC, IMEC (Belgium), University of North Florida, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, University of Manchester, The University of Chicago, APS, Argonne National Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Oregon, College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 609-735 Korea, Texas A\&M University, JHU, University of South Carolina, Johns Hopkins University, Dpto. Fisica Atomica Molecular y Nuclear and GISC, U. Complutense, Madrid, Spain, Dpto. Fisica, U. Oviedo, Spain, IMMM, CNM, CSIC, Tres Cantos, Spain, Inst. Neel, CNRS and U. Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France, Ames Lab and Iowa State University, University of Texas at Austin, University of Cologne, Germany, National Synchrotron Radiation Reasearch Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Greoble, France, University of Cologne, RIKEN and CREST, Saitama, Japan and University of Tokyo, Japan, RIKEN and CREST, Saitama, Japan, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kirenskii Institute, Siberia, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, NAMS, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Deparment of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA, Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea, CSCMR \& FPRD, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Korea, ReCOE \& FPRD, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Korea, Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Mexico., TASC-INFM-CNR National Laboratory, Trieste, Italy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, ILL, Grenoble, Universite de la Mediterranee, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, The Molecular Foundary, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Univ. Brasilia, Rutgers University (Department of Physics), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NCNR), U. Maryland (Materials Science and Engineering), Brookhaven National Lab, NIST, UNLV, IFW, Dresden, Tech. Univ. Vienna, Department of Physics, Occidental College, Ames Laboratory/Iowa State University, Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Medical College of Wisconsin, Tampere University of Technology, Finland, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, CSC -- Finnish IT Center for Science, Esbo, Finland, Florida State University, UCSB/KAIST, BGU, NHK Laboratories, Tokyo, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Physics Dept., SUNY at Buffalo, Univ. Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati, The Ohio State University, University of Cinncinati, University of Chicago, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University of Oregon, Correlated Electron Research Center, National Synchrotron Light Source, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, Oak Ridge National Lab, EME/CeRMAE/IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Physics, Polish Acad. of Sci., Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02668 Warszawa, Poland, Institut de Ci\`encia de Materials de Barcelona-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, University of Central Florida, Ames laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, USA, Department of Physics and Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea, Materials Science and Engineering Dep., U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, MPI for Microstructure Physics, AMPEL, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden CO-80401, Kyma Technologies, Inc., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Lehigh University, Army Research Laboratory, University of California, Riverside, Brandeis University, Hampton University, Quantum Information Group, Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI), Viale Settimio Severo 65, I-10133 Torino, Italy, Univ. of Southern Califor., Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy, Quantum Information Group, Institute for Scientific, Quantum Information Group, Institute for Scientific Interchange (ISI), Viale Settimio Severo 65, I-10133 Torino, Italy, Saint Anselm College, The University of Texas at Austin, CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 56, E-2009 Donostia, Basque Country, Spain, Materia Kondentsatuaren Fisika Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, PO 644, E-48080 Bilbo, Basque Country, Spain, Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, LASSP, Cornell University, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, University of Cambridge, University of Wuerzburg, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS-UMR8502, Universite de Paris-Sud, Orsay 91405, France, Department of Physics, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, Department of Physics, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA, PUC-RJ, Universiteit Antwerpen, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\&#039;isicas, ECE, University of Illinois at Chicago, Departamento de F\&#039;isica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Louisiana State University, University of Colorado, Boulder, LEM, CNRS-ONERA, 29 Av. de la Division Leclerc, BP72, 92322 Ch\^atillon Cedex, France, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Menlo Park, Materials, Physics, and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Departments, University of California, Santa Barbara, Universita di Milano, University of Colorado, Laboratoire de Physique, ENS Lyon, Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, Chemical Engineering \& Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Physics, Miami University, Universidad de Barcelona, Universidad Nacional, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Gakushuin Univ., Inst. Mater. Str. Sci., KEK, Inst. Chem. Res., Kyoto Univ., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics, and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany, Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent, Bell Laboratories, Bell labs, Alcatel-Lucent, Lake Shore