Magnon-phonon coupling effects on the indirect K-edge RIXS spectrum of a 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet

ORAL

Abstract

We compute the effects of magnon-phonon coupling on the indirect K-edge bimagnon RIXS intensity in a square lattice antiferromagnet. Including spin wave expansion up to 1/S order, the Bethe-Salpeter ladder approximation scheme for the bimagnon interacting channel, and considering a second order magnon-phonon-magnon scattering interaction we study the role of magnon-phonon effect on the bimagnon RIXS spectrum. Considering the damping effects due to longitudinal acoustic phonon we find that the spectrum is indeed affected with prominent magnon-phonon damping contributions along the Brillouin zone edge. The maximal damping effects are at the zone edge points of ($\pm \pi$,0) or (0, $\pm \pi$). Using magnon-phonon coupling parameters pertinent to cuprates, we find that the RIXS bimagnon-phonon peak can be observed as a discernible shoulder in the bimagnon RIXS spectrum. We also investigate the interplay of phonons with spatial anisotropy and magnetic frustration through next nearest neighbor interaction on the bimagnon RIXS spectrum to highlight the importance of RIXS in strongly correlated systems such as cuprates and pnictides.

–

Authors

  • Trinanjan Datta

    Augusta University

  • Anatole von Lilienfeld

    The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea, Department of Structure and Constituents of Matter, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain, Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Laboratoire Jean Perrin and Laboratoire de Physique Theorique de la Matiere Condensee, CNRS/Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, QuTech, Delft Univ of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands, Center for Quantum Devices and Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Syracuse University, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada, University of Chicago, United states, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Fayetteville State University, Yangzhou University, University of Virginia, University of Tennessee, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory/Ohio University, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Ohio University, Brock University, Ontario, City College of New York, CUNY, Stanford University, Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, 78000 San Luis Potosi, Mexico., IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain, Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Material Physics Center (MPC), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC). Spain, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Augusta University, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712., University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, D-Wave Systems Inc., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, The University of Minnesota, The University of Texas at Austin, The Air Force Research Laboratory - RQQM, The University of Dayton Research Institute, Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 91767 Palaiseau, France, Thales Research and Technology, 91767 Palaiseau, France, Engineering Dept., University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, McGill University, University of Manitoba, Shanghai University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany, University of Minnesota, University of Arizona, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, The University of Texas at El Paso, W.M. Keck Center, El Paso, TX 79968, NIST - Boulder, Raytheon BBN Technologies, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Wisconsin, Madison, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, Princeton University, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Google, Santa Barbara & UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Barbara, Stockholm University, University of British Columbia, Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden and Inst. for Theor. Phys. III, Ruhr University Bochum, Dept. of Physics, Washington University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tsinghua University, Research Center Juelich, University Duisburg-Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Research Center Juelich, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory / Florida State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), INNOVENT e. V. Technologieentwicklung, Paul-Scherrer Institut, Switzerland, ISIS Neutron Facility, Columbia University, IFW Dresden, Institute for Solid State Research, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of New South Wales, TU Delft, Univ of New South Wales, Univ Grenoble-Alpes and CEA-Leti, Sandia National Laboratories, National Research Council of Canada, National Research Council, CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, CEA, LETI, Univ of Maryland-College Park, University of Maryland, NIST Gaithersburg, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Michigan State University, USA, Sun Yat-Sen University, China, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, The University of Tokyo, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, The National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kyoto University, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK, NHMFL, Tallahasse, Florida, USA, KAIST, POSTECH, Chonnam Nat. Univ., Rutgers Univ., KRISS, Seoul Nat. Univ., Korea Univ., Univ of California - Berkeley, Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Paul Scherrer Institut, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Univ of Leeds, Univ of St Andrews, GFMC, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain, Unite Mixte CNRS-THALES, Universite Paris Saclay, Palaiseau, France, University of Regensburg, Michigan State University, SIMIT CAS, QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, Denmark, University of Tsukuba, Dep. of Systems Innovation, Osaka University, Photon Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Argonne National Labaratory, Oak Ridge National Labaratory, SUNY Stony Brook, Farmingdale State College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0299, USA, NaMLab gGmbH, Noethnitzer Str. 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia, Lehigh University, Corning Inc., KIMS, Chungnam National University, Research Triangle Institute, Micross Advanced Interconnect Technologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Graduate School of science, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA 43210, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, University of Texas at Austin, DOES, SKKU, Suwon 16419, Korea, CINAP, IBS, DOES, SKKU, Suwon 16419, Korea, Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea, CINAP, IBS, Suwon 16419, Korea, Northwestern Univ, Tokyo Metropolitan University, ARL, NIST, PSU, UA, University of Southern California, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, UT 84112, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, UT 84112, USA, The University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Lab, The University of Tennessee, Wayne State University, University of Utah, Inha University, EWHA Woman's Univ, University of Notre Dame, Argonne Natl Lab, Rice Univ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, National University of Singapore, Oxford Instruments Nanoscience, Oxon, UK, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, UK, Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK, Néel Institute, Grenoble, France, Physics department, Columbia University, NY, USA, Néel Institute, Grenoble, France; Physics department, Columbia University, NY, USA, Harvard University, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, The Netherlands, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan, University of California, Berkeley, University of Warwick, Tulane University, National Institute for Materials Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, Air Force Research Laboratory, University of North Texas, University of Vermont, National Taiwan University and National Nano Device Laboratories, Tohoku University, New York University Shanghai & New York University, The University of Tokyo, PRESTO-JST, Japan, NIMS, Japan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Argonne Nat. Lab., Univ. of South Florida, Univ. of S. Florida, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Texas A\&M Univ., Fudan University, Carnegie Mellon University, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, University of Colorado-Boulder, North Carolina State University, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden Germany, National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ., Japan Accuray Co Ltd.., Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Joint Institute of Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Renmin University of China, Stanford University, SIMES, SIMES, SSRL, Univ of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Florida State Univ and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Iowa State University, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, National Research Council of Canada, Politecnico di Torino, Drexel University, ESPCI, Wageningen University, Yale, Univ of Cincinnati, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, University of Cincinnati, The University of Cincinnati, Washington University in St. Louis, MIT, Georgia Tech, University of Rochester, Univ of California - San Diego, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China, University of Iowa, University of California Riverside, Chongqing University, Physikalisches Institut, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Johns Hopkins University, Georgia Institute of Technology, The University of Alabama, Federal University of Para, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611-7200, Parisian Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 5, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA, Centre for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Rutgers University, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, RWTH Aachen, RCNP, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, University of Memphis, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Univ of Notre Dame, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, University of Leipzig, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden, Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA, Institute for Materials Science, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Unite mixte de physique CNRS/Thales, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, Universit of Sud, Universit Paris-Saclay, NTT Basic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Informatics, Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Chapman University (Intern), Chapman University (Affiliated Researcher), Australian Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Queensland, University of Queensland, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of Tennessee, University of Tennessee, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, University of Duisburg-Essen, TU Darmstadt, Ruhr-University Bochum, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, University of Vienna, Vienna University of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Univ of South Florida, National laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Caltech, Joint Quantum Institute, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, Cornell Univerisity, UCSB, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Japan, Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan, Hong Kong Univ of Sci & Tech, Army Research Lab, NHMFL, Florida State University, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Florida State University, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Dallas, Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Naval Research Lab, Washington, HLD-HZDR, NHMFL, CSNSM, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Norwegian Univ Tech (NTNU), Graduate Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, US, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Univ of California - Riverside, Walther-Meissner-Institute, Cornell University, CNF, Ithaca, NY, USA, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE, University of Sao Paulo, University of Rijeka, University of Regensburg/University of Sao Paulo, University at Buffalo, Peking University, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA Saclay, France, IFW Dresden, Institut Laue-Langevin, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Department of Physics, Renmin Univ of China, Beijing 100872, China, Rice University, Julich Centre for Neutron Science, Universite Grenoble Alpes, Beijing Normal University, Universit$\ddot{a}$t zu K$\ddot{o}$ln, Germany, Okayama Univ., Japan, LLB, France, ILL, France, MLZ, Germany, AIST, Japan, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (retired), Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Duke University, Appalachian State University, University of Tokyo, RIEKEN, Columbia Univ, Duke Univ, National Institute for Material Science, Japan, Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki, Naval Research Laboratory, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Cinvestav-Merida, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massa, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA., Brookhaven National Laboratory, Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Virginia, Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, DQMP - University of Geneva, CCES, IBS, Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (CCES, IBS), Tulane Univ, Univ of Geneva, Texas A & M University, ETRI, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States, Univ of Texas, Austin, University of Texas at Dallas, University College Cork, University of Texas, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, ASICS Corporation, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, UC Berkeley, UC Berkeley, CIO, Mexico, WSI and Physics Department, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK, Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, Department of Physics, Stanford University, Univ of Missouri - Columbia, University of Western Cape, Weizmann Institute of Science, Microsoft Research, Station Q, University of California, Microsoft Station Q, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Physics of Solids, Univ Colorado, Boulder, Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University,Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, Aalto University; Brown University, Oakland University, Aalto University, University of Tehran, Aalto University; University of Tehran, Nordita, University of Missouri, Radboud University, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, City University of New York, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560 012. India, Clark Atlanta University, Georgia State University, Hiroshima University, Japan, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Pusan National University, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Physics, CNRS Institut Neel; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Physics, CNRS Institut Neel, Indian Institute of Science, International Centre for Theoretical Studies, Raytheon BBN Technologies, Quantum Information Processing Group, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, US, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, École Normale Supérieure, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of Tennessee: Knoxville, ORNL, Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory, Politechnico di Milano, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Nist Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800 TURKEY, SLAC - Natl Accelerator Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Purdue University, Univ of Sci & Tech of China, University of Cambridge, SuperSTEM Laboratory, Universtity of Bremen, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Advanced Simulation Technology Of Mechanics R\&D, Co., Ltd., Osaka City University, Department of physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Inst. f. Theo. Phys., TU Clausthal, Germany, Inst. f. Theo. Phys., U. G\"ottingen, Germany, ESPCI Paris, Institut Langevin, Paris, France, The University of Manchester, Brown University, University of Manchester, University of Liverpool, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Univ of Chicago and Argonne National Lab, Univ of Chicago, Univ of Massachusetts at Amherst, Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, Department of Chemistry, New York University, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds & Tech, Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, JILA, University of Colorado, Delft University of Technology, Element Six Innovation, QUTech & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, University of Saarland, Element Six, The Ohio State University, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Keio University, UNC, University of Akron, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, LIPHY, Universite Grenoble Alpes, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Department of Physics, UT Austin, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Charite Berlin, Leipzig University, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) / Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), The University of Queensland, RWTH Aachen University, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, FOM Institute AMOLF, Univ of California - Santa Barbara, Ohio State University, Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Utrecht University, TU Dortmund, Unite Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Universite Paris Saclay, France, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Univ of Texas, Austin;ICQM, PKU, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA, Cornell University, Cornell University and Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, SYMMES, Univ. Grenoble Alpes / INAC-CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France, SPINTEC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes / CNRS / INAC-CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France, Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, University of Nebraska---Lincoln, University of California, Riverside, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, Instituut-Lorentz, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Japan, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Department of Physics, McCullough Building, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4045, USA, Department of Physics, IPAP, and Center for Computational Studies of Advanced Electronic Material Properties, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany, Dept. of Physics, The Univ. of Tokyo, Japan, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Stanford Univ, LBNL, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, IBS-CCES, Univ. of Kentucky, Delft Univ of Tech, Eindhoven Univ of Tech, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China, Stanford University, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford University, Department of Physics, Diamond Light Source, Ames Laboratory, Institut fur Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Technion, Physics department, Ohio State University, Physics Department, Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokodai Institute for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, University of Florida, Walther Meissner Institut, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Kent State University, University of California, San Diego, Stanford Univ. and SLAC Nat. Acc. Lab., SLAC Nat. Acc. Lab., Stanford Univ., University of Toronto \& Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy \& Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, University of Waterloo \& Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of Waterloo, Institut Laue-Langevin, France, California State Univ-Fresno, The University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, ESPCI, Paris, ETH Zurich, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, NIMS, Free University Berlin, Max Planck Institution, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, New York Univ NYU, ICM, Madrid, Northwestern University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China, CCS, University of Tsukuba, Texas A&M University, School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, LIPhy CNRS and University Grenoble Alpes, Boston Univ, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University. Piscataway, NJ 08456, Center for Emergent Materials, Department of Physics. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Institute for Basic Science, Dept. of Materials Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, China, ICQD and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, China, National Institute for Materials Science (Japan), Dept. of Physics, Pohang Univ. of Science and Technology, Korea, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan, Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Natl Taiwan Univ, Natl Taiwan Sci Educ Ctr, Natl Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Department of Chemistry, UCL, UK, Department of Physics, Hanyang Univ., Korea, School of Physics, Zhengzhou Univ., China, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Academia Sinica, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics and Center for Correlated Matter, Zhejiang University, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego; Department of Physics, Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory, university of manchester, UC San Diego, Ames Laboratory, U.S. DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa, Ames Lab, Ames. Iowa, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Louisiana State University, Dpto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. Químicas, UPV/EHU, Spain, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, International Laboratory of High Magnetic Fields and Low Temperatures, Poland, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States., Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' di Parma, Parma, Italy, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ditcot, UK, IMEM-CNR, Parma, Italy, ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, International Center For Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China, Univ of NC - Chapel Hill, University of California - Irvine, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Seoul National University, National Taiwan University, National Tsing Hua University, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, Brimrose Technologies Corporation, Sparks, MD, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, Argonne, IL, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,, Florida State University, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Cruz, Brookhaven Natl Lab, University of Oxford, National Synchrotron Research Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Osaka Prefecture University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Texas A&M Univ, Yale University, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 128-95, Pasadena, CA 91125, Ecole Polytechnique, ETH - Zurich, Universiteit Leiden, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Physics. Georgia Tech, Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, UCLA, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics \& Physics Department, Virginia Tech, Biomedical Engineering, Duquesne University, Baker Hughes, Blacksburg, Va, Korea Research Inst of Standards and Science (KRISS), Joint Quantum Institute, Univ of Maryland-College Park/NIST, Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Leiden University, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ames Laboratory, US DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, Ames Laboratory USDOE and Iowa State University, Univ of Waterloo, Tufts University, Univeristy of Rostock, University of Rostock, Heriot Watt University/School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, The Coca-Cola Company, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, Univ of Akron, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, US Army Research Laboratory, University of Tennessee; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Center for Neutron Research, NIST, University of Alberta, Hokkaido Univ, 2016 APS President, University of Michigan, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Center for Metabolic Biology, Bioinformations and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Washington College, Univ of Milan, CNRS, Lyon, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Mount Sinai, University of South Florida, Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, Wuerzburg University, University of California Berkeley, Rice University and Peking University, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, Teledyne Scientific and Imaging, ICQM Peking Univ and Rice University, ICQM Peking Univ, UC Riverside, Department of physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Peking University, Rice University, SKLSM, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, NG Next, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Southern California, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, USA, Nanophotonics Center, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Whitacre College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, Choice Research Group, Natl Chiao Tung Univ, None, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, UK, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, UK, Boston University, Bar-Ilan University, Yeshiva University, Monash University, University of California, Davis, California Polytechnic State University, Professor, Ph.D Student, Northeastern Univ, Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Institute of Physics ‘Gleb Wataghin’, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa, Osaka University, Sungkyunkwan Univ, The Univ of Hong Kong, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Henan Normal University, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Sookmyoung Women's University, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science/University of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, IQOQI, Austrian Academy of Sciences - VCQ Vienna - Uni. of Vienna, Uni. of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Uni. of Vienna, Uni. of Vienna, Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, South Korea, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, South Korea, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China, CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Division of Physics and TIMS, University of Tsukuba, Cheeshin Technology Co, Shiraz University, 1Department of Physics, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610 USA, Howard University, Pohang Univ of Sci & Tech, Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Phyiscs, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Univ, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Aalborg University, School of Physics, Tongji University, Artilux Inc., Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Fordham University, The School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia, Institute for superconducting and electronic materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Techonology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia, ENS Lyon, University of Exeter, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Division of Core Facilities Imaging, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, West Virginia University, co author, Department of Physics, Ewha Womans Univ, Department of Physics, Dongguk Univ, Dpartment of Physics, KonKuk Univ, Seoul, University of New Hampshire, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, BNL, Institute of Physics, CAS, Arizona State University, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, Seoul Natl Univ, Mi, Texas A\&M University-Commerce, North Dakota State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2700, USA, University of Minnestoa, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Fudan Univ, Chongqing Univ, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Texas Center of Superconductivity and Department of Physics, Department of Physics, Jeju National University, Department of Physics, R.O.C Military Academy, Department of Material Science and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Texas Center of Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Department of Material Science and Optoelectronics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Norfolk State University, Beijing Institute of Technology, ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Physics Department, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Physics Department,Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India, Stony Brook University, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Taiwan, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science, Huazhong University of and Science and Technology, Northeastern University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University,and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China, University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign, University of Massachusetts Amherst, The State University of New York, Albany, Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, University of Toronto, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, University of Washington, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Elettra Synchrotron Light Source, ShanghaiTech University, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University, University of Illinois, KAERI, Bragg Institute, ANSTO, LNS, PSI, Max Planck POSTECH, Max Planck, Dresden, Chung-Ang University, Sungkyunkwan University, Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin,” UNICAMP, Montana State University, Universidade de São Paulo, Physics Department, Technion, IIT Madras, The University of California, San Diego, The Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA, The Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA, Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Beihang University, department of physics. korea univ, Yonsei Univ, Natl High Magnetic Field Lab, Chonbuk Natl Univ, Univ. of Tokyo \& RIKEN CEMS, Univ of Central Florida, University of Nebraska at, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, The Hashemite University, Department of Optical science and Engineering, Fudan University, Department of Physics and Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Qu\'{e}bec, Canada, The Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Dynamics Laboratory, Utah State University Research Foundation, University of Maryland, College Park, Vienna Univ of Technology, Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, Nankai University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Pondicherry University, QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Saarland University, University of Maryland - Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA., Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA., ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, HRL Laboratories, LLC, Malibu, California, Max-Planck-Institut Mikrostrukturphysik, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (Spain), International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) (Portugal), University of Konstanz (Germany), Universidad de Alicante (Spain), NCNR-NIST, Univ. of Leeds, ISIS-STFC, IISER-Pune, PSI, UniUppsala, UniBern, EPFL, UniBasel, INST-Mohali, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, Department of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, Univ. of Kaiserslautern, Max Planck Institute of complex systems, Dresden, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich and Paul Scherrer Institut, Division of Physics, Math, and Astronomy, Caltech, Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, LNS, PSI \& University of Geneva, Univ. Augsburg \& Academy of Sciences of Moldova, University of Augsburg, LMU, PSI, ESRF, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany and Technische Universitaet Berlin, Germany, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Germany, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland, Technische Universitat München, Germany, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA, Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Germany, $ ^{3}$Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, $ ^{2}$Department of Engineering & Management of Advanced Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan, $ ^{1}$Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Chapman University, Tata Institute of Fundamental Rsearch, NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Quantronics, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, Washington University, St. Louis, Microsoft Research, Station Q, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Center for Quantum Devices, Copenhagen, Tel Aviv University, Harvard, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan, Tokyo Inst of Tech - Tokyo, Condensed Matter Theory Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Canadian Light Source, Inc., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Argonne National Lab, Univ. of Sci. and Tech. of China, Penn State Univ., Tsinghua Univ, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899 USA, 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart, Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Dept. of Physics, Virginia Tech, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS/Thales, University of St Andrews, Clark University, Seoul Natl Univ, CCES-IBS, CMPMS-BNL, LASSP-Cornell Univ, Univ of St.Andrews, KICNS - Cornell Univ, NIAIST - Tsukuba, Univ of Tokyo, NIAIST - Tsukuba, CMPMS-BNL, University of Tennessee Knoxville; Oak Ridge National Lab, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Oak Ridge National Lab, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Germany, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, India, CNRS, Univ. Complutense Madrid, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Argonne National Laboratory, USA, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, USA, Stanford University and SIMES, SLAC, SSRL, SLAC, SLAC, SIMES, SLAC, IMR, Tohoku University, LCLS, SLAC, Univ of Tokyo, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee. Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), Central South University, P.R.China., The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, JNCASR, Bangalore, University of Southern Alabama, IQM at JHU and Quantum Condensed Matter Divison at ORNL, Quantum Condensed Matter Divison at ORNL, ISSP at U Tokyo and NSS-MLF at JPARC, ISSP at U Tokyo, IQM at JHU, Harvard University and University of California, Davis, University of Illinois, Chicago, University of California, Irvine, Division of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Max Planck Institute for Complex Systems, Dresden, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Quantum Matter, Johns Hopkins University, Institute for Quantum Matter, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, University of California Irvine, University of California Irvine, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS, Univ of Texas at Austin, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State Univ, Tempe, Dept of Physics, Arizona State Univ, Tempe, School of Engineering for Matter, Transport and Energy, Univ of Texas at Austin, Dept of Physics, NCSU, Adámas Nanotechnologies, Inc, Northern Kentucky University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Materials Physics Center (CFM), Spain, CNR-IOM, Italy, Columbia University, USA, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain, Korea Adv Inst of Sci \& Tech, The Nonwovens Institute, Univ of Illinois - Chicago, Wake Forest University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Germany, NC State University, Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Germany, University of Chicago, Universidade Federal do Cear\'{a}, Univ College London, Tokyo Inst of Technology, Suranaree Univ of Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, University of California, Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Tokyo and ISSP, Univ. of Tokyo, Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Tokyo, Tribhuvan University, ICQM, Peking University, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Univ of Groningen, High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radbound University, Towson University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Hoegiro 85, Seoul 02455, Korea, Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, CNRS and Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Georgetown University, UC Berkeley, LBNL, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pusan National University, LBNL, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Ioffe Institute, ICQD, Univ. of Sci. and Tech. of China, Harvard Univ., Univ. of Utah, Imperial College London, ENS - Lyon, ETH, Prinston Univ, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sandia National Laboratory, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan, Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,, Dept. of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Inst. of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Emory University, Dalhousie University, University of California - Davis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Federal University of Piaui, Zhejiang University, China Acad of Engr Phys, Department of Physics, Osaka University, Ames Laboratory/Iowa State University, Iowa State University/Ames Laboratory, UC Davis, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Sichuan University, China, Southeast University, China, Bilkent Univ, North Carolina State Univ., Univ., of Maryland, North Carolina State Univ.; Aalto Univ., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City Univ of Hong Kong, Washington University, Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, Institut Laue Langevin, Paul Scherrer Institute, Univ of Birmingham, Univ of Montreal, Center for Information Networking and Telecommunication City College of New York (CCNY),, Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, South Korea, UCSD, NYU, Center for Soft and Living Matter, IBS; Department of Chemistry, UNIST, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics and Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology; Center for Soft and Living Matter, IBS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia, Niels Bohr Institute, Danish Quantum Optics Center QUANTOP, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark, E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, JILA, NIST and CU Boulder, Leibniz University Hannover, NIST, Boulder, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Miami University, Ecole Polytech de Montreal, Florida State Univ, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Japan, Georgetown University, Department of Physics, Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, UR1 CNRS/Synchrotron SOLEIL, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Synchrotron SOLEIL, ShanghaiTech University, University of Oxford, ALS, ALS,ShanghaiTech University, TU Dresden, Institute of Physics, ASCR, University of Zurich, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, Brookhaven National Lab, USA, Princeton University, USA, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA, Boston College, Boston, USA, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Oxford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ames Laboratory \& Iowa State University, Simon Fraser University, Elizabethtown College, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia institute of Technology, Atlanta, 771 Ferst Drive, GA, USA, Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea, Glenville High School, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Department of Physics and Astronomy \& NQPI, Ohio University, Salk Institute, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, Bielefeld University, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, State Univ of NY, Washington Univ., St. Louis, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Institute IMDEA Nanoscience, Madrid Spain, Institute of Electronic Materiazls Technology, Warsaw , Poland, Department of physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, MO 65409 USA, LNCMI-CNRS, 25 rue des martyrs, Grenoble, France, Suranaree Univ of Tech., Univ of Warwick, Tokyo Institute of Tech., Univ of Tokyo \& RIKEN, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University, University of California San Diego, Dept. of Elec. Eng., UCLA, University of Toronto, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Boston Coll, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Canada, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, UK, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, UK, Institute for Quantum Matter and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Max Plank Institute, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, National Research Centre “ Kurchatov Institute, ”, Instrument Source Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Data Analysis and Visualization Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ETH, Zurich, IMPMC Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, CEA DAM DIF, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, Washington DC, Naval Research Lab Code 6182, Naval Research Lab Code 7130, Enli Technology, Kaohsiung Science Park, Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Optoelectronics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Physics, Military Academy, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Univ of Melbourne, Sandia Natl Labs, University of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sandia National Labs, Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Perimeter Institute, ALS, LBNL, ALS and MSD, LBNL, Department of Physics, University of Kentucky, Univ of Minnesota, Univ of Virginia, Station Q, Microsoft Research, Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, KTH Stockholm, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, China, Max-Planck-Institut, Dresden, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Station Q, Santa Barbara, Oak Ridge National Lab Spallation Neutron Source, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, University of Delaware, USA, QuantumWise A/S, Denmark, California State University, USA, Univ del Pais Vasco, Ikerbasque basque foundation, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle, IBM Almaden Research Ctr, Mandlestam Institute for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Neel, F-38000 Grenoble, France, University College London, University of Surrey, Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University,, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin,, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ISSP, University of Tokyo, Ochanomizu University, NSRRC, HiSOR, Institute for Research in Electronics & Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA, University of California Los Angeles, Technion, Center for Electronic Materials and Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST), Korea, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technolog, Korea, Universidad Complutense, QCMD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory and QCMD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA, Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Physics Department, Boston College, Swiss Muon Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, BESSY-II, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, SLAC and Stanford, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The North Carolina State University, The Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, MINT Center, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,TN 37831 USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Pittsburgh, National Cheng Kung University, IBM Research - Zurich, SPEC, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France, LPS, Orsay, France, LNCMI, Toulouse, France, University of Texas, Austin, USA, ECE and MSE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, Dept of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, IIT Kanpur, UP 208016, India, AEP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, MSE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, Electronics Science and Technology Division, U.S. NRL, Washington, DC 20375, ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, University of Geneva, Department of Quantum Matter Physics, Geneva, National Institute of Standards and Technology/CNAM, MD, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, Université de Sherbrooke and Institut quantique, Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institut f\"{u}r Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universit\"{a}t Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Boeing-Spectrolab Inc., University of Toledo, Seton Hall Univ, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Washington University, Ewha Womans Univerisity, Korea Advanced Nanofab Center (KANC), University of Wyoming, University of Oklahoma, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada, University of Waterloo / Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leuven / University of Amsterdam, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Renmin Univ of China, Advanced Light Sources, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Bar Ilan University, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, National Sun Yat-Sen U., Taiwan, Bragg Institute, Australia, National Central University, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Maryland, 20742, Institute for Research in Electronics \& Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Sogang University, University of Ulsan, UNIST, Polytechnique Montreal, Universite de Montreal, RIKEN, UNC Charlotte, HFML, Nijmegen, FSU $\&$ NHMFL, Department of Physics. