Robust fully - gapped $s_\pm$ superconductivity in CaKFe$_4$As$_4$ single crystals from penetration depth and STM spectroscopy

ORAL

Abstract

Low - temperature variation of the London penetration depth, $\Delta \lambda (T)$, and tunneling conductance in single crystals of stoichiometric iron - based superconductor CaKFe$_4$As$_4$ (CaK1144) show nodeless superconductivity with two effective gaps in the range of 6 - 10 meV and 1-4 meV. Substantial rate of $T_c$ suppression and robust exponential low-temperature behavior of $\Delta \lambda (T)$ upon electron irradiation provide a strong argument for a sign-changing $s_{\pm}$ pairing in this compound. Overall, the observed behavior and extracted parameters are quite similar to a slightly overdoped (Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x$)Fe$_2$As$_2$ (BaK122), e.g. $x=$0.54, $T_c \approx$ 34 K. Considering the results obtained on BaK122 across the superconducting ``dome" and varying disorder [1], we conclude that $s_{\pm}$ superconductivity is a robust pairing state in iron - based superconductors, independent of the degree of substitutional or lattice damage disorder. [1] K. Cho {\it et.~al}, Sci. Adv. {\bf 2}, 1600807 (2016).

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Authors

  • Ruslan Prozorov

    Iowa State Univ Ames Laboratory, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames, USA