Cryotronics, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada, Intematix Corporation, Purdue University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston college, Aegis Technology, Inc., 3300A Westminster Ave., Santa Ana, CA 92703, SUNY Buffalo, University of Texas Southwestern, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (on leave from CONICET, FI-UNER, Argentina), LBNL, UCB, UCB, LBNL, National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO 80401, University at Buffalo, SUNY, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, USA, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, ISSP, Univ. of Tokyo, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hahn-Meitner Institute, Univ. of Virginia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People&#039;s Republic of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People&#039;s Republic of China., Augsburg University, Northern Arizona University, CNM \& MSD, Argonne National Laboratory, Department of Physics, UIUC, HFIR, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Paul Scherrer Institut, Paul Scherrer Insitut, Swiss Light Source, University of Michigan, Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, NIST, Center for Neutron Research, Advance Photon Source, Argonne National Lab., IBM Watson Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, Honda R.I., G\&#034;oteborg University, Duke University, Honda Research Institute USA Inc., UIUC, The University of Arkansas, The University of Central Florida, Queen Mary University of London, UK, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, University of Coimbra, Portugal, LPTMC, UPMC Paris, France, Goldman Sachs, National Insitute for Materials Science, Yukawa Institute of Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK, Univ. of Tsukuba and JST-CREST, RIKEN, Tokyo TECH, and JST-CREST, RIKEN, AIST, and JST-CREST, NC State University, Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, D-86135Augsburg, Germany, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, RAL ISIS, CSEC Univ. Edinburgh, University of Tokyo, CERC-AIST, Osaka University, JAEA, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, VTT Biotechnology, Finland, Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Center for Functional Materials and Department of Physics, Abo Akademi, Finland, University of California at Berkeley, Ohio University, Physics and Astronomy Department, Athens, OH 45701, Humboldt-Universit\&#034;at zu Berlin, Institut f. Physik, Newtonstra{\ss}e 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Penn State University, University of Vienna, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chair of Solid State Physics, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory, IL 60439, Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C., Dpto. Fisica Mat. Condensada, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, LPM, Univ. Henri Poincare, France, Dpt. of Physics, Univ. of Basel, Switzerland, MPQ, CNRS, France, Department of Biology, New York University, Stanford University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, EPFL, Switzerland, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, Fribourg University, Physics Department, Switzerland, Center for Materials for Information Technology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487 USA, School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406 USA, Submillimeter-Wave Technology Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simon Fraser University, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials, Rutgers University, Dep. of Phys. POSTECH, School of Phys. and Astron., Seoul National University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Dep. of Phys., Chonnam National University, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette IN, USA, AGH-UST, Krakow, Poland, IWF, University of Tokyo, University of New South Wales, HASYLAB/DESY, University of Hamburg, ETRI in Korea, POSTECH, POSTEC, Tohoku Univ., Kyoto Univ., Stanford U. and SLAC, UC Davis, Yonsei U., Stanford U., U. Waterloo, AIST Tsukuba, School of Physics and Center for Strongly Correlated Materials Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima University, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo University of Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama Kanagawa, Japan, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, U Tennessee, Knoxville \& ORNL, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Universit\&#039;e de Sherbrooke, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA, CRIEPI, University Tennessee and ORNL, Forschungsneutronenquelle FRM-II, University of Missouri - Columbia, [1] LPEM, ESPCI, Paris, France, [2] CNAM, Univ of Maryland, USA, [1] INSP, Paris, France, [1,2,3], Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY 11973, USA, Universite Paris 12 and CNRS UPR5-ESPCI, Paris, France, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA, ISIR, Osaka University, CRIEPI, Japan, Materials Research Department, Risoe National Laboratory, DTU, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, Canadian Light Source, SK S7N 0X4, Canada, Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 and DMR NSF, Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, Department of Physics, Kent State University, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Stowers Institute for Medical Research, University of New Orleans, American Institute of Physics, Dalhousie University, Boise State University, University of Guelph, St. Francis Xavier University, Physics Department and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Oregon State University, Levich Institute and Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA, Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Physique Theorique des Materiaux, Universite de Liege, Belgium, DPMC, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA, 94720, Dept. of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent, Delft