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210, randolph.elmquist@nist.gov, National Physical Laboratory, Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cambridge, UK, London Center for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK, CEA-Leti, Grenoble, France, Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungs Zentrum Juelich, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing Univers, Vanderbilt Univ. & ORNL, ORNL & Univ. of Tennessee, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee FL, 32310, USA, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee FL, 32307, USA, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, IBS-CCES, Seoul Natl. Univ., Sungkyunkwan Univ., Kunsan Natl. Univ., Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Univ. of Seoul, Sungkyunkwan Univ., IBS-CINAP, Temple Univ, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 573-701, South Korea, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Univ of Northern Iowa, Penn State Univ, Towson Univ, UFMG, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China, I. Institute of Physics, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany, Tohoku Univ., JASRI, Hiroshima City Univ., Nagoya Institute of Tech., Univ of Vermont, The Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew Universit, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, Federal University of Parana, Union College, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Central Florida, University of Paris-Sud, Brookhaven National Lab, Pacicfic Northwest National Lab, Retired, Institute of Physics, NCTU, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, KFU, Russia, Kyushu University, NSLS II, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, NIST NCNR / Univ of Maryland, Stevens Institute of Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Univ of Memphis, Physics Departiment, National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA, Institute for Mechanical Engineering, Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization (MPIDS), 37077 Gottingen, Germany, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany; Harvard University, Cambrigde, MA, USA, Brandeis University, University of California, Merced, Dipartimento FIM, Universita di Modena e Reggio E. and Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR, via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy, Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR, via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Quantum Device Lab, ETH Zurich, Quantronics group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Department of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Institute for Experimental Physics II, Universitat Leipzig, Linnstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Iowa State Univ, Molecular Physics, University Leipzig, Linnestr. 5, 04317 Leipzig, Germany, University Halle Wittenber, Halle-Saale, Germany, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, University of Ioannina, Osnabrueck University, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Indian Institute of Technology - Gandhinagar, Univ of Minn - Minneapolis, Univ of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Princeton Univ, Mentor Graphics, University of Seoul, Departamento de fisica de materiales, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA, Facluty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Department of Applied Physics, National Defense Academy, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Indiana University School of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Peter Gruenberg Institute, FZ Juelich, Germany, II. Institute of Physics B, RWTH Aachen, Germany, Peter Gruenberg Institute and ER-C, FZ Juelich, Germany, IFW Dresden and Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, RIKEN Cen- ter for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), University of California at Berkeley, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington, APS, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Technology Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, Aarhus University, CEA-Saclay, IEMN, 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, CUNY-City College of New York and CUNY-Graduate Center, NY, USA, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania, Australian National University, ACT, Australia, CUNY-City College of New York, NY, USA, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, University of Maryland-College Park, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, Lincoln Laboratory, Universit\'e de Sherbrooke, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, The University of Jordan, Shizuoka University, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA, The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Neutron Scattering and Magnetism, ETH Zurich, Theory of Quantum Matter Group, University of Geneva, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Eindhoven University of Technology, Universit\"at W\"urzburg, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA., Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA., Key Lab of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Virginia Tech, Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc.,, UC Santa Barbara, Leiden University, Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK, EPSRC National Centre for III-V Technologies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK, Quantum Opus, 42511 Helm St., Plymouth, MI 48170, USA, University of Edinburgh, University of Winnipeg, McMaster University, LPTHE, CNRS and Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universit\'{e}s, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Colorado State University, Lanzhou University, Department of Physics, Waseda Univ., Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, USA, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Station Q, Microsoft Research; Univ of California- Santa Barbara, Niels Bohr Institute; Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute; Station Q Copenhagen; Dusseldorf, CalTech, Univ of California - Santa Barbara; Station Q, Microsoft Research, Niels Bohr Institute, Niels Bohr Institute; University Düsseldorf, UT Austin, Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Dep. of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA, Cond. Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA, Fudan University&University of California, Irvine, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, WV 26506, USA, Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, 30010 HsinChu, Taiwan, University of Houston, USA, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Baylor University, USA, School of Materials Science and Engineering -Low dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Naval Research Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) and Shadong University, Siberian Federal University, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, University of Peradeniya, Rajarata University, Univ of California - Merced, NTU, Department of Physics and Astronomy \& Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, PSE UMASS Amherst, Chemistry Department, UMASS Amherst, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, University of California Merced, Nanyang Tech Univ, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar, University of Toronto, Canada, National Tsing-Hua University, University of Birmingham, Universite Paris Diderot, CUNY College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY 10314 USA, Rutgers Univ, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, New Jersey Inst. Tech., New Jersey Inst of Tech, L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics at the University of Houston and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Tennessee, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics at the University of Houston, Department of Physics, Yonsei University, University of South Alabama, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge University, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Advanced Photon Source, Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Japan, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, UC Berkeley/LBNL/Kavli ENSI, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, University of Copenhagen, Shanghai Normal University, Univ of Sherbrooke, LPA-CNRS, IOP-CAS, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Penn State University, Indian Inst of Science, Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Korea, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Korea, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville/ Oak Ridge National Laboratory, SIMES, SLAC \& Stanford University, Advanced Light Source, LBNL, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Physics Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, National Institute of Standards \& Technology, University of Texas, Austin, UTRC, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 U.S.A., Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 U.S.A., Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 U.S.A., University of South Dakota, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklin, Greece, Theory of Condensed Matter, University of Cambridge, Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of North Texas, Denton, TX, Dept. of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, School of Pharmacy, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, Dept. of Materials Science, UC Berkeley, CA, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, UC Louvain, Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo and Institute of Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Colorado School of Mines and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, University of Colorado, National Synchrotron Radiation Center, California State University, Long Beach, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Japan., Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Japan, Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan, Univ of British Columbia, Canadian Light Source, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Univ. of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Univ. Sao Carlos, Brazil, Max Plank Institute of complex systems, Dresden, Germany, Univiversity of British Columbia, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, HK, Universit\"{a}t Frankfurt, Germany, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, Georgetown Univ, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Univ of Mass - Amherst, University of Michigan, Lehman College - CUNY, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Department of Physics, Duke University, Montpellier University, Physics department, University of Santiago, Université de Montpellier; Duke University, Université Rennes 1, University of Stuttgart, Universit\'{e} de Montpellier, Presbyterian College, UMass Amherst, AMOLF Amsterdam, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden University, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Physique Theorique, Universite' Paris Saclay, CNRS, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, United States Army Research Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, University of Twente, Physics of Fluids, Universiteit Twente, Univ of Nebraska-Lincoln, California State University, San Bernardino, Universite de Louvain, UC Santa Barbara - Materials, PolyK Technologies, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, University of Geneva, University of Cornell, University of Delaware, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Rutgers University, Kongju National University, Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia, Scientific IT Services, ETH Zurich, Baylor Colledge of Medicine, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Akron, CNR-SPIN and Universita' degli Studi di Salerno, Italy, Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, IFW Dresden, Walter Schottky Insitut and Physics department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, D-85748 Garching, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Festk\"orperforschung, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique F\'{e}d\'{e}rale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, U.S. Army Research Laboratory - APG, Lockheed-Martin, ARL DOD Supercomputing Resource Center, University of Connecticut, Univ. of the Basque Country, University of Ilinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Luxembourg, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Physics, Temple University,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University., Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University., ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Yale School of Medicine, Yale Univ, Queens College of CUNY, Louisiana State Univ - Baton Rouge, \'Ecole Polytechnique F\'ed\'erale de Lausanne, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Gordon College, Department of Physics, Wenham, MA 01984, Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences Towson University, Texas Tech University, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, National Centre for Biological Sciences TIFR, India, Ball State University, Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Dept. Physics, North Dakota State University, Dept. Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Israel Institute of Technology, Missouri University of Science and Technology, The University of Texas at El Paso, State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, University of San Diego, Georgia State Univ, Department of Physics, UNIST, Korea, IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, and Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea, University of Duisburg-Essen Lotharstr, JASRI/SPring-8, Grad. Sch. Eng., IMCE, WPI-I2CNER, Kyushu Univ., LPTMC, CNRS-UMR 7600, Universit\'e Pierre et Marie Curie, Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Netherlands, University of Milano, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of Charleston, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Mathematical Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Nagoya University, Univ of NC - Chapel Hil, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Air Force Rsch Lab - WPAFB, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA, Hongik University, Univ of Pennsylvania, Hallym University, Chungnam Natl Univ, Tufts Univ, Univ of Rostock, Simon Bolívar University, University of the Basque Country, James Madison University, High Point University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter,Xiamen University,China, Physics Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O.Box 1176, Ethiopia, North Carolina State Univ, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Princeton, Creighton University, Univ of Houston, Penn State, Univ of Delaware, NIST, University of Houston, University of Yamanashi, Department of Microelectronics and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD and Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, Walther-Meissner-Institut, TU Muenchen, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Forschungszentrum J\"ulich, D-52425 J\"ulich, Germany, Institute of Metal Physics, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia, University of Hamburg, Bryn Mawr College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Argonne National Laboratory and Tsinghua University, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, Physics Dept., University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA, Istituto de Strutura della Materia (CNR), Rome, Italy, Fritz-Haber-Institute, Germany, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Spain, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, Diamond Light Source, UK, Universitaet Zuerich, Switzerland, NTHU, National Institute of Materials Science, Japan, UCL, UK, KTH, Sweden, ISIS neutron source, UK, PSI, Switzerland, Cardiff University, UK, Université de Lyon, Cornell University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, University College Cork, SPINTEC, CEA-INAC/CNRS/Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA-LETI, IJL-CNRS/U. Lorraine, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CIC nanoGUNE, Rigetti Quantum Computing, RIST, Western Michigan University, Univ. of Michigan, Stanford Univ, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, Princeton Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, ISSP, Nanjing Univ., Nanyang Tech. Univ., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Univ. of Central Florida, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich and JARA, Donostia International Physics Center, Beijing National Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL, Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Theoretical Physics and Station Q Zurich, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Structure of Materials Group, ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Quantum Matter Institute, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany, Nanyang Technical Univ, National Univ of Singapore, National Tsing Hua Univ, Research Centre National University of Singapore, MPI-CPfS, Dresden \& Univ. of St Andrews, UK, MPI-CPfS, Dresden, Univ. of St Andrews, UK, Univ. of St Andrews, UK \& Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, University of Tokyo and RIKEN CEMS, RIKEN CEMS, Osaka University and JST PRESTO, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics and Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facility, United Kingdom, Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, China and National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece, Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA, Physics Illinois, Joint Institute of UMich-SJTU, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing (MOE), Shanghai, China, Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Tokyo and ISSP, ISSP, State University of New York at Stony Brook, National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA, J\"ulich Supercomputing Centre, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich GmbH, D-52425 J\"ulich, Germany, Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Univ. of Tennessee, Columbia Univ., Postech, IBS and KAIST, Binghamton University, Cornell University, Code 6393, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC Madrid, Spain, Department of Computational and Data Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax VA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M., Germany, SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Electronic Sci & Tech, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, Sandia National Labs-Livermore, Materials Physics Dept., University Of Illinois At Chicago, University of Rhode Island, Gunma U., JASRI SPring-8, Northeastern U., Kyoto U., Northeastern U. and AGH U. of Sc. and Tech., Northeastern Univ., Gunma Univ., J.A.S.R.I., Kyoto Univ., Northeastern Univ. and AGH U. of Sc. and Tech., Univ. Antwerpen, Ritsumeikan Univ., Q-Mat/CESAM/Universite Liege/Belgique, CRISMAT/CNRS/ENSICAEN, UMP/CNRS/THALES/Universite Orsay/France, UJF/CNRS/Universite de Loraine/Nancy/France, Department of Physics, Southeast University, DQMP, University of Geneva, LPS, Université Paris-Sud, Istituto dei Materiali, CNR-IOM and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, DQMP, University of Geneva and LPS, Université Paris-Sud, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Univalle, UF, Uniandes, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan, Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Japan, NIST Center for Neutron Research, NIST and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, NIST Center for Neutron Research, NIST, National Chiao Tung University, East China Normal University, University of Science and Technology Beijing, University of Wisconsin-- Madison, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Univeristy of California - San Diego, Michigan State Univ, RMIT University, Cfm, Cemes, Intevep, Tecnalia, Stone Ridge Technology, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Lehigh University, Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Department of Chemistry, University of PA, Dept. of Physics, Caltech, Dept. of Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA, Dept. of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, UMass Amherst, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, UMass Amherst, Department of Chemistry, UPenn, Department of Physics & Astronomy, UMass Amherst, Department of Physics, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Towson University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan, Deparment of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Univ of Tokyo, RIKEN, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Université Paris-Sud, Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, SUTD, Nagoya univ., Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept. of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19014, Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Eisenforschung, University of Paderborn, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Solar Weaver GmbH, Yokohama National University, University of Tsukuba, Japan, ENS Paris, Aix Marseille Univ, Cavendish Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Department of Physics and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Dept. of Physics, UCSB, Dept. of Physics, CUHK, Electrical Engineering Dept., Princeton Univ, Material Dept., UCSB, Naval research Laboratory, The University of Oklahoma, Homer L. Dodge Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Departamento de F\'{\i}sica, Escuela Superior Polit\'ecnica del Litoral, ESPOL., Departamento de Qu\'imica e Ingenier\'ia Qu\'imica, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, USFQ., H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel, Temple University, Korea University, Universit{\'e} de Cergy-Pontoise, France, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, University of Innsbruck, Austria, CNRS Toulouse, Universit{\'e} Paul Sabatier, France, Beijing Normal Univ, Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China, Vienna University, CMP, University of Wisconsin, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA, Chonbuk National University, Soongsil University, National Academy of Sciences, Air Force Res. Lab. Wright–Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA, Institute of Solid State Physics and Chemistry, Uzhgorod National University, 88000 Uzhgorod, Ukraine, Dept. of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA, Dept. of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, Harvard Univ, University of Maryland - College Park, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Canterbury, Department of Physics, Yale University, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems - Dresden, William & Mary Coll, Politecnico di Milano, GRASP, University of Liege, Splash Lab, Utah State University, Brigham Young University, Univ de Grenoble, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA, School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China, LANL, INL, INL, UNLV, Purdue Univ, Syracuse University, Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Tradizionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Emato-Oncologia, ICREA at Institute for Bioengineering for Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Central Michigan University, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0826, Japan, Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, CHina, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Temple U., UPenn, Temple U.,Georgia Tech, Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Univ. Dusseldorf, ISI Foundation, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Technical University Darmstadt, Georgia Inst of Tech, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Physics Department, Virginia Tech, Network Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Cognitive Ethology Lab, German Primate Center, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Kyoto Univ, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, University of Cologne, University of Leeds, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua Univ, Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Quantum Technology Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Laboratory of Physical Sciences, University of California and Google, Santa Barbara, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Joint Quantum Institute, Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Sweden, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, USA, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Departamento de Fisica, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, University of Basel, IFSC/USP, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN CEMS, University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV-26505, USA, State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Physics, Penn State University, Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. Tech., Theoretical Physics, Saarland Univ., Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) and QuTech, Delft Univ. Tech., Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics,, University of Sherbrooke, Basque Foundation for Science, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, Stanford University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Hiroshima University, ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA 94720, US, Dept. of Phys., Pusan National U., Busan 609-735, Korea. Max Plank POSTECH Center for Complex Phase Materials, POSTECH, Korea., CMPMSD, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY 11973, US, CMPMSD, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY 11973, US and Shenyang National Lab. for Materials Science, Inst. of Metal Research, CAS, China., Condensed Matt. Phys. and Materials Science Dept, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY 11973, US, Dept. of Phys. & Astro, Rutgers U., Piscataway, NJ 08854, US., Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,, SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CASHIPS, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, National High Magnetic Field Lab, University of Tokyo and JST PRESTO, CMRC/PF, KEK, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Advanced Materials University of Kentucky, KY, Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Boston College, and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Center for Advanced Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kentucky, KY, Department of Physics, Florida State University, FL, Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland, Laboratory for Scientific Developments and Novel Materials, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, SLAC and Stanford University, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, Politecnico di Milano, Itlay, ESRF, France, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, CNR/SPIN, BTU Cottbus, SMC-INFM, Harvard University, The University of California at Davis, University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, University of California, San diego, Fudan University, Shanghai, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai 200240, China, California State Univ., Fresno, Ca 93740, USA, California State Univ., Los Angeles, Ca 90032, USA, ISIS facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, Univ. of California, Riverside, Ca 92521, USA, Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, MSTD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Maryland and NIST Center for Neutron Research, University of Tulsa, Univ of Edinburgh, US Naval Research Laboratory, George Mason University, Kurume Institute of Technology, Texas A\&M University, Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198 Japan., AIMR and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, AIMR, Tohoku University, Meiji University, Tokyo University of Science, Department of physics and engineering physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, University of Wuerzburg, Germany, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Diamond Light Source, United Kingdom, Swiss Light Source, Switzerland, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, University of Arkansas, Tongji University, Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UIUC, Nanophotonics and Metamaterials Laboratory, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland, Institute of Exp. and Appl. Physics, Univ. of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany, Fakult\"at für Physik, LMU, 80539 M\"unchen, Germany, Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota; Ioffe Institute, St Petersburg, University of Alicante, University of Alicante and International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge National Lab and Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Inha Univ. Korea, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Univ of Colorado - Boulder and JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Uppsala University, OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Kansas State University, Cornell Univ, Institute of Physics, China, Univ., of Notre Dame, Renmin Univ., of China, Univ., of New Hampshire, BNL, Univ., of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Universty of Utah, Washington State University, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Carnegie Institution for Science, University of Oxford, Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Department of Physics, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Delaware, UC Berkeley and LBL, State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States, Physics Department at UC Berkeley, Physics Department at UC Berkeley and LBNL, Istituto di Struttura della Materia of the National Research Council and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Italy, Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA Saclay, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, University of California - Berkeley, Middle East Technical University, Bilkent University, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pku Univ, US Army Rsch Lab - Adelphi, US Army Research Lab - Aberdeen, Nagoya Univ., Department of Physics and IPAP, and Center for Computational Studies of Advanced Electronic Material Properties, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea, Georgia Tech University, UES Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Creatv Microtech, U. Texas, U. Houston, Kansas State U., East China Normal Univ, Washington University in Saint Louis, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, Dept. of Physics, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA, Physical Sciences Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, University of California - Santa Barbara, Bell Laboratories, Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Delft Technical University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Laboratorium fur Festkorperphysik, ETH - Zurich, Dept. of Physics, Duke University and Army Aviation & Missile RD&E Center, Redstone Arsenal, Army Aviation & Missile RD&E Center, Redstone Arsenal, Georgia State Univ, USA, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Mississippi State University, University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, ICMS, Temple University, Philadelphia, AMOLF, The Netherlands, Renmin University, University of California at Northridge, Univ of California - Los Angeles, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University of Leiden / AMOLF, School of Physics and Technology and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, Argonne National Laboratoty, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Festk\"orperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Pennsylvania State Univ, SAGE Electrochromics, Stanford synchrotron radiation lightsource, Gyeongsang National University, Dongguk University, Univ British Columbia, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Univ de Louvain, Max-Planck-Institute, Northrop Grumman Systems Corp., Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium, The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Dept. of Physics, University of California Berkeley; Kavli NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA, Dept. of Physics, University of California Berkeley; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, CA, USA, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Dept. of Physics, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA, Univ Catholique de Louvain, CNRS and Grenoble-Alpes University, Univ of Texas, San Antonio, TIFR Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Univ of Houston - Clear Lake, Physics of Living Systems, MIT, Departments of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Applied Physics, and Physics, Yale University, Benjamin Levish Institute and the Department of Physics, The City College of New York, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Univ of Oregon, Department of Physics, Roger Williams University, Beijing University, Beijing University, University of Texas at Austin, University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sci (CAS) & Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, USA, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sci (CAS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Physikalisches Institut and Roentgen Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, University of California--Berkeley, Japan National Institute for Materials Science, National Institute for Material Science, Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China, Microsoft Research, The University of Hong Kong, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Germany, Nanjing University, China, Grenoble Alps University, Neel Institute, CNRS, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, QUANTIC team, INRIA de Paris; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Engineering Physics, Tulane University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, IBM Research - Zurich, Switzerland, Aix-Marseille Universit\'{e}, CNRS, IM2NP UMR7334, 13397 Marseille, France, SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 200050, Department of Physics and NHMFL, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA, KIT, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe, Germany, CNR-Instituto Nanoscienze, Modena, Italy, NHMFL and FSU Physics, Tallahassee, FL, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, FL 32306, Physics Dept. Florida State University / National High Magnetic Field Lab, Chemistry Dept, Fu Jen Catholic University, A. Mickiewicz University, Poland, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Princeton University, New Jersey, The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia, Aix-Marseille Universit\'{e}, CNRS, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, Boston College, Link\"{o}ping University, Sweden, chad@rigetti.com, Rigetti Computing, Rigetti Comptuing, Google, Santa Barbara, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Google and University of California, CNRS-LAAS, Center for Quantum Devices and Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Tokyo Institute of Technology, TIES, Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland, Dept. of Physics, Tokyo Tech.; TIES, Tokyo Tech.; CREST, JST., Sophia University, AdSM, Hiroshima University, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA, Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials, Rutgers University, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China, Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory for Scientific Developments and Novel Materials, Paul Scherrer Institut, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, University of Kyoto, Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan, ORNL, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, NHMFL, Tallahassee, Florida, HFML, Radboud Uni., Nijmegen, The Netherlands, BUTE, Budapest, Hungary, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, USA, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA, Chungbuk National University, Korea, Peking University, China, Dept. of Basic science, the University of Tokyo, IFP, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rutgers University, and Pohang University of Science and Technology, University of North Florida, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, and MURR, Peking Univ, Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, Universit Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA, Dep. Physics, Tohoku Univ., Dep. Basic Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Kent State Univ., California State Univ. Fresno, Univ. of California - San Diego, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China, Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Japan, Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan, Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Japan, Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Ames Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, ISU, Dept. of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, ICQM, School of Physics, Peking University, Collège de France, IPhT, CEA, CPHT, École Polytechnique, Nihon University, Mitsubishi Elec Res Lab, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., King's College London, Univ of California- Riverside, University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, Dept. of Physics, Georgetown University, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, HISKP, University of Bonn, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Phys. \& Natl. High Magnetic Field Lab., Florida State Univ., Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan., Cavendish Lab., Cambridge, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Karlsruhe, Los Alamos National Labs., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Center for Hierarchical Material Design, Northwestern University, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Rep of For, Chungnam University, Rep of Kor, Seoul National University, Rep of Kor, Korea University, Rep. of Kor, University of Science and Technology, Rep of Kor, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science, Brookhaven National Lab, University of Wisconsin Madison, Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Dept of Cell & Developemnt Biology, Jerusalem, Israel, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Dept Of Applied Physics, Jerusalem, Israel, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, FORTH/ECI-HT, Patras, Greece, Department of Physics, Stanford University, CA, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, CA, USA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Waterloo, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Eisenforschung GmbH, Duesseldorf, Germany, Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany, JILA - Univ of Colorado, Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, University of Tübingen, Lund Univ/Lund Inst of Tech, Department of Physics, University of California Riverside, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, Rice University, Houston, TX, CINAP, IBS, DOES,SKKU., Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Univ of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Baylor Univeristy, Univ of Tennessee, Hunter college, CUNY, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universität Berlin, Baylor Univ, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, CNMS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, CNMS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, CNMS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Xiamen University, Massachuusetts Institute of Technology, University of Hong Kong, Air Force Research Lab, Space Vehicles Division, USA, Hunter College, CUNY, Southeast University, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Division of Material Science & Engineering, Boston University, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Electro-Optics Program and Department of Physics , University of Dayton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Electro-Optics Program, University of Dayton, Univ of Utah, Purdue University, Indiana, US, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway, Components Research, Intel Corporation, 2501 NW 229th Ave, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, Purdue University, USA, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Qutech, TU Delft, The Netherlands, Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, $^{*}$University of Wisconsin-Madison, $^{\dagger}$Delft University of Technology, $^{\ddagger}$Intel Corp., University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFRJ, Saint John's University, Los Alamos National Lab, U. of Michigan, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab,, Department of Physics, Kyoto University, RIKEN, CEMS, Riken, Univ of Tokyo-Kashiwanoha, Los Alamos Nat'l Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Nat'l Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA, Rice University, USA, Zhejiang University, China, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, Univ of California - Davis, HPCAT, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institute of Washington, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, Harvard university, AMOLF, Texas