Science, Technology and Innovation in Brazil: Advances and Challenges

We review the construction of the infra-structure for science and technology in Brazil, its success cases, its major advances, and its challenges, both present and future. We emphasize the budget increases, the new legal framework, new mechanisms of support for S{\&}T, and the plans for the future. Preliminary results of the discussions that took place in the 4$^{th}$ National Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation of May 2010 will also be presented.