Univ. of Technology, Dept. of Applied Physics, International Center of Condensed Matter Physics, Brasilia, Physics Dept., City College of the City Univ. of New York, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia, The City College of New York, University of Minnesota, Endocrinology Consultants Center, 670 Crossover Rd. Tupelo, MS, 38801, Dept. of Phys, and the ICET, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul 151-747, Korea, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China, University of Missouri, Applied Material Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, Center for Computational Material Science, Vienna University of Technology, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, NCEM, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, Nancy Universite, France, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies San Jose Research Center, Physics Dept., University of California at Berkeley, Groupe NanoMateriaux, CEMES-CNRS, Toulouse, France, Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, Rutgers Univ., Okayama University, Osaka Prefecture University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN, Institut fuer Festkoerperforschung, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Departamento de Fisica, UFMG, Brazil, Berkeley University, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies Inc., Murray Hill, NJ 07974, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, Materials Department, University of California at Santa Barbara, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, The University of Maryland, Ames Laboratory, USDOE, MST-6, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Astronom\&#039;ia Optica y Electr\&#039;onica, Dept. of Physics, University of York, U.K., Dept. of Physics, University of York, York, U.K., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Spain, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, UC Santa Barbara, Kyoto University, Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador BA, Brasil, Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Matrials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champiagn, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Matrials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, ETSF, CNISM, and Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Universit\`a di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, IT, ETSF and CNISM, UdR Milano-Bicocca, Milano, IT, Cavendish Laborator, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Instituto de Microelectronica de Madrid, CSIC, Laboratoire EM2C, Ecole Centrale Paris, University of Georgia, Department of Physics, Lakehead University, The University of Georgia, USA, Institution for Experimental Physics V, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, Department of Physics and Center for Materials Research and Technology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, Dept. of Polymer Science and Engr., Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, University of California, Irvine, Kansas State University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, Ion Reaction Laboratory, Dep. of Nuclear Medicine \& Radiobiology, Univ. of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Griffith University, UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany, Dept. of Applied Physics and JST-CREST, Univ. Tokyo, Dept. of Applied Physics, Univ. Tokyo, University of Missouri-Rolla, Central Japan Railways Company, Ooyama, Japan, Materials Science Department, Ohio State University, CNR-IMEM, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy, CNR-INFM-LAMIA, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy, FSU, ASU, University of Geneva, University of Rome ``La Sapienza&#034;, University of California at Diego, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Institut Laue-Langevin, France, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Okayama University, Japan, University of Notre Dame, National High Magnetic Field Lab, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, ISIR, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan, Department of Physics, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, California Institute of Technology, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Bucknell University, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, CERC, CREST, Research Centre Juelich, Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA, Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, NREL, Univ. Cal. Los Angeles, Hiden Isochema, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Physics, eMRI, Dept. of Physics and Nanomedicine Consortium, Northeastern University, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UC Riverside, Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, UC Santa Barbara, Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, II. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, Physics Department, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, Physics Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, Physics Dept., Texas A\&M Univ., College Station, TX, , Institute of Physics, Acad. of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Physics Dept. Univ. at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, McGill University, Beijing University of Technology, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., The University of Queensland, Chinese Academy of Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, UC San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA, Technology Solutions Organization, Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Chandler AZ 85224, USA, Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, 164 40 Kista, Sweden, ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park MD, ERATO-JST, Univ. Tokyo, and RIKEN, Univ. Tokyo and RIKEN, Multiferroics Project, ERATO, JST and Univ. Tokyo, Univ. Tokyo, Multiferroics Project, ERATO, JST, ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11, 0QX United Kingdom, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Glienicker Str. 100, Berlin D-14109, Germany, Ames Laboratory and Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State Univ., Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, MRSEC, Department of Physics. University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, ERATO-MF, IMR, Tohoku University, IMRAM, Tohoku University, Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Hahn-Meitner-Institute, Glienicker Str.