Anisotropy, Magnetism and Bulk Spin Valve Effect in Fe-doped Bilayer Ruthenate Ca$_{3}$Ru$_{2}$O$_{7}$

The bilayered Ruthenate Ca$_{3}$Ru$_{2}$O$_{7}$ displays a wide variety of physical properties derived from the competitions among the orbital degrees of freedom of the Ru-ions, spin-orbit interactions and lattice distortions. We report our recent results of structural and physical properties of single-crystal Ca$_{3}$(Ru$_{\mathrm{1-x}}$Fe$_{\mathrm{x}})_{2}$O$_{7}$ (0 \textless x \textless 0.2) as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The central finding of this study is that (1) Ca$_{3}$(Ru$_{\mathrm{1-x}}$Fe$_{\mathrm{x}})_{2}$O$_{7}$ display highly anisotropic and antiferromagnetic state that is clearly manifested in the magnetization, electrical resistivity and specific heat; (2) Bulk spin valve effect (SVE) is observed in bulk single crystals of Ca$_{3}$(Ru$_{\mathrm{1-x}}$Fe$_{\mathrm{x}})_{2}$O$_{7}$. This study along with our previous work on SVE suggests that the bulk SVE may be commonplace in 3d-element doped Ca$_{3}$Ru$_{2}$O$_{7}$. The results will be presented and discussed along with comparison drawn with other 3d-element doped Ca$_{3}$Ru$_{2}$O$_{7}$ single crystals.