Strategies for developing optimal thermoelectric metrology protocols

The Seebeck coefficient is an essential physical property routinely measured to evaluate the potential performance of new thermoelectric materials. These materials facilitate the inter-conversion of thermal and electrical energy and are useful in power generation or solid-state refrigeration applications. However, the diversity in Seebeck coefficient measurement techniques, conditions, and probe arrangements has resulted in conflicting materials data, further complicating the inter-laboratory confirmation of reported higher efficiency thermoelectric materials. In an effort to identify optimal thermoelectric measurement protocols, we have developed a complimentary strategy to both evaluate and compare these different probe arrangements and measurement methodologies: first, through the design of an innovative experimental apparatus, and second, through error modeling of Seebeck coefficient measurements using finite element analysis. This talk will include a discussion of key measurement challenges, example diagnostics, and recommended practices to effectively manage uncertainty in Seebeck coefficient measurements.