~100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands, Department of Applied Physics. University of Tokyo, CERC, CREST, Department of Physics and Institute for Basic Science Research, Sungkyunkwan University, Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory, RIKEN, Dept. of Physics and Applied Physics, Columbia Univ., LPS, Universit\&#039;e Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Chungnam National University, Konkuk University, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, Centre de Physique Mol\&#039;eculaire Optique et Hertzienne, Universit\&#039;e Bordeaux (France), Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston ,Texas, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Argonne Nat. Lab., Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany, Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, BNL, CCNY, CRMCN-CNRS, Marseille, Francia, E\&E Dept. UCLA, FENA, WIN, CNSI, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Univ. of Tokyo, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Physics Division, BCPS Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, IN2UB-U.Barcelona, ESRF-Grenoble, ICMA-CSIC and U. Zaragoza, ICMM-CSIC, Los Alamos National Lab, University of Rochester and Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester and Eastman Kodak Company, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, Republic of China, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, Republic of China, Department of Applied Physics and Center for Research on Interface Structures and Phenomena, Yale University, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst, Rice, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita&#039; di Roma, La Sapienza and SMC Research Center and ISC, INFM-CNR, Roma Italy, Universite&#039; Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita&#039; di Roma, La Sapienza and ISC, INFM-CNR, Roma Italy, Research Center SMC, INFM-CNR and Dept. Physics, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy, Dept. Physics, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy, Laboratoire de Physique et Mod{\&#039;e}lisation des Milieux Condens{\&#039;e}s, CNRS, Grenoble, France, International Centre for Theoretical Physics and University of Maryland, Univ. of Florence, INFN Section of Catania (I), 2nd Univ. of Rome (I), A.O. Policlinico, Catania (I), A.O. Cannizzaro, Catania, INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania (I), Yale University, Helsinki University of Technology and University of Oulu, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Materials Science and Technology Division, ORNL, and University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA, Microsoft Q, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik III, Universitaet Stuttgart, Germany, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Ca, USA, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, Fritz Haber Institute, Berlin, Germany, Univerisity of California at Santa Babara, CA, Department of Physics, Stanford University, MPI-PKS, Dresden, Germany, LPT - University of Toulouse, France, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530 USA, Physics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, UC Riverside, Iowa State Univ, SungKyunKwan Univ, NIMS, Japan, Inst. Chem. Res., Kyoto University, Keihanna Interaction Plaza Inc., SPring-8 Service Co., NTT Corporation, Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Air Force Research Labs, Texas A\&M, UDRI, Iowa State University, The University of Houston, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA, Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Japan, Osaka City University, Japan, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada, Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque NM, Trihydro, APS, Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Institute of Physics, CAS, MER Corporation, Argonne National Laboratory, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Department of Physics, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, AFRL, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, Laboratory of magnetism of Brittany CNRS, Brest, France, Korea University, KAIST, Department of Physics, Kyushu University, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, E.L. Ginzton Lab., Stanford University, USA, Technische Physik, Universitat Wurzburg, Germany, Laboratoire Aim\&#039;e Cotton, CNRS, Universit\&#039;e Paris-Sud, B\^atiment 505, Campus d&#039;Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France, Hofstra University, STC ``Reaktivelektron&#039;&#039;, NAS of Ukraine, 83096 Donetsk, Ukraine, Institute for Single Crystals, NAS of Ukraine, 61001 Kharkov, Ukraine, Materials Science Division, LBNL, Berkeley, California 94720, USA., Materials Science Division and Technology Division, LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA, SPSMS-DRFMC, CEAGrenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex, France, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik,76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruh, Department of Applied Physics and E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan, National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan, West Virginia University, University of Tsukuba, University of Tokyo, The College of Wooster, Wooster OH 44691, College of Charleston, Elizabeth City State University, University of