Tech University, Dept of Physics, UPenn, Dept of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Applied Science, College of William and Mary, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Missouri State University, Springfield, USA, Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Gettysburg College, Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot, Israel 76100, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, Department of Physics, Gettysburg College, Gettsyburg, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110067, India., Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India., 2 Dept of Biol \& Environ Eng, Cornell Univ, 1 Dept of Biomed Sci, Cornell Univ, 1, 2, Georgia Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Univ of California - Berkeley; LBNL, Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science; Massey University, Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, University of Liège, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Department of Physics, Fudan University, School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Procter & Gamble, AGH University of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University- Florida State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA, Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science,School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092,Shanghai, China, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of North Texas, Dept. of Physics, Central Michigan University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, University of Missouri - Columbia, Tianjin University, Deparment of Condensed Matter Theory, UPV-EHU, Leioa, Spain, Center of Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, University of Bordeaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Université Montpellier 2, Lamar University, Colorado Sch of Mines, Lead Data Scientist, Charity Navigator, 139 Harristown Rd \#101, Glen Rock, NJ 07452, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;, CNRS and ENS, ENS, Institute for Advanced Study, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, University of Fribourg, Northern Illinois University, University of Toulouse, Army Research Development and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, The Dow Chemical Company, University of North Texas, Denton TX, Central Michigan University, MI,, Central Michigan University, MI, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil, Center of General Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Sophia University, Japan, Harvard University, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Laboratory for Physical Science, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, University of Souther California, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Labs, National Institute for Materials Sceince, Julich Center for Neutron Science, Physics, University of California, San Diego, Physics, Fudan University, China, Cal State LA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Los Angeles,90032, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena-USP, University of São Paulo, University of California at Irvine, Univ Sao Paulo, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers University, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Fudan Univ., Low Temperature Physics and Superconductivity Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Geothe University Frankfurt, Germany, Brookhaven National National Laboratory, Canadian Neutron Beam Centre, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Institute for Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Sstanford University, North Carolina A&T State University, Department of Physics,National Sun Yat-sen University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, West Chester University, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany, Western Digital, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China, Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States, Fert Beijing research institute, School of electronic and information engineering, BDBC, Beihang University, Beijing, China, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Cientıfica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San Jose, University of California, San Diego,, Universite de sherbrooke, Belarus Academy of Sciences, US Naval Academy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Physics, University of Texas, KU Leuven, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, UIUC, KITP, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University and KITP, Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del CNR, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, VLC Photonics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and MIT Lincoln Laboratory, TU Wien, China Aademy of Engineering Physics, Ethiopian Academy of Sciences, Florida International University, Bradley University, University of St. Thomas, American Association of Physics Teachers, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Department of Mathematics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, R. O. C., Universidade Federal Fluminense, Universidad Federico Santa Maria, Department of physics, Korea Univ, Department Of Physics Univ of Houston - Clear Lake, The university of Tokyo, School of Engineering, Department of Chemical System Engineering, Dept. of Physics, Kumamoto University, CACS, Depts. of Physics & Astronomy, Computer Science, and Chemical Engg. & Material Science, USC, CACS, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, USC, Tongji Univ, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran, Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Transylvania Univ, University of Michigan, Istanbul University, University of Huston, Universität Bayreuth, Germany, University of Strasbourg, France, Univ of New Orleans, Hitachi ltd., Hitachi High-Technologies, University of Texas Austin, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, University of Michigan, Dearborn, 300 Below Inc., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Millikin University, Center for Entrepreneurship, Millikin University, Millikin University, Rochester Inst of Tech, 300 Below, Inc., City Colleges of Chicago, Ithaca College, Cleveland State University, Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, Hartnell Comm Coll, Johns Hopkins Univ, University of Michigan, Duke University, University of Maryland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, JARA-Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universitaet Regensburg, Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics, Frankfurt (Oder), Institut quantique and D\'epartement de physique, Universit\'e de Sherbrooke \& Candian Institut for Advanced Research, CIFAR, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Institut quantique and D\'epartement de physique, Universit\'e de Sherbrooke, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305, INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Physics Department and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Department of Applied Physics and Department of Physics, Yale University, Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Univ of California - Irvine, CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, F-38000 Grenoble, France, Ludwig Max Univ Muenchen, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, The University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, IBM Almaden Res Ctr, Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University and INRIA Paris Rocquencourt, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Dept. of Physics, National Taiwan University, CCMS, National Taiwan University, IAMS, Academia Sinica, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin,, Department of Materials science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University,, Missouri State Univ, Dept of Mat. Sci. and Engr., Univ of Wisconsin, Univ of Wisconsin, University of Konstanz, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Univ of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Department of Physics, Boston College, USA, Univ., of Li\`{e}ge, Univ., Grenoble Alpes - CNRS, Univ., Federal de Sao Carlos, Peter Gruenberg Institut, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, ETH, Switzerland, EPFL, Switzerland, University of Dallas, CD-FMat, AIST, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA, Drexel University, PA, USA, Vanderbilt University,TN, USA, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA, Battery Innovation Center, Newberry, Indiana, USA, School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, USA, Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, Science Technology Center Reactivelectron of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 83049 Donetsk, Ukraine, Shangdong University, ISIR, Osaka Univ., NIMS, MI2I, NIMS, MI2I, U. of Waterloo, Tulane U., NC State, Idaho National Laboratory, Ohio Univ. / Argonne National Lab., CEMES, CNRS, Toulouse, Ohio Univ., Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universitaet Marburg, Benedict College, MPI-CPfS, ILL, Grenoble, Duke University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science & Oak Ridge National Laboratory Materials Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory - Advanced Light Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Materials Science and Technology Division, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, University of Science and Technology of China, Dongguk University-Seoul, Hubei University, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, AL 35487-0324, University of Oviedo and CINN, IMDEA Nanoscience, University of Oviedo, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Physical Institute, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, Univ of California-Santa Cruz, National Institute of Materials Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, City College of CUNY, Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius LT-01108, Lithuania, 3rd Physics Institute, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, GT-Lorraine; UMI 2958, Institut Nel, CNRS-Universit Grenoble Alpes; Georgia Tech, Institut Nel, CNRS-Universit Grenoble Alpes, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Clemson Univ, Istutito Italiano di Tecnologia, Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, USA, MPI Dresden, Centre de nanoscience et nanotechnologie, Marcoussis, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, ENS Paris, CNRS, City College of the City University of New York, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, University of California - San Diego, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC, New York University, Florida State University/National High Magnetic Field Lab, Chalk River Laboratories, NHMFL, FSU, NHMFL, LANL, LANL/NHMFL, NHMFL/FSU, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago and Physics, University College London, BSS, Cavendish Lab, University of Cambridge, UK, Physics of Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, ULB, Belgium, Department of Physics; Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, UK, NIST and Delaware U., Indiana U. and NIST, IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Inst for Advanced Study; Rockefeller University, Martin A School of Physics, Brandeis Unv, Levich Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, CCNY, James Franck Institute and University of Chicago, Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Ulm University, University of Leeds Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Washington Atmospheric Sciences, Oklahoma University Medicine, Kyushu Univ, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Univ of Florida, CEA-INAC-SPrAM, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos, Singapore, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, University of Maribor, and Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia, University of Warsaw, Poland, U. Colorado Boulder, University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, Sensengasse 8/12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, J. Heyrovsk\'{y} Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolej\v{s}kova 3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Hitachi, Ltd., Murdoch University, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Zeiss, KIT, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Machine Learning Group, Technische Universit\"{a}t Berlin, ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Department of Physics, School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, School of Physics, University of Sydney. Engineered Quantum Systems, ARC Centre of Excellence., National Research Council Canada, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, UNSW Australia, University of Sherbrooke/Sandia National Labs, University of New Mexico/Sandia National Labs, Quantum Circuits, Inc., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA, University of Birmingham, UK, National Sun Yatsen University, Taiwan, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Oberlin College, Univ of Delaware, Khalifa University of Science, UAE, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, NCSR Demokritos, Greece, APS, Argonne National Lab, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, University Of Winnipeg, IQM, JHU; NCNR, NIST, NCNR, NIST, IQM and Dept of Chemistry, JHU, IQM, JHU, University of California Santa Cruz, Brockhouse Institute for materials research, Neutron center for Neutron research (NIST), Universite de Sherbrooke, Neutron Scattering and Magnetism, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Ohio University / CNM, Argonne National Lab, Electronic Microscopy Center, Argonne National Lab, CNM, Argonne National Lab, Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), Argonne National Lab, Inria Paris and Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, Google and University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Microelectronics and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA, State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, City College of New York, Dept. of Physics, ETH Zurich, Brookhaven National Lab., Department of Quantum Matter, University of Geneva, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, The Johns Hopkins University, USA, L2C-CNRS, Montpellier, France, CEITEC, Brno, Czech Republic, LPS-CNRS, Orsay, France, University of Geneva, Switzerland, LNCMI-CNRS, Grenoble, France, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, The Johns Hopkins University, Universit\'{e} Montpellier, Masaryk University, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, IOP CAS, Univ of Tokyo, RIKEN CEMS, Chuo University, Chungbuk National Univerity, IBS, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), University of Kentucky, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, RASEI, University of Colorado, Boulder, Swiss Light Source, Paul Sherrer Institut, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Computational Science Research Center, Soochow Univ, Univ of Oxford, MIT;Federal Univ.Viçosa,Brazil, Giresun Univ., Turkey, MIT;JSPS,Japan;Tokyo Tech,Japan, Oak ridge National Lab, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Brazil, MIT, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Brazil, Technion University, Intel Corporation, Institute für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISSP, Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo Univ. Sci., Dep. Physics, Univ. Illinois, Max Plank POSTECH center for Complex Phase Materials, IBS-CCES, Seoul National University, Quantum Matter Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, HISKP, University of Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Centre de Physique Th\'eorique, \'Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, University of Bristol, Ames Laboratory/Iowa State University, USA, Institute of Physics, CAS, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University,, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA., Ames Laboratory US DOE, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France, Universidad Aut\'{o}noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, University of Bath, St. Andrews University, Ohio University/Argonne National Lab, J. Stefan Inst., SLovenia, University of Cambridge, UK, University of Sheffield, UK, University College London (UCL), UK, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Univ of Florida - Gainesville, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of G\"ottingen, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Universit\'{e} Paris-Sud, Universit\'{e} Paris Saclay, The Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo, RIKEN CEMS, RIKEN, RIKEN AICS, Tel Aviv University, Israel, University College Dublin, National University of Singapre, Stanford Univ. & SLAC Nat. Acc. Lab., Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST / Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Portugal, IBM Almaden Research Center, Ewha Womans University, South Korea, University of Tennessee- Knoxville, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, George Washington University, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'Information, CNRS, Central South University, KAUST, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Department of Physics, SKKU, Suwon 16419, Korea, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 10087, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Savannah River National Laboratory, Ural Federal University, Hanyang University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Department of Physics, Temple University, Rice University \& Peking University, Max-Planck-Inst f\"ur Eisenforschung, Univ of Manchester, USF, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Vienna Biocenter, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Universitat Regensburg, Technische Universitat Munchen, Department of Physics, Keio University, Japan, University of Nevada, Reno, The Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Japan, Cryogenic Research Center, University of Tokyo, Japan, Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Japan, Korea Adv Inst of Sci & Tech, Wayne State Univ, National High Field Magnetic Laboratory and University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, Imperial College, London, UK, Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv., Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem., AMOLF and Leiden University, Leiden University and AMOLF, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Institute of Materials Strucutre Science, KEK, Japan, Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Institut f\"ur Mathematik, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, NY & US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, The University of Florida, Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, Mount Holyoke College, Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, BASF SE, GMV/T – J542S, 67056, Germany, The University of Vermont, Angstrom Sun Technologies Inc., Washington State Universtiy, Google Brain, Fraunhofer ITWM Kaiserslautern, Germany, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Goettingen, Germany, University of Califorina, Irvine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), U of Washington, Ludwig-Maximillians University Munich, MPI PKS Dresden, Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, center for theoretical biological physics, Rice university, Houston, TX 77005, Physics & Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1040, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1040, Univ Politecnica de Catalunya, AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Louisiana Tech University, Grambling State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, USA, Hitachi,Ltd., ARC CoE Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Univ, South Dakota State University, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, SISSA and ICTP Trieste, Italy, Kyokugen, Osaka University, Japan, ISTM-CNR, Universit\`{a} Milano, Italy, University of the Fraser Valley, Dept. of Mech. Eng. and Mat. Science, Duke University, Dept. of NanoEng., UCSD, Dept. of Mat. Science and Eng., NCSU, Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Department of Physics and Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of America, Hosei University, Muhlenberg College, NIST - Gaithersburg, Tsinghua Univ, University of Michigan, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Fuzhou University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TU Dortmund University, Quantum condensed matter division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, Univ. Kaiserslautern, Germany, Augsburg University, Germany, MPI CPfS, Dresden, EPFL, Lausanne, NICPB, Tallinn, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Germany, Julich Centre for Neutron Science, Garching, Germany, Ghent University, Belgium, Oxford University, UK, NHMFL, Tallahassee, Institut National des Sciences Appliqués, Toulouse, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Crete, University of Alabama, Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, HP, India, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, UC Santa Barbara and Google Quantum Hardware, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Stanford Univ - Ginzton Lab, Princeton U., National U. of Singapore, National Tsing Hua U, U. of Zurich, Switzerland, Singapore U. of Tec. and Design, National Sun Yat-Sen U., Natl Univ of Singapore, Singapore Univ of Technology and Design, Natl Sun Yat-Sen Uni, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan, University of Hyogo, Japan, RIKEN, Japan, ISSP, University of Tokyo, Japan, Rutgers University, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Rutgers University, Italian Institute of Technology, RIKEN, Center for Emergent Matter Science, Japan, HFML, Radboud Uni., Nijmegen, Netherlands, NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary, Natl Inst of Chem Phy & Bio, Tallinn, Estonia, Semiconductor Physics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, University of Buffalo, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, VA and Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, City Univ of Hong Kong, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, IMM-CNR, Agrate Brianza Unit, Via Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Augsburg University, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA, Natl High Magnetic Field Lab and Florida State University, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Shangai Jiao Tong University, Niels Bohr Inst, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA, Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany, IFW, IFF, Dresden, Germany, Xiamen University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Xiamen University, Deptartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, NBI, U. Copenhagen, Denmark, Dept. of Physics, U. Florida, USA, Dept. of Phys. and Astr., UBC, Canada, MPI-FKF, Stuttgart, Germany, SUPA, U. St. Andrews, UK, Dept. of Phys. and Astr., Shanghai Jiao Tong U., China, CNMS, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., USA, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia (PA), USA, Physics Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (IL), USA, Physics Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia (PA), USA, Phys. Faculty, Moscow State University; Inst. of Experimental Minerology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Phys. Faculty, Moscow State University; Inst. of Phys. and Tech., Ural Federal University; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Russia, University of Massachusetts, Smith College, Department of Physics, Boston University, Department of Theoretical Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science,, Univ of Maryland, San Francisco State University, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Weizmann Institute, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Univ of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Department of Physics , Univ of Texas at Austin, Trent University, Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Marcoussis, FRANCE, Univ Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC / ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University / CNRS, Paris, FRANCE, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Canadian Light Source, Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln,Department of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Jeffrey Neaton Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab; UC-Berkeley; Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center, University of Milano Bicocca, Harvard University, Physics Department, Harvard University, Chemistry and Physics Department, Harvard University, Chemistry Department, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Institute Rudjer Boskovic, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA., University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Columbia University Physics Department, The University of Tokyo and RIKEN, TU and NIST, Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany., Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Pusan National Univ, Univ of Ulsan, University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Univ. of Vienna (Austria), Vienna Univ. of Technology (Austria), Yanshan Univ. (China), Physics Department E.R. Caianiello, University of Salerno, IT, Physics Department, Sapienza University, Rome, IT, CNR-ISM, Rome, IT, CNR-IS, U.O.S. di Tor Vergata, Rome, IT; LNF, INFN, Rome, IT, MPIPKS Dresden, Tampere University of Technology, Inchoen National University, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Incheon Natl Univ, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, University of Ontario Institute of Technology \& National Research Council of Canada, Cambridge University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN and University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, QCMD, ORNL, TN, MSTD, ORNL, TN - UTK, TN, NHMFL-FSU, MSTD, ORNL, TN, QCMD, ORNL, TN - UTK, TN, Department of Physics, POSTECH, Korea, NHMFL/LANL, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA, Advanced Light Source, E.O. LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA, Dept. of Physics, University of British Columbia,Vancouver, Canada, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Simon Fraser University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin f\"{u}r Materialien und Energie, NCNR, ISSP, Japan, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, ESPCI PSL Research University, Johns Hopkins University, Northwestern University, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, UK, Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, Wesleyan University, PMMH-ESPCI, PARISTECH, CNRS et Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Gulliver UMR 7083 ESPCI, PMMH, UMR7636 ESPCI, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Dept. of Physics, Georgetown University \& Harvey Mudd College, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, Northwestern University, the University of Tokyo, RIKEN, Department of applied chemistry, Waseda University, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NIST/Indiana University, Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd., NIST NCNR, Clemson University, FU Berlin, Newcastle University, The University of Delaware, City University of New York, Hunter College, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, MEMS Department, Duke University, Dept. of Mathematics, Duke Univ., Dept. of Mathematics, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Materials, Imperial College London, MEMS Dept., Duke Univ., IBM, Institute of Science and Technoloy Austria, Rockefeller University, University of Northern Iowa, UC Merced, Harvard Medical School, CNRS, Grenoble, France, University of L'Aquila, Italy, Harvard University; University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; University of California, Berkeley, University of Colorado, USA, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, China, Temple University, USA, Jilin University, China, Intermolecular Inc., Exabyte Inc., University of Ontario, Institute of Technology, National Research Council of Canada, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogota, QuICS, University of Maryland, NTT, Northrop Grumman - Baltimore, Google, Venice, Google Quantum A.I. Lab, UC - Santa Barbara, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Research Laboratory for Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Research Laboratory for Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NASA Ames, Universita di Parma, UPV/EHU & IKERBASQUE, Universidade do Porto, UPV/EHU, Dept. of Physics, National Tsing Hua Univ., Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Applied Physics and Dept. of Physics, National Taiwan Univ., Taiwan, S.U.N.Y.-Oswego, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Deapartment of Physics, Boston University, Chinese academy of science, Laboratoire National des Champs Magn\'{e}tiques Intenses, France, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, IA, USA, IBM TJ Watson Research Center, UC Irvine, University of Minnesota, CEMS, University of Denver, Technical University Dresden, Walther-Meissner Institute, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, QISP CIFAR, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, Sandia National Laboratories, University of New-Mexico, Sandia National Laboratories, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, The University of Sydney, Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Australia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Birck Nanotechnology Center, and Station Q Purdue, Purdue University, USA, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA, Sandia National Laboratories, USA, Dept. of Appl. Phys. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Chem. & Envir. Eng. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci., Chem. & Envir. Eng., and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Phys. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton TX, USA, Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, The City College of New York, CUNY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, USCD, Unite Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales and Universite Paris-Sud, 91767 Palaiseau, France, ICMOL, Universitat de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain, Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100, Royal Holloway, Univ of London, Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Computer Science and Mathematics Division and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Insitutute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Exp. Physics VI, U. Augsburg, Germany, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich, Germany, Indian Inst. of Technology, Kanpur, India, NRL, Washington, DC, USA, Unite Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, France, Universite Paris Sud, France, CEA, DEN, France, California Instititute of Technology, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, Theoretical Materials Physics, University of Liège, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands, University College London, London Centre for Nanotechnology, UK, CNR-IOM UOS Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km.0,700, Monserrato (Ca) 09042, Italy, Radboud Univ Nijmegen, cornell, twente, Max Planck Inst, michigan, Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Aivon Oy, Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre, Finland, Lancaster University, UK, Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Instituto de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Department of Physics and Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, and NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Italy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and School of Materials Engineering, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, Cardiff University, Carnegie Geophysical Lab, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, LLNL, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, Detches Electronen-Synchrotron, European XFEL, Univ of Oslo, Pusan National University, Pusan, Jilin University, Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Tokyo Electron Ltd., Department of Physics and Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, South China University of Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology; Institut N\'{e}el, Universit\'{e} Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, Institut N\'{e}el, Universit\'{e} Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, Georgia Institute of Technology; Charles University, Institute for Physical Research, National Academy of Sciences, Ashtarak 0203, Armenia, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Japan, Forschungszentrum Juelich and JARA, Germany, University of Tokyo, Japan, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Technical University of Vienna, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, National Center of Theoretical Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Station Q Purdue, Purdue University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics and Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA, Zhejiang Univ, University of New Mexico, Univ. of Tennessee Knoxville and ORNL, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, Universita di Messina, UOS di Messina, Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, National Chung Hsing University, Berkeley Lab, ., Kent State universeity, University of Maribor, Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia, Slippery Rock Univ, Brandeis Univ, Technische Universität München, Max Planck Institute (MPIDS) and Nottingham Trent University, Max Planck Institute (MPIDS), Physics department, University of Santiago., Saarland U, MPI Gottingen, MPI Göttingen, Saarland U, NJIT, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Yale University, Department of Physics and Benjamin Levich Institute, The City College of the City, University of New York, LMU Munich, Technical University Munich, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, University of Maryland--College Park, Merck Chemicals Ltd., The Pennsylvania State Univeristy, TU Muenchen, Munich School of Engineering, Germany, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany, TU Muenchen, Physik-Department, LS Funktionelle Materialien, Germany, IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, UNIST, South Korea, Stanford university, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitaet, Munich, Technische Universität Dresden, Technische Universität Dortmund, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Condensed matter theory center, University of Maryland, Cal. State, Northridge, ETH Zurich, Swiss National Supercomputing Center, Swiss National Supercomputing Center, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, CACS, Depts. of Physics & Astronomy, Computer Science, and Chemical Engg. and Material Science, USC, CACS, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Cray, RPI, Dalhousie Univ, Third Institute of Physics - Georg August University, Goettingen, The University of Aberdeen, Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Experimentelle Physik II, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Physik-Institut, Universitaet Zuerich, Switzerland, Inst. for Theor. Physics III, Ruhr University Bochum, Deparment of Physics and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Steacie Institute for Molecular Science, National Research Council of Canada, Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden, Spallation Neutron Source , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 P3H, United Kingdom, Graz Univ of Technology, CSU Northridge, Department of Chemistry, Northridge, CA 91330, USA, Beijing CSCR, Beijing 100193, China, Univ. Vienna, Faculty of Physics, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, UC Santa Barbara, Dept. of Earth Science, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, UC Santa Barbara, Dept. Earth Science, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, Univ. Houston, Dept. Chemistry, Houston, TX 77204 USA., Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Key Lab Mat Phys, Hefei 230031, China, Linköping University, Mat. Sci., Elec. Eng., Phy. & Chem., Duke University, Eng. & Appl. Sci., Harvard University, Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci., Yale University, Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci., Duke University, Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Institute for Quantum Computing, Univ of Innsbruck, UMass Boston, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), University of Bern, Durham University, Eastern Washington University, HLD-EMFL, NHMFL, Los Alamos, Warwick University, National Chengchi University, Dept. of Physics, Fudan Univ., Univ of Texas - Dallas, Univ. of Tennessee; ORNL, Max-Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max-Planck Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210., College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China., Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China., Department of Physics, Faculty of science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 88186-34141, Iran, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Univ of Calgary, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Universität Würzburg (Germany), Ames Laboratory, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, Ames Laboratory, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Nanjing University (China), Universit\'{e} Paris-Saclay, France, Ecol\'{e} Polytechnique, France, City College of New York - CUNY, University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN Center for emergent Matter Science (CEMS), the University of Tokyo, School of physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory/Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory/ Department of Physics, Florida State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Trinity College, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, U Tennessee, Knoxville, U Chicago, OIST, Leibniz Inst. SSMR, MPI-CPS, Gakushuin Univ, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University. Columbus OH 43210, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University. Columbus OH 43210, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Univ of California - Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Oak Ridge National Lab and Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, ISIS Facility, RAL, DGIST, Max Plank POSTECH, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, Chalmers University of Technology, Yale University Applied Physics, ESPCI Paris, Universität zu Köln, Université Paris Didérot, ESPCI Paris & Universität zu Köln, NTT Basic Research Labs, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, IBM Korea, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, SSRL, SLAC National Laboratory, SIMES, SLAC National Laboratory, SLAC National Laboratory, Department de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique F ́ed ́erale de Lausanne, Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Départment de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York 11973, USA, SUNY, Albany, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, Universit\'{e} de Gen\`{e}ve, CH-1211 Gen\`{e}ve 4, Switzerland, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Weizmann Inst, State Univ of NY - Buffalo, Institute of Materials Structure Science, Ibaraki University, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA,USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ, Applied Superconductivity Center, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, IFW-Dresden, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, SUNY at Buffalo, Laboratoire de Physique Theorique, Ecole Normale Superieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universites, College of William and Mary, Univ. of Pittsburgh, United States Naval Research Laboratory, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, UC Merced, CA, Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Stanford University, Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Univeristy of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Bern, Switzerland, Chuo University, Japan, Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and Ikerbasque, Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PUC-RJ, Brazil, Unicamp, Brazil, Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Brazil, Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Brazil, INMETRO, Brazil, Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain, Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU, Denmark, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA, Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials (NANOSAM), Jagiellonian Univ., Krakow, Poland, DIPC and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain, Lorentz Institute, Leiden University, California State University, Los Angeles, Hunan University, Bochum University, Washington Univ, Bloomberg L.P., Technische Universit\"at Chemnitz, Loughborough Univ, STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab. UK, Kent State Univ - Kent, OH, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, School of Physics, Beihang University, Stony Brook University and Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source, Ames Laboratory, US DOE, Ames Laboratory of US Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE Scotland, United Kingdom, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea, Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program \& Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State Univ, Kent Ohio, Physics Department, Kent State University, CPIP \& LCI, ETH Zurich, California Institute of Technology, University of Bologna, University of Science and Tech of China, Department of Physics and Benjamin Levich Institute, The City College of the City University of New York, Department of Mathematics and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA., Department of Physics, Walter Schottky Institute, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich; Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Zurich, Department of Physics, Harvard University; ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Superior School of Technology, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco, Laboratory of Engineering Sciences,Polydisciplinary Faculty,Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco, ICCAS, Imperial College London, Thomas Young Centre, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, Fiber and Polymer Science, College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, Keio Univ., AIST, J-Parc, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Center of Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, IUPUI, Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Biomedical Eng., IUPUI, Stony Brook Univ.,, Universit\'e Paris Diderot, University of Hong Kong, University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Stanford University, California, Insitute of Medical Biology, Singapore; Stanford University, California, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK, Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, Dept of Phys, Natl Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Middle Tennessee State University

  • Anatole von Lilienfeld

