Functional interfaces in La$_{2/3}$Ca$_{1/3}$MnO$_{3}$/ YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-x}$ heterostructures

Interfaces have emerged as one of the focal points of current condensed matter science. In complex, correlated oxides, heterointerfaces provide a powerful route to create and manipulate the charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom. In this study, epitaxial bilayers of ferromagnetic of La$_{2/3}$Ca$_{1/3}$MnO$_{3}$(LCMO) and superconducting YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-x}$ (YBCO) with two distinct interfaces have been fabricated to understand the effects of these two distinct interfaces. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) was applied to characterize the interfaces and also provided direct evidence of the charges transfer at these interfaces. The studies of the macroscopic properties, such as the transport and magnetic properties, established the connection between macroscopic properties and the interface structures. This present study opens new venue to design the functional interfaces.