Barcelona, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Department of Physics, School of Science, Nagoya University and JST-BIRD, NIST Electronics and Electrical Engineering Lab., Carnegie Mellon University, University of Toledo, Oxford University, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California at San Diego, CSC - Finnish IT Center for Science, Laboratory of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Physics Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467, City College of New York, NCCU, Durham, NC, NSU, Norfolk, VA, q-Psi and BK21 Program Division of Advanced Research and Education in Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, Clarkson University, Potsdam, USA, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Department of Physics and Samtel Center for Display Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, Rice University Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Applied Science and Chemistry, U. 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Texas at Arlington, NSLS Brookhaven National Lab, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Physics, Natl Sun Yat-Sen University, Department of Computer and Communication, SHU-TE University, Trinity University, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, University of Western Ontario, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, Yonsei University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Physics Department and Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Nevada, Reno, Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, U.S.A., Department of Physics, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45207, U.S.A., Kyoto Institute of Technology, Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munchen, Germany, Dept. Chem. \& Biomolec. 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Festkoerperforschung, FZ Juelich, Germany, Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastian, Spain, Inst. of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Tomsk, Russia, Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik und Selbstorganization, G\&#034;ottingen, Germany, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Universita di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1186, USA., Istituto di Struttura Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trieste, Italy, Institut f\&#034;ur Festk\&#034;orperforschung, Forschungszentrum J\&#034;ulich, Germany, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy, National Institute for Materials Science, Electronics Dept., Lviv National Univ., INTEC-CONICET, Facultad de Ingenier\&#039;ia, Univ. 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S. A., University of California, Davis-CA, 95616, U. S. A., Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos-NM, 87545, U. S. A., D\&#039;epartement de physique, Universit\&#039;e de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada, Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Washington, DC, USA, SPSMS, GHMFL, Dept. Physique, Universite de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Dept. Physics, University of Maryland, Dept. Physique, Universite de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, Uppsala University, U.C. San Diego, National Lab for Superconductivity, Institute of Physics, CAS, Ames Lab and ISU, Pohang, Korea, Physics and FSMRL, UIUC, Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Japan, U. of Calif, San Diego, U. of Calif, Riverside, Inst. f\&#034;ur Festk\&#034;orperphysik, T.U. Wien, Theoretische Physik, ETH- Zurich, Max-Planck-Inst. for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, U. Tennessee, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Iwato-kita, Komae, Tokyo, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, Department of Physics, The University of Akron, Florida International University, Dep. Basic Sci., Univ. Tokyo, U. of Illinois, Urbana, U. 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Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State Univ., ILL Grenoble, France, Ames Laboratory; IFP, TU Dresden, Germany, Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, UK, Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland, EPF-Lausanne, Switzerland, Physics Department, University of Arkansas, University College London, Physics Department, Penn State University, Wright State University, Universitaet Regensburg, George Washington University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Ames Laboratory, USDOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, Kobe Univ., Ochanomizu Univ., LANL, MST-6, Los Alamos, NM 87545, NHMFL, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, The University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, U.Mo.-Columbia, LLS Laboratory of Lasers of Spectroscopies, FUNDP - University of Namur, Australian National University, IBM TJ Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, Reykjavik IS-107, Iceland, LEOPR, IMEP-MINATEC, CNRS-Grenoble, University of Queensland, PSI, Univ of Pittsburgh, NIMS, Tsukuba, Univ of Tsukuba, Washington State University, Rutgers-Camden, Sandia National Lab, Clemson University, Theoretical Division, LANL, Los Alamos, Physics Department, University of Utah, Industrial Reseach Ltd, Universite Montpellier, INSA Toulouse, LBNL and University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Research Department, NISSAN ARC, LTD., Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, Department of Materials Physics, University of Leoben, Franz-Josef-Stra{\ss}e 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria, Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, SUNY Albany, NC State U and ORNL, Dept of Chemistry, UC Berkeley, Biophysics Graduate Group, UC Berkeley, Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Laboratoire Lasers et Spectroscopies – FUNDP - University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry - Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, Teledyne Scientific Company LLC, Florida State Univ, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Lab, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan, JST/SORST, NEC, 34 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8501, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute; Department of Physics; University of Maryland, NEST-CNR-INFM \& Scuola Normale Superiore, P.zza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa, Italy, ITAMP, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A., LPS, JQI, CNAM, Department of Physics, UMD, JPL, Caltech, Department of Physics and Astronomy, USC, Department of Physics, UMD, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, JQI, CNAM, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Southern Illinois University, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, U.C. 