    The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea, Department of Structure and Constituents of Matter, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain, Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Laboratoire Jean Perrin and Laboratoire de Physique Theorique de la Matiere Condensee, CNRS/Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, QuTech, Delft Univ of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands, Center for Quantum Devices and Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Syracuse University, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada, University of Chicago, United states, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Fayetteville State University, Yangzhou University, University of Virginia, University of Tennessee, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory/Ohio University, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Ohio University, Brock University, Ontario, City College of New York, CUNY, Stanford University, Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, 78000 San Luis Potosi, Mexico., IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain, Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Material Physics Center (MPC), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC). Spain, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Augusta University, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712., University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, D-Wave Systems Inc., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, The University of Minnesota, The University of Texas at Austin, The Air Force Research Laboratory - RQQM, The University of Dayton Research Institute, Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 91767 Palaiseau, France, Thales Research and Technology, 91767 Palaiseau, France, Engineering Dept., University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, McGill University, University of Manitoba, Shanghai University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany, University of Minnesota, University of Arizona, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, The University of Texas at El Paso, W.M. Keck Center, El Paso, TX 79968, NIST - Boulder, Raytheon BBN Technologies, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Wisconsin, Madison, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, Princeton University, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Google, Santa Barbara & UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Barbara, Stockholm University, University of British Columbia, Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden and Inst. for Theor. Phys. III, Ruhr University Bochum, Dept. of Physics, Washington University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tsinghua University, Research Center Juelich, University Duisburg-Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Research Center Juelich, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory / Florida State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), INNOVENT e. V. Technologieentwicklung, Paul-Scherrer Institut, Switzerland, ISIS Neutron Facility, Columbia University, IFW Dresden, Institute for Solid State Research, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of New South Wales, TU Delft, Univ of New South Wales, Univ Grenoble-Alpes and CEA-Leti, Sandia National Laboratories, National Research Council of Canada, National Research Council, CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, CEA, LETI, Univ of Maryland-College Park, University of Maryland, NIST Gaithersburg, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Michigan State University, USA, Sun Yat-Sen University, China, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, The University of Tokyo, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, The National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kyoto University, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK, NHMFL, Tallahasse, Florida, USA, KAIST, POSTECH, Chonnam Nat. Univ., Rutgers Univ., KRISS, Seoul Nat. Univ., Korea Univ., Univ of California - Berkeley, Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Paul Scherrer Institut, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Univ of Leeds, Univ of St Andrews, GFMC, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain, Unite Mixte CNRS-THALES, Universite Paris Saclay, Palaiseau, France, University of Regensburg, Michigan State University, SIMIT CAS, QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, Denmark, University of Tsukuba, Dep. of Systems Innovation, Osaka University, Photon Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Argonne National Labaratory, Oak Ridge National Labaratory, SUNY Stony Brook, Farmingdale State College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0299, USA, NaMLab gGmbH, Noethnitzer Str. 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia, Lehigh University, Corning Inc., KIMS, Chungnam National University, Research Triangle Institute, Micross Advanced Interconnect Technologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Graduate School of science, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA 43210, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, University of Texas at Austin, DOES, SKKU, Suwon 16419, Korea, CINAP, IBS, DOES, SKKU, Suwon 16419, Korea, Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea, CINAP, IBS, Suwon 16419, Korea, Northwestern Univ, Tokyo Metropolitan University, ARL, NIST, PSU, UA, University of Southern California, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, UT 84112, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, UT 84112, USA, The University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Lab, The University of Tennessee, Wayne State University, University of Utah, Inha University, EWHA Woman's Univ, University of Notre Dame, Argonne Natl Lab, Rice Univ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, National University of Singapore, Oxford Instruments Nanoscience, Oxon, UK, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, UK, Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK, Néel Institute, Grenoble, France, Physics department, Columbia University, NY, USA, Néel Institute, Grenoble, France; Physics department, Columbia University, NY, USA, Harvard University, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, The Netherlands, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan, University of California, Berkeley, University of Warwick, Tulane University, National Institute for Materials Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, Air Force Research Laboratory, University of North Texas, University of Vermont, National Taiwan University and National Nano Device Laboratories, Tohoku University, New York University Shanghai & New York University, The University of Tokyo, PRESTO-JST, Japan, NIMS, Japan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Argonne Nat. Lab., Univ. of South Florida, Univ. of S. Florida, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Texas A\&M Univ., Fudan University, Carnegie Mellon University, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, University of Colorado-Boulder, North Carolina State University, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden Germany, National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ., Japan Accuray Co Ltd.., Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Joint Institute of Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Renmin University of China, Stanford University, SIMES, SIMES, SSRL, Univ of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Florida State Univ and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Iowa State University, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, National Research Council of Canada, Politecnico di Torino, Drexel University, ESPCI, Wageningen University, Yale, Univ of Cincinnati, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, University of Cincinnati, The University of Cincinnati, Washington University in St. Louis, MIT, Georgia Tech, University of Rochester, Univ of California - San Diego, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China, University of Iowa, University of California Riverside, Chongqing University, Physikalisches Institut, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Johns Hopkins University, Georgia Institute of Technology, The University of Alabama, Federal University of Para, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611-7200, Parisian Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 5, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA, Centre for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Rutgers University, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, RWTH Aachen, RCNP, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, University of Memphis, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Univ of Notre Dame, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, University of Leipzig, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden, Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA, Institute for Materials Science, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Unite mixte de physique CNRS/Thales, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, Universit of Sud, Universit Paris-Saclay, NTT Basic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Informatics, Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Chapman University (Intern), Chapman University (Affiliated Researcher), Australian Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Queensland, University of Queensland, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of Tennessee, University of Tennessee, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, University of Duisburg-Essen, TU Darmstadt, Ruhr-University Bochum, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, University of Vienna, Vienna University of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Univ of South Florida, National laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Caltech, Joint Quantum Institute, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, Cornell Univerisity, UCSB, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Japan, Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan, Hong Kong Univ of Sci & Tech, Army Research Lab, NHMFL, Florida State University, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Florida State University, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Dallas, Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Naval Research Lab, Washington, HLD-HZDR, NHMFL, CSNSM, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Norwegian Univ Tech (NTNU), Graduate Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, US, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Univ of California - Riverside, Walther-Meissner-Institute, Cornell University, CNF, Ithaca, NY, USA, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE, University of Sao Paulo, University of Rijeka, University of Regensburg/University of Sao Paulo, University at Buffalo, Peking University, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA Saclay, France, IFW Dresden, Institut Laue-Langevin, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Department of Physics, Renmin Univ of China, Beijing 100872, China, Rice University, Julich Centre for Neutron Science, Universite Grenoble Alpes, Beijing Normal University, Universit$\ddot{a}$t zu K$\ddot{o}$ln, Germany, Okayama Univ., Japan, LLB, France, ILL, France, MLZ, Germany, AIST, Japan, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (retired), Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Duke University, Appalachian State University, University of Tokyo, RIEKEN, Columbia Univ, Duke Univ, National Institute for Material Science, Japan, Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki, Naval Research Laboratory, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Cinvestav-Merida, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massa, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA., Brookhaven National Laboratory, Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Virginia, Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, DQMP - University of Geneva, CCES, IBS, Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (CCES, IBS), Tulane Univ, Univ of Geneva, Texas A & M University, ETRI, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States, Univ of Texas, Austin, University of Texas at Dallas, University College Cork, University of Texas, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, ASICS Corporation, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, UC Berkeley, UC Berkeley, CIO, Mexico, WSI and Physics Department, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK, Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, Department of Physics, Stanford University, Univ of Missouri - Columbia, University of Western Cape, Weizmann Institute of Science, Microsoft Research, Station Q, University of California, Microsoft Station Q, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Physics of Solids, Univ Colorado, Boulder, Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University,Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, Aalto University; Brown University, Oakland University, Aalto University, University of Tehran, Aalto University; University of Tehran, Nordita, University of Missouri, Radboud University, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, City University of New York, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560 012. India, Clark Atlanta University, Georgia State University, Hiroshima University, Japan, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Pusan National University, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Physics, CNRS Institut Neel; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Physics, CNRS Institut Neel, Indian Institute of Science, International Centre for Theoretical Studies, Raytheon BBN Technologies, Quantum Information Processing Group, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, US, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, École Normale Supérieure, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of Tennessee: Knoxville, ORNL, Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory, Politechnico di Milano, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Nist Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800 TURKEY, SLAC - Natl Accelerator Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Purdue University, Univ of Sci & Tech of China, University of Cambridge, SuperSTEM Laboratory, Universtity of Bremen, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Advanced Simulation Technology Of Mechanics R\&D, Co., Ltd., Osaka City University, Department of physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Inst. f. Theo. Phys., TU Clausthal, Germany, Inst. f. Theo. Phys., U. G\"ottingen, Germany, ESPCI Paris, Institut Langevin, Paris, France, The University of Manchester, Brown University, University of Manchester, University of Liverpool, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Univ of Chicago and Argonne National Lab, Univ of Chicago, Univ of Massachusetts at Amherst, Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, Department of Chemistry, New York University, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds & Tech, Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, JILA, University of Colorado, Delft University of Technology, Element Six Innovation, QUTech & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, University of Saarland, Element Six, The Ohio State University, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Keio University, UNC, University of Akron, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, LIPHY, Universite Grenoble Alpes, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Department of Physics, UT Austin, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Charite Berlin, Leipzig University, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) / Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), The University of Queensland, RWTH Aachen University, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, FOM Institute AMOLF, Univ of California - Santa Barbara, Ohio State University, Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Utrecht University, TU Dortmund, Unite Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Universite Paris Saclay, France, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Univ of Texas, Austin;ICQM, PKU, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA, Cornell University, Cornell University and Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, SYMMES, Univ. Grenoble Alpes / INAC-CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France, SPINTEC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes / CNRS / INAC-CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France, Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, University of Nebraska---Lincoln, University of California, Riverside, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, Instituut-Lorentz, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Japan, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Department of Physics, McCullough Building, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4045, USA, Department of Physics, IPAP, and Center for Computational Studies of Advanced Electronic Material Properties, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany, Dept. of Physics, The Univ. of Tokyo, Japan, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Stanford Univ, LBNL, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, IBS-CCES, Univ. of Kentucky, Delft Univ of Tech, Eindhoven Univ of Tech, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China, Stanford University, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford University, Department of Physics, Diamond Light Source, Ames Laboratory, Institut fur Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Technion, Physics department, Ohio State University, Physics Department, Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokodai Institute for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, University of Florida, Walther Meissner Institut, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Kent State University, University of California, San Diego, Stanford Univ. and SLAC Nat. Acc. Lab., SLAC Nat. Acc. Lab., Stanford Univ., University of Toronto \& Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy \& Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, University of Waterloo \& Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of Waterloo, Institut Laue-Langevin, France, California State Univ-Fresno, The University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, ESPCI, Paris, ETH Zurich, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, NIMS, Free University Berlin, Max Planck Institution, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, New York Univ NYU, ICM, Madrid, Northwestern University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China, CCS, University of Tsukuba, Texas A&M University, School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, LIPhy CNRS and University Grenoble Alpes, Boston Univ, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University. Piscataway, NJ 08456, Center for Emergent Materials, Department of Physics. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Institute for Basic Science, Dept. of Materials Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, China, ICQD and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, China, National Institute for Materials Science (Japan), Dept. of Physics, Pohang Univ. of Science and Technology, Korea, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan, Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Natl Taiwan Univ, Natl Taiwan Sci Educ Ctr, Natl Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Department of Chemistry, UCL, UK, Department of Physics, Hanyang Univ., Korea, School of Physics, Zhengzhou Univ., China, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Academia Sinica, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics and Center for Correlated Matter, Zhejiang University, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego; Department of Physics, Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory, university of manchester, UC San Diego, Ames Laboratory, U.S. DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa, Ames Lab, Ames. Iowa, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Louisiana State University, Dpto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. Químicas, UPV/EHU, Spain, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, International Laboratory of High Magnetic Fields and Low Temperatures, Poland, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States., Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' di Parma, Parma, Italy, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ditcot, UK, IMEM-CNR, Parma, Italy, ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, International Center For Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China, Univ of NC - Chapel Hill, University of California - Irvine, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Seoul National University, National Taiwan University, National Tsing Hua University, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, Brimrose Technologies Corporation, Sparks, MD, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, Argonne, IL, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,, Florida State University, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Cruz, Brookhaven Natl Lab, University of Oxford, National Synchrotron Research Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Osaka Prefecture University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Texas A&M Univ, Yale University, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 128-95, Pasadena, CA 91125, Ecole Polytechnique, ETH - Zurich, Universiteit Leiden, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Physics. Georgia Tech, Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, UCLA, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics \& Physics Department, Virginia Tech, Biomedical Engineering, Duquesne University, Baker Hughes, Blacksburg, Va, Korea Research Inst of Standards and Science (KRISS), Joint Quantum Institute, Univ of Maryland-College Park/NIST, Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Leiden University, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ames Laboratory, US DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, Ames Laboratory USDOE and Iowa State University, Univ of Waterloo, Tufts University, Univeristy of Rostock, University of Rostock, Heriot Watt University/School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, The Coca-Cola Company, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, Univ of Akron, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, US Army Research Laboratory, University of Tennessee; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Center for Neutron Research, NIST, University of Alberta, Hokkaido Univ, 2016 APS President, University of Michigan, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Center for Metabolic Biology, Bioinformations and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Washington College, Univ of Milan, CNRS, Lyon, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Mount Sinai, University of South Florida, Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, Wuerzburg University, University of California Berkeley, Rice University and Peking University, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, Teledyne Scientific and Imaging, ICQM Peking Univ and Rice University, ICQM Peking Univ, UC Riverside, Department of physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Peking University, Rice University, SKLSM, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, NG Next, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Southern California, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, USA, Nanophotonics Center, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Whitacre College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, Choice Research Group, Natl Chiao Tung Univ, None, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, UK, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, UK, Boston University, Bar-Ilan University, Yeshiva University, Monash University, University of California, Davis, California Polytechnic State University, Professor, Ph.D Student, Northeastern Univ, Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Institute of Physics ‘Gleb Wataghin’, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa, Osaka University, Sungkyunkwan Univ, The Univ of Hong Kong, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Henan Normal University, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Sookmyoung Women's University, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science/University of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, IQOQI, Austrian Academy of Sciences - VCQ Vienna - Uni. of Vienna, Uni. of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Uni. of Vienna, Uni. of Vienna, Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, South Korea, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, South Korea, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China, CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Division of Physics and TIMS, University of Tsukuba, Cheeshin Technology Co, Shiraz University, 1Department of Physics, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610 USA, Howard University, Pohang Univ of Sci & Tech, Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Phyiscs, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Univ, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Aalborg University, School of Physics, Tongji University, Artilux Inc., Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Fordham University, The School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia, Institute for superconducting and electronic materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Techonology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia, ENS Lyon, University of Exeter, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Division of Core Facilities Imaging, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, West Virginia University, co author, Department of Physics, Ewha Womans Univ, Department of Physics, Dongguk Univ, Dpartment of Physics, KonKuk Univ, Seoul, University of New Hampshire, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, BNL, Institute of Physics, CAS, Arizona State University, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, Seoul Natl Univ, Mi, Texas A\&M University-Commerce, North Dakota State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2700, USA, University of Minnestoa, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Fudan Univ, Chongqing Univ, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Texas Center of Superconductivity and Department of Physics, Department of Physics, Jeju National University, Department of Physics, R.O.C Military Academy, Department of Material Science and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Texas Center of Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Department of Material Science and Optoelectronics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Norfolk State University, Beijing Institute of Technology, ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Physics Department, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Physics Department,Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India, Stony Brook University, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Taiwan, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science, Huazhong University of and Science and Technology, Northeastern University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University,and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China, University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign, University of Massachusetts Amherst, The State University of New York, Albany, Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, University of Toronto, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, University of Washington, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Elettra Synchrotron Light Source, ShanghaiTech University, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University, University of Illinois, KAERI, Bragg Institute, ANSTO, LNS, PSI, Max Planck POSTECH, Max Planck, Dresden, Chung-Ang University, Sungkyunkwan University, Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin,” UNICAMP, Montana State University, Universidade de São Paulo, Physics Department, Technion, IIT Madras, The University of California, San Diego, The Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA, The Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA, Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Beihang University, department of physics. korea univ, Yonsei Univ, Natl High Magnetic Field Lab, Chonbuk Natl Univ, Univ. of Tokyo \& RIKEN CEMS, Univ of Central Florida, University of Nebraska at, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, The Hashemite University, Department of Optical science and Engineering, Fudan University, Department of Physics and Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Qu\'{e}bec, Canada, The Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Dynamics Laboratory, Utah State University Research Foundation, University of Maryland, College Park, Vienna Univ of Technology, Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, Nankai University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Pondicherry University, QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Saarland University, University of Maryland - Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA., Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA., ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, HRL Laboratories, LLC, Malibu, California, Max-Planck-Institut Mikrostrukturphysik, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (Spain), International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) (Portugal), University of Konstanz (Germany), Universidad de Alicante (Spain), NCNR-NIST, Univ. of Leeds, ISIS-STFC, IISER-Pune, PSI, UniUppsala, UniBern, EPFL, UniBasel, INST-Mohali, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, Department of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, Univ. of Kaiserslautern, Max Planck Institute of complex systems, Dresden, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich and Paul Scherrer Institut, Division of Physics, Math, and Astronomy, Caltech, Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, LNS, PSI \& University of Geneva, Univ. Augsburg \& Academy of Sciences of Moldova, University of Augsburg, LMU, PSI, ESRF, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany and Technische Universitaet Berlin, Germany, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Germany, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland, Technische Universitat München, Germany, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA, Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Germany, $ ^{3}$Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, $ ^{2}$Department of Engineering & Management of Advanced Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan, $ ^{1}$Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Chapman University, Tata Institute of Fundamental Rsearch, NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Quantronics, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, Washington University, St. Louis, Microsoft Research, Station Q, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Center for Quantum Devices, Copenhagen, Tel Aviv University, Harvard, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan, Tokyo Inst of Tech - Tokyo, Condensed Matter Theory Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Canadian Light Source, Inc., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Argonne National Lab, Univ. of Sci. and Tech. of China, Penn State Univ., Tsinghua Univ, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899 USA, 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart, Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Dept. of Physics, Virginia Tech, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS/Thales, University of St Andrews, Clark University, Seoul Natl Univ, CCES-IBS, CMPMS-BNL, LASSP-Cornell Univ, Univ of St.Andrews, KICNS - Cornell Univ, NIAIST - Tsukuba, Univ of Tokyo, NIAIST - Tsukuba, CMPMS-BNL, University of Tennessee Knoxville; Oak Ridge National Lab, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Oak Ridge National Lab, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Germany, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, India, CNRS, Univ. Complutense Madrid, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Argonne National Laboratory, USA, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, USA, Stanford University and SIMES, SLAC, SSRL, SLAC, SLAC, SIMES, SLAC, IMR, Tohoku University, LCLS, SLAC, Univ of Tokyo, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee. Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), Central South University, P.R.China., The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, JNCASR, Bangalore, University of Southern Alabama, IQM at JHU and Quantum Condensed Matter Divison at ORNL, Quantum Condensed Matter Divison at ORNL, ISSP at U Tokyo and NSS-MLF at JPARC, ISSP at U Tokyo, IQM at JHU, Harvard University and University of California, Davis, University of Illinois, Chicago, University of California, Irvine, Division of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Max Planck Institute for Complex Systems, Dresden, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Quantum Matter, Johns Hopkins University, Institute for Quantum Matter, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, University of California Irvine, University of California Irvine, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS, Univ of Texas at Austin, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State Univ, Tempe, Dept of Physics, Arizona State Univ, Tempe, School of Engineering for Matter, Transport and Energy, Univ of Texas at Austin, Dept of Physics, NCSU, Adámas Nanotechnologies, Inc, Northern Kentucky University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Materials Physics Center (CFM), Spain, CNR-IOM, Italy, Columbia University, USA, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain, Korea Adv Inst of Sci \& Tech, The Nonwovens Institute, Univ of Illinois - Chicago, Wake Forest University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Germany, NC State University, Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Germany, University of Chicago, Universidade Federal do Cear\'{a}, Univ College London, Tokyo Inst of Technology, Suranaree Univ of Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, University of California, Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Tokyo and ISSP, Univ. of Tokyo, Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Tokyo, Tribhuvan University, ICQM, Peking University, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Univ of Groningen, High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radbound University, Towson University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Hoegiro 85, Seoul 02455, Korea, Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, CNRS and Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Georgetown University, UC Berkeley, LBNL, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pusan National University, LBNL, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Ioffe Institute, ICQD, Univ. of Sci. and Tech. of China, Harvard Univ., Univ. of Utah, Imperial College London, ENS - Lyon, ETH, Prinston Univ, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sandia National Laboratory, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan, Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,, Dept. of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Inst. of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Emory University, Dalhousie University, University of California - Davis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Federal University of Piaui, Zhejiang University, China Acad of Engr Phys, Department of Physics, Osaka University, Ames Laboratory/Iowa State University, Iowa State University/Ames Laboratory, UC Davis, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Sichuan University, China, Southeast University, China, Bilkent Univ, North Carolina State Univ., Univ., of Maryland, North Carolina State Univ.; Aalto Univ., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City Univ of Hong Kong, Washington University, Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, Institut Laue Langevin, Paul Scherrer Institute, Univ of Birmingham, Univ of Montreal, Center for Information Networking and Telecommunication City College of New York (CCNY),, Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, South Korea, UCSD, NYU, Center for Soft and Living Matter, IBS; Department of Chemistry, UNIST, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics and Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology; Center for Soft and Living Matter, IBS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia, Niels Bohr Institute, Danish Quantum Optics Center QUANTOP, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark, E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, JILA, NIST and CU Boulder, Leibniz University Hannover, NIST, Boulder, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Miami University, Ecole Polytech de Montreal, Florida State Univ, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Japan, Georgetown University, Department of Physics, Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, UR1 CNRS/Synchrotron SOLEIL, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Synchrotron SOLEIL, ShanghaiTech University, University of Oxford, ALS, ALS,ShanghaiTech University, TU Dresden, Institute of Physics, ASCR, University of Zurich, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, Brookhaven National Lab, USA, Princeton University, USA, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA, Boston College, Boston, USA, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Oxford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ames Laboratory \& Iowa State University, Simon Fraser University, Elizabethtown College, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia institute of Technology, Atlanta, 771 Ferst Drive, GA, USA, Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea, Glenville High School, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Department of Physics and Astronomy \& NQPI, Ohio University, Salk Institute, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, Bielefeld University, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, State Univ of NY, Washington Univ., St. Louis, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Institute IMDEA Nanoscience, Madrid Spain, Institute of Electronic Materiazls Technology, Warsaw , Poland, Department of physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, MO 65409 USA, LNCMI-CNRS, 25 rue des martyrs, Grenoble, France, Suranaree Univ of Tech., Univ of Warwick, Tokyo Institute of Tech., Univ of Tokyo \& RIKEN, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University, University of California San Diego, Dept. of Elec. Eng., UCLA, University of Toronto, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Boston Coll, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Canada, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, UK, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, UK, Institute for Quantum Matter and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Max Plank Institute, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, National Research Centre “ Kurchatov Institute, ”, Instrument Source Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Data Analysis and Visualization Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ETH, Zurich, IMPMC Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, CEA DAM DIF, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, Washington DC, Naval Research Lab Code 6182, Naval Research Lab Code 7130, Enli Technology, Kaohsiung Science Park, Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Optoelectronics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Physics, Military Academy, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Univ of Melbourne, Sandia Natl Labs, University of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sandia National Labs, Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Perimeter Institute, ALS, LBNL, ALS and MSD, LBNL, Department of Physics, University of Kentucky, Univ of Minnesota, Univ of Virginia, Station Q, Microsoft Research, Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, KTH Stockholm, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, China, Max-Planck-Institut, Dresden, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Station Q, Santa Barbara, Oak Ridge National Lab Spallation Neutron Source, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, University of Delaware, USA, QuantumWise A/S, Denmark, California State University, USA, Univ del Pais Vasco, Ikerbasque basque foundation, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle, IBM Almaden Research Ctr, Mandlestam Institute for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Neel, F-38000 Grenoble, France, University College London, University of Surrey, Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University,, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin,, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ISSP, University of Tokyo, Ochanomizu University, NSRRC, HiSOR, Institute for Research in Electronics & Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA, University of California Los Angeles, Technion, Center for Electronic Materials and Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST), Korea, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technolog, Korea, Universidad Complutense, QCMD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory and QCMD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA, Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Physics Department, Boston College, Swiss Muon Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, BESSY-II, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, SLAC and Stanford, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The North Carolina State University, The Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, MINT Center, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,TN 37831 USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Pittsburgh, National Cheng Kung University, IBM Research - Zurich, SPEC, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France, LPS, Orsay, France, LNCMI, Toulouse, France, University of Texas, Austin, USA, ECE and MSE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, Dept of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, IIT Kanpur, UP 208016, India, AEP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, MSE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, Electronics Science and Technology Division, U.S. NRL, Washington, DC 20375, ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, University of Geneva, Department of Quantum Matter Physics, Geneva, National Institute of Standards and Technology/CNAM, MD, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, Université de Sherbrooke and Institut quantique, Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institut f\"{u}r Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universit\"{a}t Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Boeing-Spectrolab Inc., University of Toledo, Seton Hall Univ, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Washington University, Ewha Womans Univerisity, Korea Advanced Nanofab Center (KANC), University of Wyoming, University of Oklahoma, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada, University of Waterloo / Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leuven / University of Amsterdam, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Renmin Univ of China, Advanced Light Sources, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Bar Ilan University, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, National Sun Yat-Sen U., Taiwan, Bragg Institute, Australia, National Central University, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Maryland, 20742, Institute for Research in Electronics \& Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Sogang University, University of Ulsan, UNIST, Polytechnique Montreal, Universite de Montreal, RIKEN, UNC Charlotte, HFML, Nijmegen, FSU $\&$ NHMFL, Department of Physics. