NEGF Study of the Spontaneous Spin Polarization in a Quantum Point Contact

A non-equilibrium Green function formalism (NEGF) is used to study the conductance of a side-gated quantum point contact (QPC) in the presence of lateral spin-orbit coupling (LSOC) induced by the electric field due to the gradient of the lateral confining potential. A small asymmetry in the confining potential induced by difference of potential between the two side-gates (SGs) leads to an inversion asymmetry in the LSOC which triggers a spontaneous spin polarization in the QPC. In the regime of single-mode transport, the spontaneous spin polarization can reach nearly 100 {\%} when a strong electron-electron (e-e) interaction is taken into account. This leads to the occurrence of a plateau at G $\approx $0.5($e^{2}$/$h)$ in the ballistic conductance without the need of any externally applied magnetic field. Two ingredients are essential for the occurrence of the 0.5 plateau: an asymmetric LSOC and a strong e-e interaction.