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Lab., Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, NHMFL-LANL, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH H\&#034;onggerberg, Zurich, National High Magnetic Field Lab, Los Alamos National Lab, DESY, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea, Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS , ENSICAEN, Caen Cedex, France, Department of Physics and Institute of Functional Nano Materials, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA, SungKyunKwan University, Korea, Tohoku University, Japan), Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea, Rutgers University, USA, KEK, Japan, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy,Rutgers University, Institut fur Angewandte Physik, Univeristat Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, Dept. of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Univ. of Ill., Urbana-Champaign, University of California, Berkley, DSM/DRECAM/SPEC, CEA, Saclay, France, Depto. Fisica, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Inst. Inv. Materiales, UNAM, Mexico, Carnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada, MPI-FKF, Stuttgart, Germany, INFM SMC and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a ``la Sapienza&#034;, Roma, Italy, UPCM, Universit\&#039;e Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, Laboratory of Superconductivity, ISSP-RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL USA, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, University of California, Berkeley and LBNL, Santa Clara University, University of Nagoya, Carnegie-Mellon University, Emory Univ. 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I. Cuza&#039;&#039; University, Faculty of Physics, Iasi 700506, Romania, Dept. of Phys. Eng., Mie Univ., Japan, University de Geneve, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Boston University and Leiden University, Free University Berlin, University of Copenhagen, CFN, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Kettering University, Electrical Engineering, Univ. of South Florida, Physics, Univ. of South Florida, Dept. of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond, VA, University of California-Irvine, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Department of Physics, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA, University of Miami, Neutron Scattering Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Technical University Delft, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA, Queen Mary University, London, UK, Imperial College, London, UK, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, Chemistry Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, Meiji University, Japan, Dept. of Chemistry and Physics, Penn. State Univ., Dept. of Physics, Virginia Common. Univ., Chalmers University of Technology, Materials Science and Tech. Division, LANL, Materials Science and Engineering, Univ. of Michigan, Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, CERN, PH Department, Vanderbilt University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Fukuoka University, American University of Beirut, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., SUNY-Binghamton, SUNY-Albany, University of California at Santa Barbara, Tech. U. of Denmark, P. U. Catolica Chile, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, ExxonMobil Corporate Strategic Research Laboratories, Oklahoma State University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Institut f\&#034;{u}r Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Innsbruck, Austria, Dept. of Physics, Sophia Univ., ISSP, Univ. Tokyo, Dept. of Physics, Univ. Tokyo, JST-CREST, AIST, Universidad Aut\&#039;onoma de Yucat\&#039;an, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, CINVESTAV-Unidad Merida, Austin College, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop T004, Los Alamos, 87545 NM, Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Long Beach, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL60439, USA, PMMH, UMR7636 (CNRS), ESPCI Univ.~P6-P7, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, MSC, UMR 7057 (CNRS), Univ. Paris 7, University of California at Davis, University of North Carolina, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, MPI fuer Festkoerperforschung, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Japan, Department of Transfusion Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan, Department of Radiology, Tachikawa Hospital, Japan, Bowling Green State University, Depto. Fisica. U. del Tolima, CICATA-IPN. U. Legaria, University of Illinois at Urbana Champagne, R-CEM and Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, Rutgers Univ., USA, eSSC \& Dept. of Physics, POSTECH, Korea, Dept. of Physics, Ulsan Univ., Korea, l-PEM \& Dept. of Physics, POSTECH, Korea, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, Korea, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701 Korea, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology,, Pohang , Korea, Department of Earth science, University of Cambridge, UK, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA, Jeonju