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210, randolph.elmquist@nist.gov, National Physical Laboratory, Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cambridge, UK, London Center for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK, CEA-Leti, Grenoble, France, Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungs Zentrum Juelich, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing Univers, Vanderbilt Univ. & ORNL, ORNL & Univ. of Tennessee, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee FL, 32310, USA, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee FL, 32307, USA, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, IBS-CCES, Seoul Natl. Univ., Sungkyunkwan Univ., Kunsan Natl. Univ., Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Univ. of Seoul, Sungkyunkwan Univ., IBS-CINAP, Temple Univ, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 573-701, South Korea, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Univ of Northern Iowa, Penn State Univ, Towson Univ, UFMG, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China, I. Institute of Physics, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany, Tohoku Univ., JASRI, Hiroshima City Univ., Nagoya Institute of Tech., Univ of Vermont, The Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew Universit, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, Federal University of Parana, Union College, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Central Florida, University of Paris-Sud, Brookhaven National Lab, Pacicfic Northwest National Lab, Retired, Institute of Physics, NCTU, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, KFU, Russia, Kyushu University, NSLS II, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, NIST NCNR / Univ of Maryland, Stevens Institute of Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Univ of Memphis, Physics Departiment, National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA, Institute for Mechanical Engineering, Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization (MPIDS), 37077 Gottingen, Germany, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany; Harvard University, Cambrigde, MA, USA, Brandeis University, University of California, Merced, Dipartimento FIM, Universita di Modena e Reggio E. and Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR, via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy, Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR, via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Quantum Device Lab, ETH Zurich, Quantronics group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Department of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Institute for Experimental Physics II, Universitat Leipzig, Linnstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Iowa State Univ, Molecular Physics, University Leipzig, Linnestr. 5, 04317 Leipzig, Germany, University Halle Wittenber, Halle-Saale, Germany, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, University of Ioannina, Osnabrueck University, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Indian Institute of Technology - Gandhinagar, Univ of Minn - Minneapolis, Univ of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Princeton Univ, Mentor Graphics, University of Seoul, Departamento de fisica de materiales, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA, Facluty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Department of Applied Physics, National Defense Academy, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Indiana University School of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Peter Gruenberg Institute, FZ Juelich, Germany, II. Institute of Physics B, RWTH Aachen, Germany, Peter Gruenberg Institute and ER-C, FZ Juelich, Germany, IFW Dresden and Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, RIKEN Cen- ter for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), University of California at Berkeley, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington, APS, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Technology Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, Aarhus University, CEA-Saclay, IEMN, 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, CUNY-City College of New York and CUNY-Graduate Center, NY, USA, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania, Australian National University, ACT, Australia, CUNY-City College of New York, NY, USA, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, University of Maryland-College Park, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, Lincoln Laboratory, Universit\'e de Sherbrooke, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, The University of Jordan, Shizuoka University, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA, The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Neutron Scattering and Magnetism, ETH Zurich, Theory of Quantum Matter Group, University of Geneva, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Eindhoven University of Technology, Universit\"at W\"urzburg, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA., Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA., Key Lab of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Virginia Tech, Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc.,, UC Santa Barbara, Leiden University, Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK, EPSRC National Centre for III-V Technologies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK, Quantum Opus, 42511 Helm St., Plymouth, MI 48170, USA, University of Edinburgh, University of Winnipeg, McMaster University, LPTHE, CNRS and Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universit\'{e}s, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Colorado State University, Lanzhou University, Department of Physics, Waseda Univ., Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, USA, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Station Q, Microsoft Research; Univ of California- Santa Barbara, Niels Bohr Institute; Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute; Station Q Copenhagen; Dusseldorf, CalTech, Univ of California - Santa Barbara; Station Q, Microsoft Research, Niels Bohr Institute, Niels Bohr Institute; University Düsseldorf, UT Austin, Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Dep. of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA, Cond. Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA, Fudan University&University of California, Irvine, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, WV 26506, USA, Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, 30010 HsinChu, Taiwan, University of Houston, USA, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Baylor University, USA, School of Materials Science and Engineering -Low dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Naval Research Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) and Shadong University, Siberian Federal University, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, University of Peradeniya, Rajarata University, Univ of California - Merced, NTU, Department of Physics and Astronomy \& Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, PSE UMASS Amherst, Chemistry Department, UMASS Amherst, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, University of California Merced, Nanyang Tech Univ, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar, University of Toronto, Canada, National Tsing-Hua University, University of Birmingham, Universite Paris Diderot, CUNY College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY 10314 USA, Rutgers Univ, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, New Jersey Inst. Tech., New Jersey Inst of Tech, L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics at the University of Houston and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Tennessee, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics at the University of Houston, Department of Physics, Yonsei University, University of South Alabama, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge University, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Advanced Photon Source, Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Japan, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, UC Berkeley/LBNL/Kavli ENSI, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, University of Copenhagen, Shanghai Normal University, Univ of Sherbrooke, LPA-CNRS, IOP-CAS, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Penn State University, Indian Inst of Science, Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Korea, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Korea, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville/ Oak Ridge National Laboratory, SIMES, SLAC \& Stanford University, Advanced Light Source, LBNL, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Physics Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, National Institute of Standards \& Technology, University of Texas, Austin, UTRC, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 U.S.A., Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 U.S.A., Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 U.S.A., University of South Dakota, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklin, Greece, Theory of Condensed Matter, University of Cambridge, Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of North Texas, Denton, TX, Dept. of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, School of Pharmacy, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, Dept. of Materials Science, UC Berkeley, CA, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, UC Louvain, Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo and Institute of Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Colorado School of Mines and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, University of Colorado, National Synchrotron Radiation Center, California State University, Long Beach, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Japan., Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Japan, Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan, Univ of British Columbia, Canadian Light Source, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Univ. of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Univ. Sao Carlos, Brazil, Max Plank Institute of complex systems, Dresden, Germany, Univiversity of British Columbia, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, HK, Universit\"{a}t Frankfurt, Germany, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, Georgetown Univ, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Univ of Mass - Amherst, University of Michigan, Lehman College - CUNY, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Department of Physics, Duke University, Montpellier University, Physics department, University of Santiago, Université de Montpellier; Duke University, Université Rennes 1, University of Stuttgart, Universit\'{e} de Montpellier, Presbyterian College, UMass Amherst, AMOLF Amsterdam, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden University, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Physique Theorique, Universite' Paris Saclay, CNRS, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, United States Army Research Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, University of Twente, Physics of Fluids, Universiteit Twente, Univ of Nebraska-Lincoln, California State University, San Bernardino, Universite de Louvain, UC Santa Barbara - Materials, PolyK Technologies, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, University of Geneva, University of Cornell, University of Delaware, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Rutgers University, Kongju National University, Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia, Scientific IT Services, ETH Zurich, Baylor Colledge of Medicine, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Akron, CNR-SPIN and Universita' degli Studi di Salerno, Italy, Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, IFW Dresden, Walter Schottky Insitut and Physics department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, D-85748 Garching, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Festk\"orperforschung, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique F\'{e}d\'{e}rale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, U.S. Army Research Laboratory - APG, Lockheed-Martin, ARL DOD Supercomputing Resource Center, University of Connecticut, Univ. of the Basque Country, University of Ilinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Luxembourg, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Physics, Temple University,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University., Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University., ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Yale School of Medicine, Yale Univ, Queens College of CUNY, Louisiana State Univ - Baton Rouge, \'Ecole Polytechnique F\'ed\'erale de Lausanne, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Gordon College, Department of Physics, Wenham, MA 01984, Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences Towson University, Texas Tech University, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, National Centre for Biological Sciences TIFR, India, Ball State University, Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Dept. Physics, North Dakota State University, Dept. Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Israel Institute of Technology, Missouri University of Science and Technology, The University of Texas at El Paso, State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, University of San Diego, Georgia State Univ, Department of Physics, UNIST, Korea, IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, and Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea, University of Duisburg-Essen Lotharstr, JASRI/SPring-8, Grad. Sch. Eng., IMCE, WPI-I2CNER, Kyushu Univ., LPTMC, CNRS-UMR 7600, Universit\'e Pierre et Marie Curie, Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Netherlands, University of Milano, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of Charleston, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Mathematical Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Nagoya University, Univ of NC - Chapel Hil, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Air Force Rsch Lab - WPAFB, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA, Hongik University, Univ of Pennsylvania, Hallym University, Chungnam Natl Univ, Tufts Univ, Univ of Rostock, Simon Bolívar University, University of the Basque Country, James Madison University, High Point University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter,Xiamen University,China, Physics Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O.Box 1176, Ethiopia, North Carolina State Univ, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Princeton, Creighton University, Univ of Houston, Penn State, Univ of Delaware, NIST, University of Houston, University of Yamanashi, Department of Microelectronics and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD and Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, Walther-Meissner-Institut, TU Muenchen, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Forschungszentrum J\"ulich, D-52425 J\"ulich, Germany, Institute of Metal Physics, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia, University of Hamburg, Bryn Mawr College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Argonne National Laboratory and Tsinghua University, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, Physics Dept., University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA, Istituto de Strutura della Materia (CNR), Rome, Italy, Fritz-Haber-Institute, Germany, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Spain, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, Diamond Light Source, UK, Universitaet Zuerich, Switzerland, NTHU, National Institute of Materials Science, Japan, UCL, UK, KTH, Sweden, ISIS neutron source, UK, PSI, Switzerland, Cardiff University, UK, Université de Lyon, Cornell University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, University College Cork, SPINTEC, CEA-INAC/CNRS/Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA-LETI, IJL-CNRS/U. Lorraine, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CIC nanoGUNE, Rigetti Quantum Computing, RIST, Western Michigan University, Univ. of Michigan, Stanford Univ, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, Princeton Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, ISSP, Nanjing Univ., Nanyang Tech. Univ., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Univ. of Central Florida, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich and JARA, Donostia International Physics Center, Beijing National Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL, Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Theoretical Physics and Station Q Zurich, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Structure of Materials Group, ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Quantum Matter Institute, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany, Nanyang Technical Univ, National Univ of Singapore, National Tsing Hua Univ, Research Centre National University of Singapore, MPI-CPfS, Dresden \& Univ. of St Andrews, UK, MPI-CPfS, Dresden, Univ. of St Andrews, UK, Univ. of St Andrews, UK \& Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, University of Tokyo and RIKEN CEMS, RIKEN CEMS, Osaka University and JST PRESTO, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics and Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facility, United Kingdom, Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, China and National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece, Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA, Physics Illinois, Joint Institute of UMich-SJTU, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing (MOE), Shanghai, China, Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Tokyo and ISSP, ISSP, State University of New York at Stony Brook, National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA, J\"ulich Supercomputing Centre, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich GmbH, D-52425 J\"ulich, Germany, Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Univ. of Tennessee, Columbia Univ., Postech, IBS and KAIST, Binghamton University, Cornell University, Code 6393, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC Madrid, Spain, Department of Computational and Data Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax VA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M., Germany, SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Electronic Sci & Tech, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, Sandia National Labs-Livermore, Materials Physics Dept., University Of Illinois At Chicago, University of Rhode Island, Gunma U., JASRI SPring-8, Northeastern U., Kyoto U., Northeastern U. and AGH U. of Sc. and Tech., Northeastern Univ., Gunma Univ., J.A.S.R.I., Kyoto Univ., Northeastern Univ. and AGH U. of Sc. and Tech., Univ. Antwerpen, Ritsumeikan Univ., Q-Mat/CESAM/Universite Liege/Belgique, CRISMAT/CNRS/ENSICAEN, UMP/CNRS/THALES/Universite Orsay/France, UJF/CNRS/Universite de Loraine/Nancy/France, Department of Physics, Southeast University, DQMP, University of Geneva, LPS, Université Paris-Sud, Istituto dei Materiali, CNR-IOM and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, DQMP, University of Geneva and LPS, Université Paris-Sud, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Univalle, UF, Uniandes, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan, Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Japan, NIST Center for Neutron Research, NIST and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, NIST Center for Neutron Research, NIST, National Chiao Tung University, East China Normal University, University of Science and Technology Beijing, University of Wisconsin-- Madison, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Univeristy of California - San Diego, Michigan State Univ, RMIT University, Cfm, Cemes, Intevep, Tecnalia, Stone Ridge Technology, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Lehigh University, Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Department of Chemistry, University of PA, Dept. of Physics, Caltech, Dept. of Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA, Dept. of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, UMass Amherst, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, UMass Amherst, Department of Chemistry, UPenn, Department of Physics & Astronomy, UMass Amherst, Department of Physics, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Towson University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan, Deparment of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Univ of Tokyo, RIKEN, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Université Paris-Sud, Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, SUTD, Nagoya univ., Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept. of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19014, Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Eisenforschung, University of Paderborn, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Solar Weaver GmbH, Yokohama National University, University of Tsukuba, Japan, ENS Paris, Aix Marseille Univ, Cavendish Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Department of Physics and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Dept. of Physics, UCSB, Dept. of Physics, CUHK, Electrical Engineering Dept., Princeton Univ, Material Dept., UCSB, Naval research Laboratory, The University of Oklahoma, Homer L. Dodge Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Departamento de F\'{\i}sica, Escuela Superior Polit\'ecnica del Litoral, ESPOL., Departamento de Qu\'imica e Ingenier\'ia Qu\'imica, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, USFQ., H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel, Temple University, Korea University, Universit{\'e} de Cergy-Pontoise, France, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, University of Innsbruck, Austria, CNRS Toulouse, Universit{\'e} Paul Sabatier, France, Beijing Normal Univ, Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China, Vienna University, CMP, University of Wisconsin, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA, Chonbuk National University, Soongsil University, National Academy of Sciences, Air Force Res. Lab. Wright–Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA, Institute of Solid State Physics and Chemistry, Uzhgorod National University, 88000 Uzhgorod, Ukraine, Dept. of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA, Dept. of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, Harvard Univ, University of Maryland - College Park, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Canterbury, Department of Physics, Yale University, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems - Dresden, William & Mary Coll, Politecnico di Milano, GRASP, University of Liege, Splash Lab, Utah State University, Brigham Young University, Univ de Grenoble, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA, School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China, LANL, INL, INL, UNLV, Purdue Univ, Syracuse University, Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Tradizionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Emato-Oncologia, ICREA at Institute for Bioengineering for Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Central Michigan University, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0826, Japan, Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, CHina, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Temple U., UPenn, Temple U.,Georgia Tech, Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Univ. Dusseldorf, ISI Foundation, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Technical University Darmstadt, Georgia Inst of Tech, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Physics Department, Virginia Tech, Network Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Cognitive Ethology Lab, German Primate Center, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Kyoto Univ, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, University of Cologne, University of Leeds, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua Univ, Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Quantum Technology Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Laboratory of Physical Sciences, University of California and Google, Santa Barbara, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Joint Quantum Institute, Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Sweden, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, USA, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Departamento de Fisica, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, University of Basel, IFSC/USP, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN CEMS, University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV-26505, USA, State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Physics, Penn State University, Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. Tech., Theoretical Physics, Saarland Univ., Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) and QuTech, Delft Univ. Tech., Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics,, University of Sherbrooke, Basque Foundation for Science, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, Stanford University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Hiroshima University, ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA 94720, US, Dept. of Phys., Pusan National U., Busan 609-735, Korea. Max Plank POSTECH Center for Complex Phase Materials, POSTECH, Korea., CMPMSD, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY 11973, US, CMPMSD, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY 11973, US and Shenyang National Lab. for Materials Science, Inst. of Metal Research, CAS, China., Condensed Matt. Phys. and Materials Science Dept, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY 11973, US, Dept. of Phys. & Astro, Rutgers U., Piscataway, NJ 08854, US., Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,, SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CASHIPS, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, National High Magnetic Field Lab, University of Tokyo and JST PRESTO, CMRC/PF, KEK, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Advanced Materials University of Kentucky, KY, Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Boston College, and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Center for Advanced Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kentucky, KY, Department of Physics, Florida State University, FL, Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland, Laboratory for Scientific Developments and Novel Materials, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, SLAC and Stanford University, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, Politecnico di Milano, Itlay, ESRF, France, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, CNR/SPIN, BTU Cottbus, SMC-INFM, Harvard University, The University of California at Davis, University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, University of California, San diego, Fudan University, Shanghai, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai 200240, China, California State Univ., Fresno, Ca 93740, USA, California State Univ., Los Angeles, Ca 90032, USA, ISIS facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, Univ. of California, Riverside, Ca 92521, USA, Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, MSTD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Maryland and NIST Center for Neutron Research, University of Tulsa, Univ of Edinburgh, US Naval Research Laboratory, George Mason University, Kurume Institute of Technology, Texas A\&M University, Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198 Japan., AIMR and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, AIMR, Tohoku University, Meiji University, Tokyo University of Science, Department of physics and engineering physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, University of Wuerzburg, Germany, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Diamond Light Source, United Kingdom, Swiss Light Source, Switzerland, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, University of Arkansas, Tongji University, Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UIUC, Nanophotonics and Metamaterials Laboratory, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland, Institute of Exp. and Appl. Physics, Univ. of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany, Fakult\"at für Physik, LMU, 80539 M\"unchen, Germany, Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota; Ioffe Institute, St Petersburg, University of Alicante, University of Alicante and International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge National Lab and Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Inha Univ. Korea, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Univ of Colorado - Boulder and JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Uppsala University, OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Kansas State University, Cornell Univ, Institute of Physics, China, Univ., of Notre Dame, Renmin Univ., of China, Univ., of New Hampshire, BNL, Univ., of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Universty of Utah, Washington State University, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Carnegie Institution for Science, University of Oxford, Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Department of Physics, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Delaware, UC Berkeley and LBL, State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States, Physics Department at UC Berkeley, Physics Department at UC Berkeley and LBNL, Istituto di Struttura della Materia of the National Research Council and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Italy, Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA Saclay, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, University of California - Berkeley, Middle East Technical University, Bilkent University, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pku Univ, US Army Rsch Lab - Adelphi, US Army Research Lab - Aberdeen, Nagoya Univ., Department of Physics and IPAP, and Center for Computational Studies of Advanced Electronic Material Properties, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea, Georgia Tech University, UES Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Creatv Microtech, U. Texas, U. Houston, Kansas State U., East China Normal Univ, Washington University in Saint Louis, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, Dept. of Physics, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA, Physical Sciences Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, University of California - Santa Barbara, Bell Laboratories, Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Delft Technical University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Laboratorium fur Festkorperphysik, ETH - Zurich, Dept. of Physics, Duke University and Army Aviation & Missile RD&E Center, Redstone Arsenal, Army Aviation & Missile RD&E Center, Redstone Arsenal, Georgia State Univ, USA, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Mississippi State University, University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, ICMS, Temple University, Philadelphia, AMOLF, The Netherlands, Renmin University, University of California at Northridge, Univ of California - Los Angeles, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University of Leiden / AMOLF, School of Physics and Technology and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, Argonne National Laboratoty, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Festk\"orperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Pennsylvania State Univ, SAGE Electrochromics, Stanford synchrotron radiation lightsource, Gyeongsang National University, Dongguk University, Univ British Columbia, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Univ de Louvain, Max-Planck-Institute, Northrop Grumman Systems Corp., Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium, The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Dept. of Physics, University of California Berkeley; Kavli NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA, Dept. of Physics, University of California Berkeley; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, CA, USA, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Dept. of Physics, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA, Univ Catholique de Louvain, CNRS and Grenoble-Alpes University, Univ of Texas, San Antonio, TIFR Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Univ of Houston - Clear Lake, Physics of Living Systems, MIT, Departments of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Applied Physics, and Physics, Yale University, Benjamin Levish Institute and the Department of Physics, The City College of New York, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Univ of Oregon, Department of Physics, Roger Williams University, Beijing University, Beijing University, University of Texas at Austin, University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sci (CAS) & Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, USA, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sci (CAS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Physikalisches Institut and Roentgen Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, University of California--Berkeley, Japan National Institute for Materials Science, National Institute for Material Science, Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China, Microsoft Research, The University of Hong Kong, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Germany, Nanjing University, China, Grenoble Alps University, Neel Institute, CNRS, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, QUANTIC team, INRIA de Paris; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Engineering Physics, Tulane University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, IBM Research - Zurich, Switzerland, Aix-Marseille Universit\'{e}, CNRS, IM2NP UMR7334, 13397 Marseille, France, SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 200050, Department of Physics and NHMFL, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA, KIT, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe, Germany, CNR-Instituto Nanoscienze, Modena, Italy, NHMFL and FSU Physics, Tallahassee, FL, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, FL 32306, Physics Dept. Florida State University / National High Magnetic Field Lab, Chemistry Dept, Fu Jen Catholic University, A. Mickiewicz University, Poland, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Princeton University, New Jersey, The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia, Aix-Marseille Universit\'{e}, CNRS, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, Boston College, Link\"{o}ping University, Sweden, chad@rigetti.com, Rigetti Computing, Rigetti Comptuing, Google, Santa Barbara, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Google and University of California, CNRS-LAAS, Center for Quantum Devices and Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Tokyo Institute of Technology, TIES, Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland, Dept. of Physics, Tokyo Tech.; TIES, Tokyo Tech.; CREST, JST., Sophia University, AdSM, Hiroshima University, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA, Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials, Rutgers University, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China, Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory for Scientific Developments and Novel Materials, Paul Scherrer Institut, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, University of Kyoto, Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan, ORNL, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, NHMFL, Tallahassee, Florida, HFML, Radboud Uni., Nijmegen, The Netherlands, BUTE, Budapest, Hungary, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, USA, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA, Chungbuk National University, Korea, Peking University, China, Dept. of Basic science, the University of Tokyo, IFP, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rutgers University, and Pohang University of Science and Technology, University of North Florida, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, and MURR, Peking Univ, Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, Universit Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA, Dep. Physics, Tohoku Univ., Dep. Basic Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Kent State Univ., California State Univ. Fresno, Univ. of California - San Diego, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China, Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Japan, Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan, Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Japan, Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Ames Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, ISU, Dept. of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, ICQM, School of Physics, Peking University, Collège de France, IPhT, CEA, CPHT, École Polytechnique, Nihon University, Mitsubishi Elec Res Lab, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., King's College London, Univ of California- Riverside, University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, Dept. of Physics, Georgetown University, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, HISKP, University of Bonn, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Phys. \& Natl. High Magnetic Field Lab., Florida State Univ., Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan., Cavendish Lab., Cambridge, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Karlsruhe, Los Alamos National Labs., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Center for Hierarchical Material Design, Northwestern University, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Rep of For, Chungnam University, Rep of Kor, Seoul National University, Rep of Kor, Korea University, Rep. of Kor, University of Science and Technology, Rep of Kor, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science, Brookhaven National Lab, University of Wisconsin Madison, Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Dept of Cell & Developemnt Biology, Jerusalem, Israel, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Dept Of Applied Physics, Jerusalem, Israel, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, FORTH/ECI-HT, Patras, Greece, Department of Physics, Stanford University, CA, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, CA, USA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Waterloo, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Eisenforschung GmbH, Duesseldorf, Germany, Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany, JILA - Univ of Colorado, Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, University of Tübingen, Lund Univ/Lund Inst of Tech, Department of Physics, University of California Riverside, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, Rice University, Houston, TX, CINAP, IBS, DOES,SKKU., Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Univ of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Baylor Univeristy, Univ of Tennessee, Hunter college, CUNY, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universität Berlin, Baylor Univ, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, CNMS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, CNMS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, CNMS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Xiamen University, Massachuusetts Institute of Technology, University of Hong Kong, Air Force Research Lab, Space Vehicles Division, USA, Hunter College, CUNY, Southeast University, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Division of Material Science & Engineering, Boston University, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Electro-Optics Program and Department of Physics , University of Dayton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Electro-Optics Program, University of Dayton, Univ of Utah, Purdue University, Indiana, US, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway, Components Research, Intel Corporation, 2501 NW 229th Ave, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, Purdue University, USA, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Qutech, TU Delft, The Netherlands, Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, $^{*}$University of Wisconsin-Madison, $^{\dagger}$Delft University of Technology, $^{\ddagger}$Intel Corp., University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFRJ, Saint John's University, Los Alamos National Lab, U. of Michigan, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab,, Department of Physics, Kyoto University, RIKEN, CEMS, Riken, Univ of Tokyo-Kashiwanoha, Los Alamos Nat'l Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Nat'l Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA, Rice University, USA, Zhejiang University, China, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, Univ of California - Davis, HPCAT, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institute of Washington, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, Harvard university, AMOLF, Texas Tech University, Dept of Physics, UPenn, Dept of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Applied Science, College of William and Mary, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Missouri State University, Springfield, USA, Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Gettysburg College, Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot, Israel 76100, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, Department of Physics, Gettysburg College, Gettsyburg, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110067, India., Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India., 2 Dept of Biol \& Environ Eng, Cornell Univ, 1 Dept of Biomed Sci, Cornell Univ, 1, 2, Georgia Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Univ of California - Berkeley; LBNL, Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science; Massey University, Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, University of Liège, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Department of Physics, Fudan University, School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Procter & Gamble, AGH University of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University- Florida State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA, Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science,School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092,Shanghai, China, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of North Texas, Dept. of Physics, Central Michigan University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, University of Missouri - Columbia, Tianjin University, Deparment