  • Anatole von Lilienfeld

    The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea, Department of Structure and Constituents of Matter, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain, Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Laboratoire Jean Perrin and Laboratoire de Physique Theorique de la Matiere Condensee, CNRS/Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, QuTech, Delft Univ of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands, Center for Quantum Devices and Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Syracuse University, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada, University of Chicago, United states, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Fayetteville State University, Yangzhou University, University of Virginia, University of Tennessee, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory/Ohio University, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Ohio University, Brock University, Ontario, City College of New York, CUNY, Stanford University, Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, 78000 San Luis Potosi, Mexico., IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain, Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Material Physics Center (MPC), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC). 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R. China, Bielefeld University, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, State Univ of NY, Washington Univ., St. Louis, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Institute IMDEA Nanoscience, Madrid Spain, Institute of Electronic Materiazls Technology, Warsaw , Poland, Department of physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, MO 65409 USA, LNCMI-CNRS, 25 rue des martyrs, Grenoble, France, Suranaree Univ of Tech., Univ of Warwick, Tokyo Institute of Tech., Univ of Tokyo \& RIKEN, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University, University of California San Diego, Dept. of Elec. 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Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University,, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin,, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ISSP, University of Tokyo, Ochanomizu University, NSRRC, HiSOR, Institute for Research in Electronics & Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA, University of California Los Angeles, Technion, Center for Electronic Materials and Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST), Korea, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technolog, Korea, Universidad Complutense, QCMD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory and QCMD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA, Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Physics Department, Boston College, Swiss Muon Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, BESSY-II, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, SLAC and Stanford, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The North Carolina State University, The Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, MINT Center, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,TN 37831 USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Pittsburgh, National Cheng Kung University, IBM Research - Zurich, SPEC, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France, LPS, Orsay, France, LNCMI, Toulouse, France, University of Texas, Austin, USA, ECE and MSE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, Dept of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, IIT Kanpur, UP 208016, India, AEP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, MSE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, Electronics Science and Technology Division, U.S. NRL, Washington, DC 20375, ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, University of Geneva, Department of Quantum Matter Physics, Geneva, National Institute of Standards and Technology/CNAM, MD, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, Université de Sherbrooke and Institut quantique, Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institut f\"{u}r Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universit\"{a}t Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Boeing-Spectrolab Inc., University of Toledo, Seton Hall Univ, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Washington University, Ewha Womans Univerisity, Korea Advanced Nanofab Center (KANC), University of Wyoming, University of Oklahoma, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada, University of Waterloo / Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leuven / University of Amsterdam, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Renmin Univ of China, Advanced Light Sources, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Bar Ilan University, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, National Sun Yat-Sen U., Taiwan, Bragg Institute, Australia, National Central University, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Maryland, 20742, Institute for Research in Electronics \& Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Sogang University, University of Ulsan, UNIST, Polytechnique Montreal, Universite de Montreal, RIKEN, UNC Charlotte, HFML, Nijmegen, FSU $\&$ NHMFL, Department of Physics. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210, randolph.elmquist@nist.gov, National Physical Laboratory, Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cambridge, UK, London Center for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK, CEA-Leti, Grenoble, France, Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungs Zentrum Juelich, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing Univers, Vanderbilt Univ. & ORNL, ORNL & Univ. of Tennessee, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee FL, 32310, USA, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee FL, 32307, USA, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, IBS-CCES, Seoul Natl. Univ., Sungkyunkwan Univ., Kunsan Natl. Univ., Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Univ. of Seoul, Sungkyunkwan Univ., IBS-CINAP, Temple Univ, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 573-701, South Korea, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Univ of Northern Iowa, Penn State Univ, Towson Univ, UFMG, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China, I. Institute of Physics, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany, Tohoku Univ., JASRI, Hiroshima City Univ., Nagoya Institute of Tech., Univ of Vermont, The Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew Universit, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, Federal University of Parana, Union College, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Central Florida, University of Paris-Sud, Brookhaven National Lab, Pacicfic Northwest National Lab, Retired, Institute of Physics, NCTU, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, KFU, Russia, Kyushu University, NSLS II, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, NIST NCNR / Univ of Maryland, Stevens Institute of Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Univ of Memphis, Physics Departiment, National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA, Institute for Mechanical Engineering, Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization (MPIDS), 37077 Gottingen, Germany, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany; Harvard University, Cambrigde, MA, USA, Brandeis University, University of California, Merced, Dipartimento FIM, Universita di Modena e Reggio E. and Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR, via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy, Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR, via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Quantum Device Lab, ETH Zurich, Quantronics group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Department of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Institute for Experimental Physics II, Universitat Leipzig, Linnstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Iowa State Univ, Molecular Physics, University Leipzig, Linnestr. 5, 04317 Leipzig, Germany, University Halle Wittenber, Halle-Saale, Germany, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, University of Ioannina, Osnabrueck University, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Indian Institute of Technology - Gandhinagar, Univ of Minn - Minneapolis, Univ of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Princeton Univ, Mentor Graphics, University of Seoul, Departamento de fisica de materiales, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA, Facluty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Department of Applied Physics, National Defense Academy, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Indiana University School of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Peter Gruenberg Institute, FZ Juelich, Germany, II. Institute of Physics B, RWTH Aachen, Germany, Peter Gruenberg Institute and ER-C, FZ Juelich, Germany, IFW Dresden and Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, RIKEN Cen- ter for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), University of California at Berkeley, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington, APS, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Technology Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, Aarhus University, CEA-Saclay, IEMN, 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, CUNY-City College of New York and CUNY-Graduate Center, NY, USA, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania, Australian National University, ACT, Australia, CUNY-City College of New York, NY, USA, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, University of Maryland-College Park, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, Lincoln Laboratory, Universit\'e de Sherbrooke, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, The University of Jordan, Shizuoka University, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA, The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Neutron Scattering and Magnetism, ETH Zurich, Theory of Quantum Matter Group, University of Geneva, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Eindhoven University of Technology, Universit\"at W\"urzburg, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA., Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA., Key Lab of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Virginia Tech, Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc.,, UC Santa Barbara, Leiden University, Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK, EPSRC National Centre for III-V Technologies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK, Quantum Opus, 42511 Helm St., Plymouth, MI 48170, USA, University of Edinburgh, University of Winnipeg, McMaster University, LPTHE, CNRS and Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universit\'{e}s, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Colorado State University, Lanzhou University, Department of Physics, Waseda Univ., Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, USA, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Station Q, Microsoft Research; Univ of California- Santa Barbara, Niels Bohr Institute; Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute; Station Q Copenhagen; Dusseldorf, CalTech, Univ of California - Santa Barbara; Station Q, Microsoft Research, Niels Bohr Institute, Niels Bohr Institute; University Düsseldorf, UT Austin, Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Dep. of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA, Cond. Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA, Fudan University&University of California, Irvine, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, WV 26506, USA, Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, 30010 HsinChu, Taiwan, University of Houston, USA, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Baylor University, USA, School of Materials Science and Engineering -Low dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Naval Research Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) and Shadong University, Siberian Federal University, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, University of Peradeniya, Rajarata University, Univ of California - Merced, NTU, Department of Physics and Astronomy \& Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, PSE UMASS Amherst, Chemistry Department, UMASS Amherst, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, University of California Merced, Nanyang Tech Univ, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar, University of Toronto, Canada, National Tsing-Hua University, University of Birmingham, Universite Paris Diderot, CUNY College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY 10314 USA, Rutgers Univ, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, New Jersey Inst. Tech., New Jersey Inst of Tech, L.V