University, Jeonju 560-759, Korea, Iwate University, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, USA, HPCAT at Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, USA, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\&#034;at, Institut f\&#034;ur Theoretische Physik, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Department of Physics - Yeshiva University, Brown University, Departament of Physics, Providence, United States, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Laborat\&#039;orio Associado de Sensores e Materiais, S\~ao Jos\&#039;e dos Campos, Brazil, The University of Western Ontario, Departament Of Applied Mathematics, London, Canada, Oakland University, Department of Physics, Rochester, United States, Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA, Laboratory of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Lawrence Berkeley Nat. Lab., Chicago State University, Stevens Institute of Technology, Kingsborough College of CUNY, Drew University, SUNY Maritime, Fordham University, Department of Physics, NTU, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Center for General Education, Tainan University of, Dept of Physics, University of Florida, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Florida, Dept. of Physics, University of Florida, MS\&MS Dept., Rice University, 6100 Main street, Houston TX 770005, Physics Department, G\&#034;oteborg University, SE-412 96, G\&#034;oteborg, Sweden, Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland, MS\&MS Dept., Rice University, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Norfolk State University, Department of Physics and the Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong, Hong Kong, China, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Air Force Research Lab/ WPAFB, Raith GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, Technische Universitaet Dortmund, Experimentelle Physik\,I, Germany, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Rochester, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, EPFL, Lausanne, University of Fribourg, Physics Department, University Louis Pasteur, France, Seoul University, Abbott Laboratories, Chemical and Nuclear Engineerng Department, Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Bayreuth Physical chemistry II, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, MPI fuer Kolloid- und Grenzflaechenforschung, Am Muehlenberg, 14424 Potsdam, Univ. of Delaware, Chemical Engineering, NIST, Polymers, LyondellBasell Industries, University of Akron, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Institut Charles Saudron, Dept of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, U of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440, Department of Physics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63160, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545, Department of Physics, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63160, Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, GRASP, Physics Department, University of Li\`ege, B-4000 Li\`ege,, Argonne National Lab., Sogang Univ. Korea, SUNY, Binghamton, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France, California State Univ, Los Angeles, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Georgia Tech., Atlanta, GA, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Hanyang University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Tokyo, CREST, JST, and CERC, AIST, CERC, AIST and CREST, JST, Ben-Gurion University and RTRA project, LPS and CEA, KEK, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, RIKEN, Japan, Colby College, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., University of Nevada, Las Vegas, JST, NEC, Meijo Univ, Fujita Health Univ., JST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, c/o NEC Corporation, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Columbia Univ., Dept. of Physics, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, Korea., Dept. of Elec. Engr., University of Florida, Dept. of Chem., University of Florida, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Dept. of Elect. Engr., University of Florida, Dept. of Materials Sci. \& Engineering, University of Florida, Boston University, ECE, Boston University, Department of Physics, BK21 Physics Division, Center for Nanotubes and Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory \& Department of Physics, POSTECH, Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea, Sogang University, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, Center for Computational Materials Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, Institute for theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany, Departament de Quimica Inorganica and Institut de Recerca de Quimica Teorica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647,08028, University of Sussex, UK, Department of Physics, Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Faculty of Physics, University Vienna, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany, JILA/NIST/University of Colorado, JILA/University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. and U. of Tennessee, Microsoft Project Q, U. of California at Santa Barbara, Inst. for Theoretical Physics C, RWTH Aachen, Germany, Ohio U., U. of Florida, Ohio Univerisity, CNRS and Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France, Waseda Univ., JST-ERATO, Physics Department, University of South Florida, Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Germany, Institute of Materials Research, Tohoku University, University of Virginia, Cavendish Laboratory, Asahi Kasei R\&D Center, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198 and CREST-JST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad 211019, INDIA, Iowa State University Ames Lab-USDOE, MUCAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory of US-DOE, U. Tennessee-Knoxville; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TU-Berlin, Dept