of Condensed Matter Theory, UPV-EHU, Leioa, Spain, Center of Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, University of Bordeaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Université Montpellier 2, Lamar University, Colorado Sch of Mines, Lead Data Scientist, Charity Navigator, 139 Harristown Rd \#101, Glen Rock, NJ 07452, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;, CNRS and ENS, ENS, Institute for Advanced Study, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, University of Fribourg, Northern Illinois University, University of Toulouse, Army Research Development and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, The Dow Chemical Company, University of North Texas, Denton TX, Central Michigan University, MI,, Central Michigan University, MI, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil, Center of General Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Sophia University, Japan, Harvard University, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Laboratory for Physical Science, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, University of Souther California, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Labs, National Institute for Materials Sceince, Julich Center for Neutron Science, Physics, University of California, San Diego, Physics, Fudan University, China, Cal State LA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Los Angeles,90032, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena-USP, University of São Paulo, University of California at Irvine, Univ Sao Paulo, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers University, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Fudan Univ., Low Temperature Physics and Superconductivity Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Geothe University Frankfurt, Germany, Brookhaven National National Laboratory, Canadian Neutron Beam Centre, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Institute for Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Sstanford University, North Carolina A&T State University, Department of Physics,National Sun Yat-sen University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, West Chester University, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany, Western Digital, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China, Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States, Fert Beijing research institute, School of electronic and information engineering, BDBC, Beihang University, Beijing, China, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Cientıfica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San Jose, University of California, San Diego,, Universite de sherbrooke, Belarus Academy of Sciences, US Naval Academy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Physics, University of Texas, KU Leuven, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, UIUC, KITP, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University and KITP, Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del CNR, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, VLC Photonics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and MIT Lincoln Laboratory, TU Wien, China Aademy of Engineering Physics, Ethiopian Academy of Sciences, Florida International University, Bradley University, University of St. Thomas, American Association of Physics Teachers, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Department of Mathematics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, R. O. C., Universidade Federal Fluminense, Universidad Federico Santa Maria, Department of physics, Korea Univ, Department Of Physics Univ of Houston - Clear Lake, The university of Tokyo, School of Engineering, Department of Chemical System Engineering, Dept. of Physics, Kumamoto University, CACS, Depts. of Physics & Astronomy, Computer Science, and Chemical Engg. & Material Science, USC, CACS, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, USC, Tongji Univ, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran, Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Transylvania Univ, University of Michigan, Istanbul University, University of Huston, Universität Bayreuth, Germany, University of Strasbourg, France, Univ of New Orleans, Hitachi ltd., Hitachi High-Technologies, University of Texas Austin, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, University of Michigan, Dearborn, 300 Below Inc., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Millikin University, Center for Entrepreneurship, Millikin University, Millikin University, Rochester Inst of Tech, 300 Below, Inc., City Colleges of Chicago, Ithaca College, Cleveland State University, Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, Hartnell Comm Coll, Johns Hopkins Univ, University of Michigan, Duke University, University of Maryland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, JARA-Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universitaet Regensburg, Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics, Frankfurt (Oder), Institut quantique and D\'epartement de physique, Universit\'e de Sherbrooke \& Candian Institut for Advanced Research, CIFAR, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Institut quantique and D\'epartement de physique, Universit\'e de Sherbrooke, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305, INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Physics Department and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Department of Applied Physics and Department of Physics, Yale University, Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Univ of California - Irvine, CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, F-38000 Grenoble, France, Ludwig Max Univ Muenchen, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, The University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, IBM Almaden Res Ctr, Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University and INRIA Paris Rocquencourt, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Dept. of Physics, National Taiwan University, CCMS, National Taiwan University, IAMS, Academia Sinica, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin,, Department of Materials science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University,, Missouri State Univ, Dept of Mat. Sci. and Engr., Univ of Wisconsin, Univ of Wisconsin, University of Konstanz, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Univ of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Department of Physics, Boston College, USA, Univ., of Li\`{e}ge, Univ., Grenoble Alpes - CNRS, Univ., Federal de Sao Carlos, Peter Gruenberg Institut, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, ETH, Switzerland, EPFL, Switzerland, University of Dallas, CD-FMat, AIST, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA, Drexel University, PA, USA, Vanderbilt University,TN, USA, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA, Battery Innovation Center, Newberry, Indiana, USA, School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, USA, Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, Science Technology Center Reactivelectron of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 83049 Donetsk, Ukraine, Shangdong University, ISIR, Osaka Univ., NIMS, MI2I, NIMS, MI2I, U. of Waterloo, Tulane U., NC State, Idaho National Laboratory, Ohio Univ. / Argonne National Lab., CEMES, CNRS, Toulouse, Ohio Univ., Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universitaet Marburg, Benedict College, MPI-CPfS, ILL, Grenoble, Duke University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science & Oak Ridge National Laboratory Materials Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory - Advanced Light Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Materials Science and Technology Division, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, University of Science and Technology of China, Dongguk University-Seoul, Hubei University, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, AL 35487-0324, University of Oviedo and CINN, IMDEA Nanoscience, University of Oviedo, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Physical Institute, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, Univ of California-Santa Cruz, National Institute of Materials Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, City College of CUNY, Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius LT-01108, Lithuania, 3rd Physics Institute, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, GT-Lorraine; UMI 2958, Institut Nel, CNRS-Universit Grenoble Alpes; Georgia Tech, Institut Nel, CNRS-Universit Grenoble Alpes, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Clemson Univ, Istutito Italiano di Tecnologia, Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, USA, MPI Dresden, Centre de nanoscience et nanotechnologie, Marcoussis, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, ENS Paris, CNRS, City College of the City University of New York, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, University of California - San Diego, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC, New York University, Florida State University/National High Magnetic Field Lab, Chalk River Laboratories, NHMFL, FSU, NHMFL, LANL, LANL/NHMFL, NHMFL/FSU, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago and Physics, University College London, BSS, Cavendish Lab, University of Cambridge, UK, Physics of Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, ULB, Belgium, Department of Physics; Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, UK, NIST and Delaware U., Indiana U. and NIST, IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Inst for Advanced Study; Rockefeller University, Martin A School of Physics, Brandeis Unv, Levich Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, CCNY, James Franck Institute and University of Chicago, Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Ulm University, University of Leeds Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Washington Atmospheric Sciences, Oklahoma University Medicine, Kyushu Univ, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Univ of Florida, CEA-INAC-SPrAM, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos, Singapore, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, University of Maribor, and Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia, University of Warsaw, Poland, U. Colorado Boulder, University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, Sensengasse 8/12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, J. Heyrovsk\'{y} Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolej\v{s}kova 3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Hitachi, Ltd., Murdoch University, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Zeiss, KIT, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Machine Learning Group, Technische Universit\"{a}t Berlin, ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Department of Physics, School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, School of Physics, University of Sydney. Engineered Quantum Systems, ARC Centre of Excellence., National Research Council Canada, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, UNSW Australia, University of Sherbrooke/Sandia National Labs, University of New Mexico/Sandia National Labs, Quantum Circuits, Inc., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA, University of Birmingham, UK, National Sun Yatsen University, Taiwan, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Oberlin College, Univ of Delaware, Khalifa University of Science, UAE, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, NCSR Demokritos, Greece, APS, Argonne National Lab, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, University Of Winnipeg, IQM, JHU; NCNR, NIST, NCNR, NIST, IQM and Dept of Chemistry, JHU, IQM, JHU, University of California Santa Cruz, Brockhouse Institute for materials research, Neutron center for Neutron research (NIST), Universite de Sherbrooke, Neutron Scattering and Magnetism, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Ohio University / CNM, Argonne National Lab, Electronic Microscopy Center, Argonne National Lab, CNM, Argonne National Lab, Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), Argonne National Lab, Inria Paris and Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, Google and University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Microelectronics and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA, State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, City College of New York, Dept. of Physics, ETH Zurich, Brookhaven National Lab., Department of Quantum Matter, University of Geneva, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, The Johns Hopkins University, USA, L2C-CNRS, Montpellier, France, CEITEC, Brno, Czech Republic, LPS-CNRS, Orsay, France, University of Geneva, Switzerland, LNCMI-CNRS, Grenoble, France, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, The Johns Hopkins University, Universit\'{e} Montpellier, Masaryk University, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, IOP CAS, Univ of Tokyo, RIKEN CEMS, Chuo University, Chungbuk National Univerity, IBS, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), University of Kentucky, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, RASEI, University of Colorado, Boulder, Swiss Light Source, Paul Sherrer Institut, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Computational Science Research Center, Soochow Univ, Univ of Oxford, MIT;Federal Univ.Viçosa,Brazil, Giresun Univ., Turkey, MIT;JSPS,Japan;Tokyo Tech,Japan, Oak ridge National Lab, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Brazil, MIT, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Brazil, Technion University, Intel Corporation, Institute für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISSP, Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo Univ. Sci., Dep. Physics, Univ. Illinois, Max Plank POSTECH center for Complex Phase Materials, IBS-CCES, Seoul National University, Quantum Matter Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, HISKP, University of Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Centre de Physique Th\'eorique, \'Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, University of Bristol, Ames Laboratory/Iowa State University, USA, Institute of Physics, CAS, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University,, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA., Ames Laboratory US DOE, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France, Universidad Aut\'{o}noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, University of Bath, St. Andrews University, Ohio University/Argonne National Lab, J. Stefan Inst., SLovenia, University of Cambridge, UK, University of Sheffield, UK, University College London (UCL), UK, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Univ of Florida - Gainesville, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of G\"ottingen, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Universit\'{e} Paris-Sud, Universit\'{e} Paris Saclay, The Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo, RIKEN CEMS, RIKEN, RIKEN AICS, Tel Aviv University, Israel, University College Dublin, National University of Singapre, Stanford Univ. & SLAC Nat. Acc. Lab., Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST / Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Portugal, IBM Almaden Research Center, Ewha Womans University, South Korea, University of Tennessee- Knoxville, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, George Washington University, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'Information, CNRS, Central South University, KAUST, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Department of Physics, SKKU, Suwon 16419, Korea, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 10087, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Savannah River National Laboratory, Ural Federal University, Hanyang University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Department of Physics, Temple University, Rice University \& Peking University, Max-Planck-Inst f\"ur Eisenforschung, Univ of Manchester, USF, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Vienna Biocenter, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Universitat Regensburg, Technische Universitat Munchen, Department of Physics, Keio University, Japan, University of Nevada, Reno, The Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Japan, Cryogenic Research Center, University of Tokyo, Japan, Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Japan, Korea Adv Inst of Sci & Tech, Wayne State Univ, National High Field Magnetic Laboratory and University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, Imperial College, London, UK, Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv., Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem., AMOLF and Leiden University, Leiden University and AMOLF, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Institute of Materials Strucutre Science, KEK, Japan, Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Institut f\"ur Mathematik, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, NY & US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, The University of Florida, Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, Mount Holyoke College, Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, BASF SE, GMV/T – J542S, 67056, Germany, The University of Vermont, Angstrom Sun Technologies Inc., Washington State Universtiy, Google Brain, Fraunhofer ITWM Kaiserslautern, Germany, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Goettingen, Germany, University of Califorina, Irvine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), U of Washington, Ludwig-Maximillians University Munich, MPI PKS Dresden, Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, center for theoretical biological physics, Rice university, Houston, TX 77005, Physics & Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1040, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1040, Univ Politecnica de Catalunya, AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Louisiana Tech University, Grambling State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, USA, Hitachi,Ltd., ARC CoE Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Univ, South Dakota State University, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, SISSA and ICTP Trieste, Italy, Kyokugen, Osaka University, Japan, ISTM-CNR, Universit\`{a} Milano, Italy, University of the Fraser Valley, Dept. of Mech. Eng. and Mat. Science, Duke University, Dept. of NanoEng., UCSD, Dept. of Mat. Science and Eng., NCSU, Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Department of Physics and Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of America, Hosei University, Muhlenberg College, NIST - Gaithersburg, Tsinghua Univ, University of Michigan, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Fuzhou University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TU Dortmund University, Quantum condensed matter division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, Univ. Kaiserslautern, Germany, Augsburg University, Germany, MPI CPfS, Dresden, EPFL, Lausanne, NICPB, Tallinn, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Germany, Julich Centre for Neutron Science, Garching, Germany, Ghent University, Belgium, Oxford University, UK, NHMFL, Tallahassee, Institut National des Sciences Appliqués, Toulouse, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Crete, University of Alabama, Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, HP, India, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, UC Santa Barbara and Google Quantum Hardware, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Stanford Univ - Ginzton Lab, Princeton U., National U. of Singapore, National Tsing Hua U, U. of Zurich, Switzerland, Singapore U. of Tec. and Design, National Sun Yat-Sen U., Natl Univ of Singapore, Singapore Univ of Technology and Design, Natl Sun Yat-Sen Uni, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan, University of Hyogo, Japan, RIKEN, Japan, ISSP, University of Tokyo, Japan, Rutgers University, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Rutgers University, Italian Institute of Technology, RIKEN, Center for Emergent Matter Science, Japan, HFML, Radboud Uni., Nijmegen, Netherlands, NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary, Natl Inst of Chem Phy & Bio, Tallinn, Estonia, Semiconductor Physics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, University of Buffalo, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, VA and Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, City Univ of Hong Kong, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, IMM-CNR, Agrate Brianza Unit, Via Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Augsburg University, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA, Natl High Magnetic Field Lab and Florida State University, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Shangai Jiao Tong University, Niels Bohr Inst, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA, Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany, IFW, IFF, Dresden, Germany, Xiamen University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Xiamen University, Deptartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, NBI, U. Copenhagen, Denmark, Dept. of Physics, U. Florida, USA, Dept. of Phys. and Astr., UBC, Canada, MPI-FKF, Stuttgart, Germany, SUPA, U. St. Andrews, UK, Dept. of Phys. and Astr., Shanghai Jiao Tong U., China, CNMS, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., USA, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia (PA), USA, Physics Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (IL), USA, Physics Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia (PA), USA, Phys. Faculty, Moscow State University; Inst. of Experimental Minerology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Phys. Faculty, Moscow State University; Inst. of Phys. and Tech., Ural Federal University; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Russia, University of Massachusetts, Smith College, Department of Physics, Boston University, Department of Theoretical Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science,, Univ of Maryland, San Francisco State University, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Weizmann Institute, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Univ of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Department of Physics , Univ of Texas at Austin, Trent University, Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Marcoussis, FRANCE, Univ Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC / ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University / CNRS, Paris, FRANCE, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Canadian Light Source, Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln,Department of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Jeffrey Neaton Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab; UC-Berkeley; Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center, University of Milano Bicocca, Harvard University, Physics Department, Harvard University, Chemistry and Physics Department, Harvard University, Chemistry Department, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Institute Rudjer Boskovic, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA., University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Columbia University Physics Department, The University of Tokyo and RIKEN, TU and NIST, Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany., Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Pusan National Univ, Univ of Ulsan, University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Univ. of Vienna (Austria), Vienna Univ. of Technology (Austria), Yanshan Univ. (China), Physics Department E.R. Caianiello, University of Salerno, IT, Physics Department, Sapienza University, Rome, IT, CNR-ISM, Rome, IT, CNR-IS, U.O.S. di Tor Vergata, Rome, IT; LNF, INFN, Rome, IT, MPIPKS Dresden, Tampere University of Technology, Inchoen National University, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Incheon Natl Univ, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, University of Ontario Institute of Technology \& National Research Council of Canada, Cambridge University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN and University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, QCMD, ORNL, TN, MSTD, ORNL, TN - UTK, TN, NHMFL-FSU, MSTD, ORNL, TN, QCMD, ORNL, TN - UTK, TN, Department of Physics, POSTECH, Korea, NHMFL/LANL, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA, Advanced Light Source, E.O. LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA, Dept. of Physics, University of British Columbia,Vancouver, Canada, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Simon Fraser University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin f\"{u}r Materialien und Energie, NCNR, ISSP, Japan, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, ESPCI PSL Research University, Johns Hopkins University, Northwestern University, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, UK, Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, Wesleyan University, PMMH-ESPCI, PARISTECH, CNRS et Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Gulliver UMR 7083 ESPCI, PMMH, UMR7636 ESPCI, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Dept. of Physics, Georgetown University \& Harvey Mudd College, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, Northwestern University, the University of Tokyo, RIKEN, Department of applied chemistry, Waseda University, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NIST/Indiana University, Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd., NIST NCNR, Clemson University, FU Berlin, Newcastle University, The University of Delaware, City University of New York, Hunter College, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, MEMS Department, Duke University, Dept. of Mathematics, Duke Univ., Dept. of Mathematics, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Materials, Imperial College London, MEMS Dept., Duke Univ., IBM, Institute of Science and Technoloy Austria, Rockefeller University, University of Northern Iowa, UC Merced, Harvard Medical School, CNRS, Grenoble, France, University of L'Aquila, Italy, Harvard University; University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; University of California, Berkeley, University of Colorado, USA, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, China, Temple University, USA, Jilin University, China, Intermolecular Inc., Exabyte Inc., University of Ontario, Institute of Technology, National Research Council of Canada, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogota, QuICS, University of Maryland, NTT, Northrop Grumman - Baltimore, Google, Venice, Google Quantum A.I. Lab, UC - Santa Barbara, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Research Laboratory for Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Research Laboratory for Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NASA Ames, Universita di Parma, UPV/EHU & IKERBASQUE, Universidade do Porto, UPV/EHU, Dept. of Physics, National Tsing Hua Univ., Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Applied Physics and Dept. of Physics, National Taiwan Univ., Taiwan, S.U.N.Y.-Oswego, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Deapartment of Physics, Boston University, Chinese academy of science, Laboratoire National des Champs Magn\'{e}tiques Intenses, France, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, IA, USA, IBM TJ Watson Research Center, UC Irvine, University of Minnesota, CEMS, University of Denver, Technical University Dresden, Walther-Meissner Institute, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, QISP CIFAR, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, Sandia National Laboratories, University of New-Mexico, Sandia National Laboratories, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, The University of Sydney, Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Australia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Birck Nanotechnology Center, and Station Q Purdue, Purdue University, USA, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA, Sandia National Laboratories, USA, Dept. of Appl. Phys. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Chem. & Envir. Eng. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci., Chem. & Envir. Eng., and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Phys. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton TX, USA, Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, The City College of New York, CUNY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, USCD, Unite Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales and Universite Paris-Sud, 91767 Palaiseau, France, ICMOL, Universitat de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain, Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100, Royal Holloway, Univ of London, Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Computer Science and Mathematics Division and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Insitutute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Exp. Physics VI, U. Augsburg, Germany, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich, Germany, Indian Inst. of Technology, Kanpur, India, NRL, Washington, DC, USA, Unite Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, France, Universite Paris Sud, France, CEA, DEN, France, California Instititute of Technology, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, Theoretical Materials Physics, University of Liège, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands, University College London, London Centre for Nanotechnology, UK, CNR-IOM UOS Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km.0,700, Monserrato (Ca) 09042, Italy, Radboud Univ Nijmegen, cornell, twente, Max Planck Inst, michigan, Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Aivon Oy, Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre, Finland, Lancaster University, UK, Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Instituto de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Department of Physics and Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, and NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Italy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and School of Materials Engineering, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, Cardiff University, Carnegie Geophysical Lab, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, LLNL, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, Detches Electronen-Synchrotron, European XFEL, Univ of Oslo, Pusan National University, Pusan, Jilin University, Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Tokyo Electron Ltd., Department of Physics and Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, South China University of Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology; Institut N\'{e}el, Universit\'{e} Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, Institut N\'{e}el, Universit\'{e} Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, Georgia Institute of Technology; Charles University, Institute for Physical Research, National Academy of Sciences, Ashtarak 0203, Armenia, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Japan, Forschungszentrum Juelich and JARA, Germany, University of Tokyo, Japan, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Technical University of Vienna, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, National Center of Theoretical Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Station Q Purdue, Purdue University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics and Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA, Zhejiang Univ, University of New Mexico, Univ. of Tennessee Knoxville and ORNL, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, Universita di Messina, UOS di Messina, Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, National Chung Hsing University, Berkeley Lab, ., Kent State universeity, University of Maribor, Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia, Slippery Rock Univ, Brandeis Univ, Technische Universität München, Max Planck Institute (MPIDS) and Nottingham Trent University, Max Planck Institute (MPIDS), Physics department, University of Santiago., Saarland U, MPI Gottingen, MPI Göttingen, Saarland U, NJIT, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Yale University, Department of Physics and Benjamin Levich Institute, The City College of the City, University of New York, LMU Munich, Technical University Munich, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, University of Maryland--College Park, Merck Chemicals Ltd., The Pennsylvania State Univeristy, TU Muenchen, Munich School of Engineering, Germany, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany, TU Muenchen, Physik-Department, LS Funktionelle Materialien, Germany, IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, UNIST, South Korea, Stanford university, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitaet, Munich, Technische Universität Dresden, Technische Universität Dortmund, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Condensed matter theory center, University of Maryland, Cal. State, Northridge, ETH Zurich, Swiss National Supercomputing Center, Swiss National Supercomputing Center, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, CACS, Depts. of Physics & Astronomy, Computer Science, and Chemical Engg. and Material Science, USC, CACS, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Cray, RPI, Dalhousie Univ, Third Institute of Physics - Georg August University, Goettingen, The University of Aberdeen, Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Experimentelle Physik II, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Physik-Institut, Universitaet Zuerich, Switzerland, Inst. for Theor. Physics III, Ruhr University Bochum, Deparment of Physics and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Steacie Institute for Molecular Science, National Research Council of Canada, Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden, Spallation Neutron Source , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 P3H, United Kingdom, Graz Univ of Technology, CSU Northridge, Department of Chemistry, Northridge, CA 91330, USA, Beijing CSCR, Beijing 100193, China, Univ. Vienna, Faculty of Physics, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, UC Santa Barbara, Dept. of Earth Science, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, UC Santa Barbara, Dept. Earth Science, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, Univ. Houston, Dept. Chemistry, Houston, TX 77204 USA., Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Key Lab Mat Phys, Hefei 230031, China, Linköping University, Mat. Sci., Elec. Eng., Phy. & Chem., Duke University, Eng. & Appl. Sci., Harvard University, Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci., Yale University, Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci., Duke University, Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Institute for Quantum Computing, Univ of Innsbruck, UMass Boston, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), University of Bern, Durham University, Eastern Washington University, HLD-EMFL, NHMFL, Los Alamos, Warwick University, National Chengchi University, Dept. of Physics, Fudan Univ., Univ of Texas - Dallas, Univ. of Tennessee; ORNL, Max-Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max-Planck Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210., College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China., Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China., Department of Physics, Faculty of science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 88186-34141, Iran, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Univ of Calgary, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Universität Würzburg (Germany), Ames Laboratory, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, Ames Laboratory, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Nanjing University (China), Universit\'{e} Paris-Saclay, France, Ecol\'{e} Polytechnique, France, City College of New York - CUNY, University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN Center for emergent Matter Science (CEMS), the University of Tokyo, School of physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory/Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory/ Department of Physics, Florida State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Trinity College, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, U Tennessee, Knoxville, U Chicago, OIST, Leibniz Inst. SSMR, MPI-CPS, Gakushuin Univ, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University. Columbus OH 43210, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University. Columbus OH 43210, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Univ of California - Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Oak Ridge National Lab and Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, ISIS Facility, RAL, DGIST, Max Plank POSTECH, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, Chalmers University of Technology, Yale University Applied Physics, ESPCI Paris, Universität zu Köln, Université Paris Didérot, ESPCI Paris & Universität zu Köln, NTT Basic Research Labs, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, IBM Korea, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, SSRL, SLAC National Laboratory, SIMES, SLAC National Laboratory, SLAC National Laboratory, Department de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique F ́ed ́erale de Lausanne, Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Départment de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York 11973, USA, SUNY, Albany, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, Universit\'{e} de Gen\`{e}ve, CH-1211 Gen\`{e}ve 4, Switzerland, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Weizmann Inst, State Univ of NY - Buffalo, Institute of Materials Structure Science, Ibaraki University, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA,USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ, Applied Superconductivity Center, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, IFW-Dresden, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, SUNY at Buffalo, Laboratoire de Physique Theorique, Ecole Normale Superieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universites, College of William and Mary, Univ. of Pittsburgh, United States Naval Research Laboratory, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, UC Merced, CA, Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Stanford University, Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Univeristy of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Bern, Switzerland, Chuo University, Japan, Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and Ikerbasque, Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PUC-RJ, Brazil, Unicamp, Brazil, Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Brazil, Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Brazil, INMETRO, Brazil, Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain, Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU, Denmark, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA, Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials (NANOSAM), Jagiellonian Univ., Krakow, Poland, DIPC and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain, Lorentz Institute, Leiden University, California State University, Los Angeles, Hunan University, Bochum University, Washington Univ, Bloomberg L.P., Technische Universit\"at Chemnitz, Loughborough Univ, STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab. UK, Kent State Univ - Kent, OH, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, School of Physics, Beihang University, Stony Brook University and Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source, Ames Laboratory, US DOE, Ames Laboratory of US Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE Scotland, United Kingdom, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea, Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program \& Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State Univ, Kent Ohio, Physics Department, Kent State University, CPIP \& LCI, ETH Zurich, California Institute of Technology, University of Bologna, University of Science and Tech of China, Department of Physics and Benjamin Levich Institute, The City College of the City University of New York, Department of Mathematics and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA., Department of Physics, Walter Schottky Institute, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich; Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Zurich, Department of Physics, Harvard University; ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Superior School of Technology, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco, Laboratory of Engineering Sciences,Polydisciplinary Faculty,Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco, ICCAS, Imperial College London, Thomas Young Centre, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, Fiber and Polymer Science, College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, Keio Univ., AIST, J-Parc, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Center of Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, IUPUI, Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Biomedical Eng., IUPUI, Stony Brook Univ.,, Universit\'e Paris Diderot, University of Hong Kong, University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Stanford University, California, Insitute of Medical Biology, Singapore; Stanford University, California, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK, Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, Dept of Phys, Natl Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Middle Tennessee State University

  • Anatole von Lilienfeld