Physics; U. Texas Austin, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, National Central University, BESSY, Berlin, Germany, Linköping University, DELTA, TU Dortmund, Germany, LBNL, Berkeley, USA; University of California, Davis, USA; Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, LBNL, Berkeley, USA, IBM Almaden, USA, IBM Research Division, T.J. Watson Research Center, National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, University of Edinburgh, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Northwestern U, Friedrich Miescher Inst., Basel, IQOQI; Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, IQOQI, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Max-Planck-Institut f\&#034;ur Kernphysik, LLNL, LLBL, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Livermore National Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, NHRF, Greece, IMR, Tohoku Univ., FSU/NHMFL, University of Tennessee and ORNL, ORNL, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, Osaka University, Japan, NIST and University of Maryland, Chalk River Laboratories, Canada, Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK, H.H Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, ALS, Berkeley, Tohoku, Japan, SSRL, Stanford and ALS, Berkeley, Inst. of Mat. Res.,Tohoku Univ, Japan, SSRL, Stanford and Mat. and Struc. Lab,TIT, Japan, SSRL, Stanford and ALS, LBNL, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, ALS, National Lawrence Bekerley Lab, Stanford Univeristy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, IPPT Warsaw, Poland, Clarkson University, Harvard SEAS and Department of Physics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard SEAS, Harvard Physics, Dept. of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Dept. of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, and Dept. of Chemistry, Northwestern University, PMMH, ESPCI, LPS ENS, Department of Mathematics, MIT, Florida Atlantic University, CAMD/LSU, Univ. of North Texas, Center of X-Ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U. California San Diego, U. Michigan, CREST, The University of Tokyo, IT Convergence \& Components Lab, Max-Planck-Institut, University of California at Berkeley, California, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, James Franck Institute/University of Chicago, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, London, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Spain, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain, University of Missouri, Columbia, Oak Ridge National Lab., Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens OH 45701 USA, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Physics Department, Materials Research and Engineering Center, and Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, University of South Florida, Penn State Univ., Oxford Univ., NCNR, UMD/NIST Center for Neutron Research, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Pacific Lutheran University, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, USA, Almaden Research Center, IBM, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, Polymers Division, NIST, Dept. of Physics, University of California San Diego, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM, Division of Integrated Molecular Engineering, Chem. Res. Lab., Tokyo Institute of Technology, JST-PRESTO, INFM-CNR, Modena, Italy, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Hebrew University, Israel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, HP labs, Palo Alto, University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Augsburg, Moscow State Steel and Alloys Inst, Russia, Bar-Ilan Univ, Israel, Hebrew Univ, Israel, Department of Physics and NHMFL, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Moscow 117936, Russia, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg MD 20899, Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Russia, Institute of Solid State and Semiconductor Physics, Belarus, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Ames Laboratory US-DOE and Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA, Department of Mathematics/Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Department of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Department of Mathematics/Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, University of California at Irvine, Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3046, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China, Low Energy Nuclear Laboratory, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, Department of Theoretical Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois, Physics Department, Univ. of Maryland, Physics Department, UCSB, Physics Department, Yale, NEST-CNR-INFM and Scuola Normale Superiore I-56126 Pisa, Italy, Physics Department, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 China, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston TX 77005 USA, Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA, MPI for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Physics Department, Princeton University, Chemistry Department, Princeton University, CEA-Grenoble, DRFMC/SPSMS/IMAPEC, Pohang University, Korea, Mechanical Metrology Group, Division of Physical Metrology, KRISS, Korea, Physics, University of Texas at Austin, PSU USA, CAS P.R.C, PKU P.R.C, Cornell Univeristy, NI-AIST, Magnetic Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, RIKEN/ Univ. Tokyo, Inst. Chem. Research, Kyoto Univ., Dept. of Phys. and Astronomy, Rutgers Univ., RIKEN (Inst. Phys. and Chem. Research), National Laboratory for Superconductivity, Institute of Physics and Center for Condensed Mater Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Division of Engineering, Brown University, University of California - Santa Cruz, Rowland Institute and Harvard University, Dept. of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Chung-li, Taiwan