    The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea, Department of Structure and Constituents of Matter, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain, Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Laboratoire Jean Perrin and Laboratoire de Physique Theorique de la Matiere Condensee, CNRS/Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, QuTech, Delft Univ of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands, Center for Quantum Devices and Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Syracuse University, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada, University of Chicago, United states, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Fayetteville State University, Yangzhou University, University of Virginia, University of Tennessee, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory/Ohio University, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Ohio University, Brock University, Ontario, City College of New York, CUNY, Stanford University, Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, 78000 San Luis Potosi, Mexico., IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain, Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Material Physics Center (MPC), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC). Spain, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Augusta University, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712., University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, D-Wave Systems Inc., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, The University of Minnesota, The University of Texas at Austin, The Air Force Research Laboratory - RQQM, The University of Dayton Research Institute, Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, 91767 Palaiseau, France, Thales Research and Technology, 91767 Palaiseau, France, Engineering Dept., University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, McGill University, University of Manitoba, Shanghai University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany, University of Minnesota, University of Arizona, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, The University of Texas at El Paso, W.M. Keck Center, El Paso, TX 79968, NIST - Boulder, Raytheon BBN Technologies, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Wisconsin, Madison, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, Princeton University, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Google, Santa Barbara & UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Barbara, Stockholm University, University of British Columbia, Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden and Inst. for Theor. Phys. III, Ruhr University Bochum, Dept. of Physics, Washington University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tsinghua University, Research Center Juelich, University Duisburg-Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Research Center Juelich, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory / Florida State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), INNOVENT e. V. Technologieentwicklung, Paul-Scherrer Institut, Switzerland, ISIS Neutron Facility, Columbia University, IFW Dresden, Institute for Solid State Research, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of New South Wales, TU Delft, Univ of New South Wales, Univ Grenoble-Alpes and CEA-Leti, Sandia National Laboratories, National Research Council of Canada, National Research Council, CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, CEA, LETI, Univ of Maryland-College Park, University of Maryland, NIST Gaithersburg, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Michigan State University, USA, Sun Yat-Sen University, China, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, The University of Tokyo, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, The National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kyoto University, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK, NHMFL, Tallahasse, Florida, USA, KAIST, POSTECH, Chonnam Nat. Univ., Rutgers Univ., KRISS, Seoul Nat. Univ., Korea Univ., Univ of California - Berkeley, Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Paul Scherrer Institut, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Univ of Leeds, Univ of St Andrews, GFMC, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain, Unite Mixte CNRS-THALES, Universite Paris Saclay, Palaiseau, France, University of Regensburg, Michigan State University, SIMIT CAS, QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, Denmark, University of Tsukuba, Dep. of Systems Innovation, Osaka University, Photon Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Argonne National Labaratory, Oak Ridge National Labaratory, SUNY Stony Brook, Farmingdale State College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0299, USA, NaMLab gGmbH, Noethnitzer Str. 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia, Lehigh University, Corning Inc., KIMS, Chungnam National University, Research Triangle Institute, Micross Advanced Interconnect Technologies, Sandia Natl Labs, Graduate School of science, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA 43210, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, University of Texas at Austin, DOES, SKKU, Suwon 16419, Korea, CINAP, IBS, DOES, SKKU, Suwon 16419, Korea, Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea, CINAP, IBS, Suwon 16419, Korea, Northwestern Univ, Tokyo Metropolitan University, ARL, NIST, PSU, UA, University of Southern California, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, UT 84112, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, UT 84112, USA, The University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Lab, The University of Tennessee, Wayne State University, University of Utah, Inha University, EWHA Woman's Univ, University of Notre Dame, Argonne Natl Lab, Rice Univ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, National University of Singapore, Oxford Instruments Nanoscience, Oxon, UK, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manchester, UK, Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK, Néel Institute, Grenoble, France, Physics department, Columbia University, NY, USA, Néel Institute, Grenoble, France; Physics department, Columbia University, NY, USA, Harvard University, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, The Netherlands, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan, University of California, Berkeley, University of Warwick, Tulane University, National Institute for Materials Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, Air Force Research Laboratory, University of North Texas, University of Vermont, National Taiwan University and National Nano Device Laboratories, Tohoku University, New York University Shanghai & New York University, The University of Tokyo, PRESTO-JST, Japan, NIMS, Japan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Argonne Nat. Lab., Univ. of South Florida, Univ. of S. Florida, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Texas A\&M Univ., Fudan University, Carnegie Mellon University, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, University of Colorado-Boulder, North Carolina State University, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden Germany, National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ., Japan Accuray Co Ltd.., Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Joint Institute of Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Renmin University of China, Stanford University, SIMES, SIMES, SSRL, Univ of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Florida State Univ and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Iowa State University, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, National Research Council of Canada, Politecnico di Torino, Drexel University, ESPCI, Wageningen University, Yale, Univ of Cincinnati, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, University of Cincinnati, The University of Cincinnati, Washington University in St. Louis, MIT, Georgia Tech, University of Rochester, Univ of California - San Diego, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China, University of Iowa, University of California Riverside, Chongqing University, Physikalisches Institut, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Johns Hopkins University, Georgia Institute of Technology, The University of Alabama, Federal University of Para, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611-7200, Parisian Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 5, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA, Centre for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Rutgers University, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, RWTH Aachen, RCNP, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, University of Memphis, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Univ of Notre Dame, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, University of Leipzig, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden, Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA, Institute for Materials Science, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Unite mixte de physique CNRS/Thales, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, Universit of Sud, Universit Paris-Saclay, NTT Basic Research Laboratories, National Institute of Informatics, Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Chapman University (Intern), Chapman University (Affiliated Researcher), Australian Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Queensland, University of Queensland, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of Tennessee, University of Tennessee, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, University of Duisburg-Essen, TU Darmstadt, Ruhr-University Bochum, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, University of Vienna, Vienna University of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Univ of South Florida, National laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, Caltech, Joint Quantum Institute, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, Cornell Univerisity, UCSB, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Japan, Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan, Hong Kong Univ of Sci & Tech, Army Research Lab, NHMFL, Florida State University, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Florida State University, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Dallas, Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Naval Research Lab, Washington, HLD-HZDR, NHMFL, CSNSM, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Norwegian Univ Tech (NTNU), Graduate Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, US, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Univ of California - Riverside, Walther-Meissner-Institute, Cornell University, CNF, Ithaca, NY, USA, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE, University of Sao Paulo, University of Rijeka, University of Regensburg/University of Sao Paulo, University at Buffalo, Peking University, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA Saclay, France, IFW Dresden, Institut Laue-Langevin, NIST Center for Neutron Research, Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Department of Physics, Renmin Univ of China, Beijing 100872, China, Rice University, Julich Centre for Neutron Science, Universite Grenoble Alpes, Beijing Normal University, Universit$\ddot{a}$t zu K$\ddot{o}$ln, Germany, Okayama Univ., Japan, LLB, France, ILL, France, MLZ, Germany, AIST, Japan, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (retired), Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Duke University, Appalachian State University, University of Tokyo, RIEKEN, Columbia Univ, Duke Univ, National Institute for Material Science, Japan, Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki, Naval Research Laboratory, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Cinvestav-Merida, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massa, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA., Brookhaven National Laboratory, Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Virginia, Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, DQMP - University of Geneva, CCES, IBS, Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (CCES, IBS), Tulane Univ, Univ of Geneva, Texas A & M University, ETRI, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States, Univ of Texas, Austin, University of Texas at Dallas, University College Cork, University of Texas, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, ASICS Corporation, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, UC Berkeley, UC Berkeley, CIO, Mexico, WSI and Physics Department, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK, Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, Department of Physics, Stanford University, Univ of Missouri - Columbia, University of Western Cape, Weizmann Institute of Science, Microsoft Research, Station Q, University of California, Microsoft Station Q, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Physics of Solids, Univ Colorado, Boulder, Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University,Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, Aalto University; Brown University, Oakland University, Aalto University, University of Tehran, Aalto University; University of Tehran, Nordita, University of Missouri, Radboud University, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, City University of New York, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560 012. India, Clark Atlanta University, Georgia State University, Hiroshima University, Japan, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Pusan National University, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Physics, CNRS Institut Neel; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Physics, CNRS Institut Neel, Indian Institute of Science, International Centre for Theoretical Studies, Raytheon BBN Technologies, Quantum Information Processing Group, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, US, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, École Normale Supérieure, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of Tennessee: Knoxville, ORNL, Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory, Politechnico di Milano, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Nist Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800 TURKEY, SLAC - Natl Accelerator Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Purdue University, Univ of Sci & Tech of China, University of Cambridge, SuperSTEM Laboratory, Universtity of Bremen, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Advanced Simulation Technology Of Mechanics R\&D, Co., Ltd., Osaka City University, Department of physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Inst. f. Theo. Phys., TU Clausthal, Germany, Inst. f. Theo. Phys., U. G\"ottingen, Germany, ESPCI Paris, Institut Langevin, Paris, France, The University of Manchester, Brown University, University of Manchester, University of Liverpool, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Univ of Chicago and Argonne National Lab, Univ of Chicago, Univ of Massachusetts at Amherst, Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, Department of Chemistry, New York University, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds & Tech, Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, JILA, University of Colorado, Delft University of Technology, Element Six Innovation, QUTech & Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, University of Saarland, Element Six, The Ohio State University, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Keio University, UNC, University of Akron, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, LIPHY, Universite Grenoble Alpes, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Department of Physics, UT Austin, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Charite Berlin, Leipzig University, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) / Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), The University of Queensland, RWTH Aachen University, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, FOM Institute AMOLF, Univ of California - Santa Barbara, Ohio State University, Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, Utrecht University, TU Dortmund, Unite Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Universite Paris Saclay, France, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Univ of Texas, Austin;ICQM, PKU, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA, Cornell University, Cornell University and Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, SYMMES, Univ. Grenoble Alpes / INAC-CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France, SPINTEC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes / CNRS / INAC-CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France, Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, University of Nebraska---Lincoln, University of California, Riverside, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, Instituut-Lorentz, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Japan, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Department of Physics, McCullough Building, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4045, USA, Department of Physics, IPAP, and Center for Computational Studies of Advanced Electronic Material Properties, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany, Dept. of Physics, The Univ. of Tokyo, Japan, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Stanford Univ, LBNL, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, IBS-CCES, Univ. of Kentucky, Delft Univ of Tech, Eindhoven Univ of Tech, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China, Stanford University, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford University, Department of Physics, Diamond Light Source, Ames Laboratory, Institut fur Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Technion, Physics department, Ohio State University, Physics Department, Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokodai Institute for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, University of Florida, Walther Meissner Institut, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Kent State University, University of California, San Diego, Stanford Univ. and SLAC Nat. Acc. Lab., SLAC Nat. Acc. Lab., Stanford Univ., University of Toronto \& Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy \& Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, University of Waterloo \& Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of Waterloo, Institut Laue-Langevin, France, California State Univ-Fresno, The University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, ESPCI, Paris, ETH Zurich, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, NIMS, Free University Berlin, Max Planck Institution, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, New York Univ NYU, ICM, Madrid, Northwestern University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China, CCS, University of Tsukuba, Texas A&M University, School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, LIPhy CNRS and University Grenoble Alpes, Boston Univ, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University. Piscataway, NJ 08456, Center for Emergent Materials, Department of Physics. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Institute for Basic Science, Dept. of Materials Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, China, ICQD and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, China, National Institute for Materials Science (Japan), Dept. of Physics, Pohang Univ. of Science and Technology, Korea, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan, Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Natl Taiwan Univ, Natl Taiwan Sci Educ Ctr, Natl Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Department of Chemistry, UCL, UK, Department of Physics, Hanyang Univ., Korea, School of Physics, Zhengzhou Univ., China, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Academia Sinica, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics and Center for Correlated Matter, Zhejiang University, Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego; Department of Physics, Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory, university of manchester, UC San Diego, Ames Laboratory, U.S. DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa, Ames Lab, Ames. Iowa, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Louisiana State University, Dpto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. Químicas, UPV/EHU, Spain, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, International Laboratory of High Magnetic Fields and Low Temperatures, Poland, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States., Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' di Parma, Parma, Italy, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Ditcot, UK, IMEM-CNR, Parma, Italy, ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, International Center For Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China, Univ of NC - Chapel Hill, University of California - Irvine, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Seoul National University, National Taiwan University, National Tsing Hua University, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, Brimrose Technologies Corporation, Sparks, MD, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, Argonne, IL, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,, Florida State University, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Cruz, Brookhaven Natl Lab, University of Oxford, National Synchrotron Research Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Osaka Prefecture University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Texas A&M Univ, Yale University, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 128-95, Pasadena, CA 91125, Ecole Polytechnique, ETH - Zurich, Universiteit Leiden, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Physics. Georgia Tech, Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, UCLA, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics \& Physics Department, Virginia Tech, Biomedical Engineering, Duquesne University, Baker Hughes, Blacksburg, Va, Korea Research Inst of Standards and Science (KRISS), Joint Quantum Institute, Univ of Maryland-College Park/NIST, Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Leiden University, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ames Laboratory, US DOE and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, Ames Laboratory USDOE and Iowa State University, Univ of Waterloo, Tufts University, Univeristy of Rostock, University of Rostock, Heriot Watt University/School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, The Coca-Cola Company, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, Univ of Akron, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, US Army Research Laboratory, University of Tennessee; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Center for Neutron Research, NIST, University of Alberta, Hokkaido Univ, 2016 APS President, University of Michigan, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Center for Metabolic Biology, Bioinformations and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Washington College, Univ of Milan, CNRS, Lyon, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Mount Sinai, University of South Florida, Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, Wuerzburg University, University of California Berkeley, Rice University and Peking University, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, Teledyne Scientific and Imaging, ICQM Peking Univ and Rice University, ICQM Peking Univ, UC Riverside, Department of physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Peking University, Rice University, SKLSM, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, NG Next, Northrop Grumman, Univ of Southern California, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, USA, Nanophotonics Center, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Whitacre College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, Choice Research Group, Natl Chiao Tung Univ, None, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, UK, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, UK, Boston University, Bar-Ilan University, Yeshiva University, Monash University, University of California, Davis, California Polytechnic State University, Professor, Ph.D Student, Northeastern Univ, Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Institute of Physics ‘Gleb Wataghin’, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa, Osaka University, Sungkyunkwan Univ, The Univ of Hong Kong, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Henan Normal University, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Sookmyoung Women's University, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science/University of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, IQOQI, Austrian Academy of Sciences - VCQ Vienna - Uni. of Vienna, Uni. of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Uni. of Vienna, Uni. of Vienna, Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, South Korea, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, South Korea, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China, CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Division of Physics and TIMS, University of Tsukuba, Cheeshin Technology Co, Shiraz University, 1Department of Physics, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610 USA, Howard University, Pohang Univ of Sci & Tech, Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Phyiscs, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Univ, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Aalborg University, School of Physics, Tongji University, Artilux Inc., Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Fordham University, The School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia, Institute for superconducting and electronic materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Techonology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia, ENS Lyon, University of Exeter, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Division of Core Facilities Imaging, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, West Virginia University, co author, Department of Physics, Ewha Womans Univ, Department of Physics, Dongguk Univ, Dpartment of Physics, KonKuk Univ, Seoul, University of New Hampshire, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, BNL, Institute of Physics, CAS, Arizona State University, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, Seoul Natl Univ, Mi, Texas A\&M University-Commerce, North Dakota State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2700, USA, University of Minnestoa, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Fudan Univ, Chongqing Univ, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Texas Center of Superconductivity and Department of Physics, Department of Physics, Jeju National University, Department of Physics, R.O.C Military Academy, Department of Material Science and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Texas Center of Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Department of Material Science and Optoelectronics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Norfolk State University, Beijing Institute of Technology, ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Physics Department, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Physics Department,Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India, Stony Brook University, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Taiwan, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science, Huazhong University of and Science and Technology, Northeastern University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University,and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China, University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign, University of Massachusetts Amherst, The State University of New York, Albany, Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, University of Toronto, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, University of Washington, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Elettra Synchrotron Light Source, ShanghaiTech University, Univ of Texas, Arlington, Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University, University of Illinois, KAERI, Bragg Institute, ANSTO, LNS, PSI, Max Planck POSTECH, Max Planck, Dresden, Chung-Ang University, Sungkyunkwan University, Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin,” UNICAMP, Montana State University, Universidade de São Paulo, Physics Department, Technion, IIT Madras, The University of California, San Diego, The Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA, The Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA, Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Beihang University, department of physics. korea univ, Yonsei Univ, Natl High Magnetic Field Lab, Chonbuk Natl Univ, Univ. of Tokyo \& RIKEN CEMS, Univ of Central Florida, University of Nebraska at, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, The Hashemite University, Department of Optical science and Engineering, Fudan University, Department of Physics and Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Qu\'{e}bec, Canada, The Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Dynamics Laboratory, Utah State University Research Foundation, University of Maryland, College Park, Vienna Univ of Technology, Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, Nankai University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Pondicherry University, QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Saarland University, University of Maryland - Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA., Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA., ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, HRL Laboratories, LLC, Malibu, California, Max-Planck-Institut Mikrostrukturphysik, Univ Autonoma de Madrid, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (Spain), International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) (Portugal), University of Konstanz (Germany), Universidad de Alicante (Spain), NCNR-NIST, Univ. of Leeds, ISIS-STFC, IISER-Pune, PSI, UniUppsala, UniBern, EPFL, UniBasel, INST-Mohali, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, Department of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, Univ. of Kaiserslautern, Max Planck Institute of complex systems, Dresden, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich and Paul Scherrer Institut, Division of Physics, Math, and Astronomy, Caltech, Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, LNS, PSI \& University of Geneva, Univ. Augsburg \& Academy of Sciences of Moldova, University of Augsburg, LMU, PSI, ESRF, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fuer Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany and Technische Universitaet Berlin, Germany, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Germany, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland, Technische Universitat München, Germany, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA, Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Germany, $ ^{3}$Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, $ ^{2}$Department of Engineering & Management of Advanced Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan, $ ^{1}$Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Chapman University, Tata Institute of Fundamental Rsearch, NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Quantronics, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, Washington University, St. Louis, Microsoft Research, Station Q, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Center for Quantum Devices, Copenhagen, Tel Aviv University, Harvard, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan, Tokyo Inst of Tech - Tokyo, Condensed Matter Theory Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln, Canadian Light Source, Inc., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Argonne National Lab, Univ. of Sci. and Tech. of China, Penn State Univ., Tsinghua Univ, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899 USA, 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart, Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Dept. of Physics, Virginia Tech, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS/Thales, University of St Andrews, Clark University, Seoul Natl Univ, CCES-IBS, CMPMS-BNL, LASSP-Cornell Univ, Univ of St.Andrews, KICNS - Cornell Univ, NIAIST - Tsukuba, Univ of Tokyo, NIAIST - Tsukuba, CMPMS-BNL, University of Tennessee Knoxville; Oak Ridge National Lab, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Oak Ridge National Lab, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Germany, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, India, CNRS, Univ. Complutense Madrid, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Argonne National Laboratory, USA, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, USA, Stanford University and SIMES, SLAC, SSRL, SLAC, SLAC, SIMES, SLAC, IMR, Tohoku University, LCLS, SLAC, Univ of Tokyo, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee. Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), Central South University, P.R.China., The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, JNCASR, Bangalore, University of Southern Alabama, IQM at JHU and Quantum Condensed Matter Divison at ORNL, Quantum Condensed Matter Divison at ORNL, ISSP at U Tokyo and NSS-MLF at JPARC, ISSP at U Tokyo, IQM at JHU, Harvard University and University of California, Davis, University of Illinois, Chicago, University of California, Irvine, Division of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Max Planck Institute for Complex Systems, Dresden, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Quantum Matter, Johns Hopkins University, Institute for Quantum Matter, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, University of California Irvine, University of California Irvine, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS, Univ of Texas at Austin, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State Univ, Tempe, Dept of Physics, Arizona State Univ, Tempe, School of Engineering for Matter, Transport and Energy, Univ of Texas at Austin, Dept of Physics, NCSU, Adámas Nanotechnologies, Inc, Northern Kentucky University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Materials Physics Center (CFM), Spain, CNR-IOM, Italy, Columbia University, USA, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain, Korea Adv Inst of Sci \& Tech, The Nonwovens Institute, Univ of Illinois - Chicago, Wake Forest University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Germany, NC State University, Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Germany, University of Chicago, Universidade Federal do Cear\'{a}, Univ College London, Tokyo Inst of Technology, Suranaree Univ of Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, University of California, Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Tokyo and ISSP, Univ. of Tokyo, Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Tokyo, Tribhuvan University, ICQM, Peking University, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Univ of Groningen, High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radbound University, Towson University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Hoegiro 85, Seoul 02455, Korea, Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, CNRS and Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Georgetown University, UC Berkeley, LBNL, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pusan National University, LBNL, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Ioffe Institute, ICQD, Univ. of Sci. and Tech. of China, Harvard Univ., Univ. of Utah, Imperial College London, ENS - Lyon, ETH, Prinston Univ, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sandia National Laboratory, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan, Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,, Dept. of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Inst. of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Emory University, Dalhousie University, University of California - Davis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Federal University of Piaui, Zhejiang University, China Acad of Engr Phys, Department of Physics, Osaka University, Ames Laboratory/Iowa State University, Iowa State University/Ames Laboratory, UC Davis, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, Sichuan University, China, Southeast University, China, Bilkent Univ, North Carolina State Univ., Univ., of Maryland, North Carolina State Univ.; Aalto Univ., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City Univ of Hong Kong, Washington University, Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, Institut Laue Langevin, Paul Scherrer Institute, Univ of Birmingham, Univ of Montreal, Center for Information Networking and Telecommunication City College of New York (CCNY),, Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, South Korea, UCSD, NYU, Center for Soft and Living Matter, IBS; Department of Chemistry, UNIST, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics and Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology; Center for Soft and Living Matter, IBS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia, Niels Bohr Institute, Danish Quantum Optics Center QUANTOP, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark, E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, JILA, NIST and CU Boulder, Leibniz University Hannover, NIST, Boulder, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Miami University, Ecole Polytech de Montreal, Florida State Univ, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Japan, Georgetown University, Department of Physics, Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, UR1 CNRS/Synchrotron SOLEIL, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Synchrotron SOLEIL, ShanghaiTech University, University of Oxford, ALS, ALS,ShanghaiTech University, TU Dresden, Institute of Physics, ASCR, University of Zurich, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, Brookhaven National Lab, USA, Princeton University, USA, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA, Boston College, Boston, USA, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Oxford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ames Laboratory \& Iowa State University, Simon Fraser University, Elizabethtown College, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia institute of Technology, Atlanta, 771 Ferst Drive, GA, USA, Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea, Glenville High School, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Department of Physics and Astronomy \& NQPI, Ohio University, Salk Institute, Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, Bielefeld University, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, State Univ of NY, Washington Univ., St. Louis, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, Institute IMDEA Nanoscience, Madrid Spain, Institute of Electronic Materiazls Technology, Warsaw , Poland, Department of physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, MO 65409 USA, LNCMI-CNRS, 25 rue des martyrs, Grenoble, France, Suranaree Univ of Tech., Univ of Warwick, Tokyo Institute of Tech., Univ of Tokyo \& RIKEN, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University, University of California San Diego, Dept. of Elec. Eng., UCLA, University of Toronto, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Boston Coll, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Canada, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, UK, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, UK, Institute for Quantum Matter and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Max Plank Institute, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, National Research Centre “ Kurchatov Institute, ”, Instrument Source Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Data Analysis and Visualization Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ETH, Zurich, IMPMC Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, CEA DAM DIF, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, Washington DC, Naval Research Lab Code 6182, Naval Research Lab Code 7130, Enli Technology, Kaohsiung Science Park, Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Optoelectronics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Physics, Military Academy, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Univ of Melbourne, Sandia Natl Labs, University of Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sandia National Labs, Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Perimeter Institute, ALS, LBNL, ALS and MSD, LBNL, Department of Physics, University of Kentucky, Univ of Minnesota, Univ of Virginia, Station Q, Microsoft Research, Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, KTH Stockholm, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, China, Max-Planck-Institut, Dresden, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Station Q, Santa Barbara, Oak Ridge National Lab Spallation Neutron Source, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, University of Delaware, USA, QuantumWise A/S, Denmark, California State University, USA, Univ del Pais Vasco, Ikerbasque basque foundation, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle, IBM Almaden Research Ctr, Mandlestam Institute for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, South Africa, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Neel, F-38000 Grenoble, France, University College London, University of Surrey, Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University,, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin,, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ISSP, University of Tokyo, Ochanomizu University, NSRRC, HiSOR, Institute for Research in Electronics & Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA, University of California Los Angeles, Technion, Center for Electronic Materials and Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST), Korea, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technolog, Korea, Universidad Complutense, QCMD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory and QCMD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MSD, Argonne National Laboratory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA, Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Physics Department, Boston College, Swiss Muon Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, BESSY-II, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, SLAC and Stanford, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The North Carolina State University, The Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, MINT Center, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,TN 37831 USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Pittsburgh, National Cheng Kung University, IBM Research - Zurich, SPEC, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France, LPS, Orsay, France, LNCMI, Toulouse, France, University of Texas, Austin, USA, ECE and MSE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, Dept of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, IIT Kanpur, UP 208016, India, AEP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, MSE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, Electronics Science and Technology Division, U.S. NRL, Washington, DC 20375, ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, University of Geneva, Department of Quantum Matter Physics, Geneva, National Institute of Standards and Technology/CNAM, MD, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, Université de Sherbrooke and Institut quantique, Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institut f\"{u}r Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universit\"{a}t Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany, Institute for Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Boeing-Spectrolab Inc., University of Toledo, Seton Hall Univ, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Washington University, Ewha Womans Univerisity, Korea Advanced Nanofab Center (KANC), University of Wyoming, University of Oklahoma, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada, University of Waterloo / Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leuven / University of Amsterdam, The Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Renmin Univ of China, Advanced Light Sources, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Bar Ilan University, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, National Sun Yat-Sen U., Taiwan, Bragg Institute, Australia, National Central University, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Maryland, 20742, Institute for Research in Electronics \& Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Sogang University, University of Ulsan, UNIST, Polytechnique Montreal, Universite de Montreal, RIKEN, UNC Charlotte, HFML, Nijmegen, FSU $\&$ NHMFL, Department of Physics. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210, randolph.elmquist@nist.gov, National Physical Laboratory, Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cambridge, UK, London Center for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK, CEA-Leti, Grenoble, France, Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungs Zentrum Juelich, State Univ of NY- Stony Brook, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing Univers, Vanderbilt Univ. & ORNL, ORNL & Univ. of Tennessee, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee FL, 32310, USA, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee FL, 32307, USA, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, IBS-CCES, Seoul Natl. Univ., Sungkyunkwan Univ., Kunsan Natl. Univ., Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Univ. of Seoul, Sungkyunkwan Univ., IBS-CINAP, Temple Univ, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 573-701, South Korea, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Univ of Northern Iowa, Penn State Univ, Towson Univ, UFMG, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China, I. Institute of Physics, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany, Tohoku Univ., JASRI, Hiroshima City Univ., Nagoya Institute of Tech., Univ of Vermont, The Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew Universit, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, Federal University of Parana, Union College, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, University of Paris-Saclay, University of Central Florida, University of Paris-Sud, Brookhaven National Lab, Pacicfic Northwest National Lab, Retired, Institute of Physics, NCTU, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, KFU, Russia, Kyushu University, NSLS II, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, NIST NCNR / Univ of Maryland, Stevens Institute of Technology, University of Southern Mississippi, Univ of Memphis, Physics Departiment, National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA, Institute for Mechanical Engineering, Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization (MPIDS), 37077 Gottingen, Germany, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Centro Atómico Bariloche e Instituto Balseiro, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany; Harvard University, Cambrigde, MA, USA, Brandeis University, University of California, Merced, Dipartimento FIM, Universita di Modena e Reggio E. and Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR, via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy, Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR, via Campi 213/a, Modena, Italy, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Quantum Device Lab, ETH Zurich, Quantronics group, SPEC, IRAMIS, DSM, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Department of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Institute for Experimental Physics II, Universitat Leipzig, Linnstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Iowa State Univ, Molecular Physics, University Leipzig, Linnestr. 5, 04317 Leipzig, Germany, University Halle Wittenber, Halle-Saale, Germany, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, University of Ioannina, Osnabrueck University, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Indian Institute of Technology - Gandhinagar, Univ of Minn - Minneapolis, Univ of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Princeton Univ, Mentor Graphics, University of Seoul, Departamento de fisica de materiales, Universidad del Pais Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain, Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA, Facluty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Department of Applied Physics, National Defense Academy, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Indiana University School of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Peter Gruenberg Institute, FZ Juelich, Germany, II. Institute of Physics B, RWTH Aachen, Germany, Peter Gruenberg Institute and ER-C, FZ Juelich, Germany, IFW Dresden and Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, RIKEN Cen- ter for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), University of California at Berkeley, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington, APS, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Technology Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, Aarhus University, CEA-Saclay, IEMN, 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, CUNY-City College of New York and CUNY-Graduate Center, NY, USA, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania, Australian National University, ACT, Australia, CUNY-City College of New York, NY, USA, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, University of Maryland-College Park, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, Lincoln Laboratory, Universit\'e de Sherbrooke, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, The University of Jordan, Shizuoka University, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA and SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA, The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Neutron Scattering and Magnetism, ETH Zurich, Theory of Quantum Matter Group, University of Geneva, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Eindhoven University of Technology, Universit\"at W\"urzburg, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA., Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA., Key Lab of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Virginia Tech, Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc.,, UC Santa Barbara, Leiden University, Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK, EPSRC National Centre for III-V Technologies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK, Quantum Opus, 42511 Helm St., Plymouth, MI 48170, USA, University of Edinburgh, University of Winnipeg, McMaster University, LPTHE, CNRS and Universit\'{e} Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universit\'{e}s, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Colorado State University, Lanzhou University, Department of Physics, Waseda Univ., Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, USA, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Station Q, Microsoft Research; Univ of California- Santa Barbara, Niels Bohr Institute; Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute; Station Q Copenhagen; Dusseldorf, CalTech, Univ of California - Santa Barbara; Station Q, Microsoft Research, Niels Bohr Institute, Niels Bohr Institute; University Düsseldorf, UT Austin, Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Dep. of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA, Cond. Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA, Fudan University&University of California, Irvine, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, WV 26506, USA, Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, 30010 HsinChu, Taiwan, University of Houston, USA, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Baylor University, USA, School of Materials Science and Engineering -Low dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Naval Research Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) and Shadong University, Siberian Federal University, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, University of Peradeniya, Rajarata University, Univ of California - Merced, NTU, Department of Physics and Astronomy \& Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, PSE UMASS Amherst, Chemistry Department, UMASS Amherst, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, University of California Merced, Nanyang Tech Univ, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar, University of Toronto, Canada, National Tsing-Hua University, University of Birmingham, Universite Paris Diderot, CUNY College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY 10314 USA, Rutgers Univ, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, New Jersey Inst. Tech., New Jersey Inst of Tech, L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics at the University of Houston and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Tennessee, Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics at the University of Houston, Department of Physics, Yonsei University, University of South Alabama, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge University, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Advanced Photon Source, Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Japan, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, UC Berkeley/LBNL/Kavli ENSI, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, University of Copenhagen, Shanghai Normal University, Univ of Sherbrooke, LPA-CNRS, IOP-CAS, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Penn State University, Indian Inst of Science, Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Korea, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Korea, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville/ Oak Ridge National Laboratory, SIMES, SLAC \& Stanford University, Advanced Light Source, LBNL, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Physics Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, National Institute of Standards \& Technology, University of Texas, Austin, UTRC, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 U.S.A., Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439 U.S.A., Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 U.S.A., University of South Dakota, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklin, Greece, Theory of Condensed Matter, University of Cambridge, Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of North Texas, Denton, TX, Dept. of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, School of Pharmacy, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, Dept. of Materials Science, UC Berkeley, CA, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, UC Louvain, Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo and Institute of Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Colorado School of Mines and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, University of Colorado, National Synchrotron Radiation Center, California State University, Long Beach, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Japan., Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Japan, Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan, Univ of British Columbia, Canadian Light Source, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Univ. of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Univ. Sao Carlos, Brazil, Max Plank Institute of complex systems, Dresden, Germany, Univiversity of British Columbia, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, HK, Universit\"{a}t Frankfurt, Germany, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, Georgetown Univ, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Univ of Mass - Amherst, University of Michigan, Lehman College - CUNY, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Department of Physics, Duke University, Montpellier University, Physics department, University of Santiago, Université de Montpellier; Duke University, Université Rennes 1, University of Stuttgart, Universit\'{e} de Montpellier, Presbyterian College, UMass Amherst, AMOLF Amsterdam, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden University, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Physique Theorique, Universite' Paris Saclay, CNRS, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, United States Army Research Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, University of Twente, Physics of Fluids, Universiteit Twente, Univ of Nebraska-Lincoln, California State University, San Bernardino, Universite de Louvain, UC Santa Barbara - Materials, PolyK Technologies, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, University of Geneva, University of Cornell, University of Delaware, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Rutgers University, Kongju National University, Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia, Scientific IT Services, ETH Zurich, Baylor Colledge of Medicine, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Akron, CNR-SPIN and Universita' degli Studi di Salerno, Italy, Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, IFW Dresden, Walter Schottky Insitut and Physics department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, D-85748 Garching, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Festk\"orperforschung, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique F\'{e}d\'{e}rale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, U.S. Army Research Laboratory - APG, Lockheed-Martin, ARL DOD Supercomputing Resource Center, University of Connecticut, Univ. of the Basque Country, University of Ilinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Luxembourg, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Physics, Temple University,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University., Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University., ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Yale School of Medicine, Yale Univ, Queens College of CUNY, Louisiana State Univ - Baton Rouge, \'Ecole Polytechnique F\'ed\'erale de Lausanne, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Gordon College, Department of Physics, Wenham, MA 01984, Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences Towson University, Texas Tech University, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, National Centre for Biological Sciences TIFR, India, Ball State University, Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Dept. Physics, North Dakota State University, Dept. Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Israel Institute of Technology, Missouri University of Science and Technology, The University of Texas at El Paso, State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, University of San Diego, Georgia State Univ, Department of Physics, UNIST, Korea, IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, and Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea, University of Duisburg-Essen Lotharstr, JASRI/SPring-8, Grad. Sch. Eng., IMCE, WPI-I2CNER, Kyushu Univ., LPTMC, CNRS-UMR 7600, Universit\'e Pierre et Marie Curie, Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Formosa University, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Netherlands, University of Milano, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, College of Charleston, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Mathematical Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Nagoya University, Univ of NC - Chapel Hil, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Air Force Rsch Lab - WPAFB, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA, Hongik University, Univ of Pennsylvania, Hallym University, Chungnam Natl Univ, Tufts Univ, Univ of Rostock, Simon Bolívar University, University of the Basque Country, James Madison University, High Point University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter,Xiamen University,China, Physics Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O.Box 1176, Ethiopia, North Carolina State Univ, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Princeton, Creighton University, Univ of Houston, Penn State, Univ of Delaware, NIST, University of Houston, University of Yamanashi, Department of Microelectronics and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD and Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, Walther-Meissner-Institut, TU Muenchen, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Forschungszentrum J\"ulich, D-52425 J\"ulich, Germany, Institute of Metal Physics, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia, University of Hamburg, Bryn Mawr College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Argonne National Laboratory and Tsinghua University, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, Physics Dept., University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA, Istituto de Strutura della Materia (CNR), Rome, Italy, Fritz-Haber-Institute, Germany, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Spain, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, Diamond Light Source, UK, Universitaet Zuerich, Switzerland, NTHU, National Institute of Materials Science, Japan, UCL, UK, KTH, Sweden, ISIS neutron source, UK, PSI, Switzerland, Cardiff University, UK, Université de Lyon, Cornell University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, University College Cork, SPINTEC, CEA-INAC/CNRS/Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA-LETI, IJL-CNRS/U. Lorraine, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CIC nanoGUNE, Rigetti Quantum Computing, RIST, Western Michigan University, Univ. of Michigan, Stanford Univ, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, Princeton Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, ISSP, Nanjing Univ., Nanyang Tech. Univ., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Nat. Tsing Hua Univ., Univ. of Central Florida, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich and JARA, Donostia International Physics Center, Beijing National Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL, Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Theoretical Physics and Station Q Zurich, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Structure of Materials Group, ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Quantum Matter Institute, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany, Nanyang Technical Univ, National Univ of Singapore, National Tsing Hua Univ, Research Centre National University of Singapore, MPI-CPfS, Dresden \& Univ. of St Andrews, UK, MPI-CPfS, Dresden, Univ. of St Andrews, UK, Univ. of St Andrews, UK \& Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, University of Tokyo and RIKEN CEMS, RIKEN CEMS, Osaka University and JST PRESTO, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics and Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facility, United Kingdom, Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, China and National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece, Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA, Physics Illinois, Joint Institute of UMich-SJTU, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing (MOE), Shanghai, China, Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Tokyo and ISSP, ISSP, State University of New York at Stony Brook, National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA, J\"ulich Supercomputing Centre, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich GmbH, D-52425 J\"ulich, Germany, Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Univ. of Tennessee, Columbia Univ., Postech, IBS and KAIST, Binghamton University, Cornell University, Code 6393, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC Madrid, Spain, Department of Computational and Data Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax VA, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M., Germany, SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Electronic Sci & Tech, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, Sandia National Labs-Livermore, Materials Physics Dept., University Of Illinois At Chicago, University of Rhode Island, Gunma U., JASRI SPring-8, Northeastern U., Kyoto U., Northeastern U. and AGH U. of Sc. and Tech., Northeastern Univ., Gunma Univ., J.A.S.R.I., Kyoto Univ., Northeastern Univ. and AGH U. of Sc. and Tech., Univ. Antwerpen, Ritsumeikan Univ., Q-Mat/CESAM/Universite Liege/Belgique, CRISMAT/CNRS/ENSICAEN, UMP/CNRS/THALES/Universite Orsay/France, UJF/CNRS/Universite de Loraine/Nancy/France, Department of Physics, Southeast University, DQMP, University of Geneva, LPS, Université Paris-Sud, Istituto dei Materiali, CNR-IOM and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, DQMP, University of Geneva and LPS, Université Paris-Sud, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Univalle, UF, Uniandes, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan, Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Japan, NIST Center for Neutron Research, NIST and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, NIST Center for Neutron Research, NIST, National Chiao Tung University, East China Normal University, University of Science and Technology Beijing, University of Wisconsin-- Madison, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Univeristy of California - San Diego, Michigan State Univ, RMIT University, Cfm, Cemes, Intevep, Tecnalia, Stone Ridge Technology, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Lehigh University, Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Department of Chemistry, University of PA, Dept. of Physics, Caltech, Dept. of Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA, Dept. of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, UMass Amherst, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, UMass Amherst, Department of Chemistry, UPenn, Department of Physics & Astronomy, UMass Amherst, Department of Physics, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Towson University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan, Deparment of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Microelectronics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Univ of Tokyo, RIKEN, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Université Paris-Sud, Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, SUTD, Nagoya univ., Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept. of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19014, Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Eisenforschung, University of Paderborn, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Solar Weaver GmbH, Yokohama National University, University of Tsukuba, Japan, ENS Paris, Aix Marseille Univ, Cavendish Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Department of Physics and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Dept. of Physics, UCSB, Dept. of Physics, CUHK, Electrical Engineering Dept., Princeton Univ, Material Dept., UCSB, Naval research Laboratory, The University of Oklahoma, Homer L. Dodge Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Departamento de F\'{\i}sica, Escuela Superior Polit\'ecnica del Litoral, ESPOL., Departamento de Qu\'imica e Ingenier\'ia Qu\'imica, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, USFQ., H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel, Temple University, Korea University, Universit{\'e} de Cergy-Pontoise, France, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, University of Innsbruck, Austria, CNRS Toulouse, Universit{\'e} Paul Sabatier, France, Beijing Normal Univ, Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China, Vienna University, CMP, University of Wisconsin, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA, Chonbuk National University, Soongsil University, National Academy of Sciences, Air Force Res. Lab. Wright–Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA, Institute of Solid State Physics and Chemistry, Uzhgorod National University, 88000 Uzhgorod, Ukraine, Dept. of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA, Dept. of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, Harvard Univ, University of Maryland - College Park, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Canterbury, Department of Physics, Yale University, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems - Dresden, William & Mary Coll, Politecnico di Milano, GRASP, University of Liege, Splash Lab, Utah State University, Brigham Young University, Univ de Grenoble, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA, School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China, LANL, INL, INL, UNLV, Purdue Univ, Syracuse University, Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Tradizionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Emato-Oncologia, ICREA at Institute for Bioengineering for Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Central Michigan University, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0826, Japan, Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, CHina, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Temple U., UPenn, Temple U.,Georgia Tech, Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Univ. Dusseldorf, ISI Foundation, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Technical University Darmstadt, Georgia Inst of Tech, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Physics Department, Virginia Tech, Network Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Cognitive Ethology Lab, German Primate Center, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Kyoto Univ, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, University of Cologne, University of Leeds, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, Department of Physics, Tsinghua Univ, Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Quantum Technology Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Laboratory of Physical Sciences, University of California and Google, Santa Barbara, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Joint Quantum Institute, Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Laboratory for Physical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Sweden, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, USA, JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Departamento de Fisica, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, University of Basel, IFSC/USP, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN CEMS, University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV-26505, USA, State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Physics, Penn State University, Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft Univ. Tech., Theoretical Physics, Saarland Univ., Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) and QuTech, Delft Univ. Tech., Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics,, University of Sherbrooke, Basque Foundation for Science, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, Stanford University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Hiroshima University, ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA 94720, US, Dept. of Phys., Pusan National U., Busan 609-735, Korea. Max Plank POSTECH Center for Complex Phase Materials, POSTECH, Korea., CMPMSD, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY 11973, US, CMPMSD, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY 11973, US and Shenyang National Lab. for Materials Science, Inst. of Metal Research, CAS, China., Condensed Matt. Phys. and Materials Science Dept, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY 11973, US, Dept. of Phys. & Astro, Rutgers U., Piscataway, NJ 08854, US., Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,, SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CASHIPS, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, National High Magnetic Field Lab, University of Tokyo and JST PRESTO, CMRC/PF, KEK, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Advanced Materials University of Kentucky, KY, Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Boston College, and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Center for Advanced Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kentucky, KY, Department of Physics, Florida State University, FL, Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland, Laboratory for Scientific Developments and Novel Materials, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, SLAC and Stanford University, Univ of Connecticut - Storrs, Politecnico di Milano, Itlay, ESRF, France, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, CNR/SPIN, BTU Cottbus, SMC-INFM, Harvard University, The University of California at Davis, University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, University of California, San diego, Fudan University, Shanghai, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai 200240, China, California State Univ., Fresno, Ca 93740, USA, California State Univ., Los Angeles, Ca 90032, USA, ISIS facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK, Univ. of California, Riverside, Ca 92521, USA, Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, MSTD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Maryland and NIST Center for Neutron Research, University of Tulsa, Univ of Edinburgh, US Naval Research Laboratory, George Mason University, Kurume Institute of Technology, Texas A\&M University, Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198 Japan., AIMR and Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, AIMR, Tohoku University, Meiji University, Tokyo University of Science, Department of physics and engineering physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, University of Wuerzburg, Germany, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Diamond Light Source, United Kingdom, Swiss Light Source, Switzerland, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, University of Arkansas, Tongji University, Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UIUC, Nanophotonics and Metamaterials Laboratory, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland, Institute of Exp. and Appl. Physics, Univ. of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany, Fakult\"at für Physik, LMU, 80539 M\"unchen, Germany, Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota, Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota; Ioffe Institute, St Petersburg, University of Alicante, University of Alicante and International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge National Lab and Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Inha Univ. Korea, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Univ of Colorado - Boulder and JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Uppsala University, OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Kansas State University, Cornell Univ, Institute of Physics, China, Univ., of Notre Dame, Renmin Univ., of China, Univ., of New Hampshire, BNL, Univ., of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Universty of Utah, Washington State University, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Carnegie Institution for Science, University of Oxford, Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Department of Physics, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Delaware, UC Berkeley and LBL, State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China, Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States, Physics Department at UC Berkeley, Physics Department at UC Berkeley and LBNL, Istituto di Struttura della Materia of the National Research Council and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Italy, Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA Saclay, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, University of California - Berkeley, Middle East Technical University, Bilkent University, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pku Univ, US Army Rsch Lab - Adelphi, US Army Research Lab - Aberdeen, Nagoya Univ., Department of Physics and IPAP, and Center for Computational Studies of Advanced Electronic Material Properties, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea, Georgia Tech University, UES Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Creatv Microtech, U. Texas, U. Houston, Kansas State U., East China Normal Univ, Washington University in Saint Louis, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, Dept. of Physics, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA, Physical Sciences Department, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA, University of California - Santa Barbara, Bell Laboratories, Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Delft Technical University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Laboratorium fur Festkorperphysik, ETH - Zurich, Dept. of Physics, Duke University and Army Aviation & Missile RD&E Center, Redstone Arsenal, Army Aviation & Missile RD&E Center, Redstone Arsenal, Georgia State Univ, USA, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Mississippi State University, University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, ICMS, Temple University, Philadelphia, AMOLF, The Netherlands, Renmin University, University of California at Northridge, Univ of California - Los Angeles, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University of Leiden / AMOLF, School of Physics and Technology and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, Argonne National Laboratoty, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Festk\"orperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Pennsylvania State Univ, SAGE Electrochromics, Stanford synchrotron radiation lightsource, Gyeongsang National University, Dongguk University, Univ British Columbia, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Univ de Louvain, Max-Planck-Institute, Northrop Grumman Systems Corp., Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium, The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Dept. of Physics, University of California Berkeley; Kavli NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA, Dept. of Physics, University of California Berkeley; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, CA, USA, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Dept. of Physics, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA, Univ Catholique de Louvain, CNRS and Grenoble-Alpes University, Univ of Texas, San Antonio, TIFR Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Univ of Houston - Clear Lake, Physics of Living Systems, MIT, Departments of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Applied Physics, and Physics, Yale University, Benjamin Levish Institute and the Department of Physics, The City College of New York, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Univ of Oregon, Department of Physics, Roger Williams University, Beijing University, Beijing University, University of Texas at Austin, University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sci (CAS) & Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, USA, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sci (CAS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Physikalisches Institut and Roentgen Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, University of California--Berkeley, Japan National Institute for Materials Science, National Institute for Material Science, Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China, Microsoft Research, The University of Hong Kong, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Germany, Nanjing University, China, Grenoble Alps University, Neel Institute, CNRS, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, QUANTIC team, INRIA de Paris; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Engineering Physics, Tulane University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, IBM Research - Zurich, Switzerland, Aix-Marseille Universit\'{e}, CNRS, IM2NP UMR7334, 13397 Marseille, France, SIMIT, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 200050, Department of Physics and NHMFL, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA, KIT, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe, Germany, CNR-Instituto Nanoscienze, Modena, Italy, NHMFL and FSU Physics, Tallahassee, FL, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, FL 32306, Physics Dept. Florida State University / National High Magnetic Field Lab, Chemistry Dept, Fu Jen Catholic University, A. Mickiewicz University, Poland, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Princeton University, New Jersey, The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia, Aix-Marseille Universit\'{e}, CNRS, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, Boston College, Link\"{o}ping University, Sweden, chad@rigetti.com, Rigetti Computing, Rigetti Comptuing, Google, Santa Barbara, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Google and University of California, CNRS-LAAS, Center for Quantum Devices and Station Q Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Tokyo Institute of Technology, TIES, Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland, Dept. of Physics, Tokyo Tech.; TIES, Tokyo Tech.; CREST, JST., Sophia University, AdSM, Hiroshima University, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China, Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA, Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials, Rutgers University, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China, Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory for Scientific Developments and Novel Materials, Paul Scherrer Institut, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, University of Kyoto, Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan, ORNL, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, NHMFL, Tallahassee, Florida, HFML, Radboud Uni., Nijmegen, The Netherlands, BUTE, Budapest, Hungary, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, USA, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA, Chungbuk National University, Korea, Peking University, China, Dept. of Basic science, the University of Tokyo, IFP, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rutgers University, and Pohang University of Science and Technology, University of North Florida, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, and MURR, Peking Univ, Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, Universit Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA, Dep. Physics, Tohoku Univ., Dep. Basic Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Kent State Univ., California State Univ. Fresno, Univ. of California - San Diego, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China, Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Japan, Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan, Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Japan, Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Ames Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, ISU, Dept. of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, ICQM, School of Physics, Peking University, Collège de France, IPhT, CEA, CPHT, École Polytechnique, Nihon University, Mitsubishi Elec Res Lab, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., King's College London, Univ of California- Riverside, University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan, Dept. of Physics, Georgetown University, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, HISKP, University of Bonn, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Phys. \& Natl. High Magnetic Field Lab., Florida State Univ., Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan., Cavendish Lab., Cambridge, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Karlsruhe, Los Alamos National Labs., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Center for Hierarchical Material Design, Northwestern University, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Rep of For, Chungnam University, Rep of Kor, Seoul National University, Rep of Kor, Korea University, Rep. of Kor, University of Science and Technology, Rep of Kor, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science, Brookhaven National Lab, University of Wisconsin Madison, Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Dept of Cell & Developemnt Biology, Jerusalem, Israel, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Dept Of Applied Physics, Jerusalem, Israel, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, FORTH/ECI-HT, Patras, Greece, Department of Physics, Stanford University, CA, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, CA, USA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Waterloo, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Eisenforschung GmbH, Duesseldorf, Germany, Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany, JILA - Univ of Colorado, Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, University of Tübingen, Lund Univ/Lund Inst of Tech, Department of Physics, University of California Riverside, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, Rice University, Houston, TX, CINAP, IBS, DOES,SKKU., Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Univ of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Baylor Univeristy, Univ of Tennessee, Hunter college, CUNY, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universität Berlin, Baylor Univ, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, CNMS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, CNMS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, CNMS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Xiamen University, Massachuusetts Institute of Technology, University of Hong Kong, Air Force Research Lab, Space Vehicles Division, USA, Hunter College, CUNY, Southeast University, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Division of Material Science & Engineering, Boston University, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Electro-Optics Program and Department of Physics , University of Dayton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Electro-Optics Program, University of Dayton, Univ of Utah, Purdue University, Indiana, US, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway, Components Research, Intel Corporation, 2501 NW 229th Ave, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA, QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, Purdue University, USA, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Qutech, TU Delft, The Netherlands, Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, $^{*}$University of Wisconsin-Madison, $^{\dagger}$Delft University of Technology, $^{\ddagger}$Intel Corp., University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFRJ, Saint John's University, Los Alamos National Lab, U. of Michigan, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab,, Department of Physics, Kyoto University, RIKEN, CEMS, Riken, Univ of Tokyo-Kashiwanoha, Los Alamos Nat'l Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Nat'l Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USA, Rice University, USA, Zhejiang University, China, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, Univ of California - Davis, HPCAT, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institute of Washington, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, Harvard university, AMOLF, Texas Tech University, Dept of Physics, UPenn, Dept of Physics, Syracuse University, Department of Applied Science, College of William and Mary, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Missouri State University, Springfield, USA, Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Gettysburg College, Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot, Israel 76100, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA, Department of Physics, Gettysburg College, Gettsyburg, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi- 110067, India., Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India., 2 Dept of Biol \& Environ Eng, Cornell Univ, 1 Dept of Biomed Sci, Cornell Univ, 1, 2, Georgia Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Univ of California - Berkeley; LBNL, Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science; Massey University, Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, University of Liège, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Department of Physics, Fudan University, School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Procter & Gamble, AGH University of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University- Florida State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA, Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science,School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092,Shanghai, China, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of North Texas, Dept. of Physics, Central Michigan University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, University of Missouri - Columbia, Tianjin University, Deparment of Condensed Matter Theory, UPV-EHU, Leioa, Spain, Center of Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, University of Bordeaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Université Montpellier 2, Lamar University, Colorado Sch of Mines, Lead Data Scientist, Charity Navigator, 139 Harristown Rd \#101, Glen Rock, NJ 07452, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;, CNRS and ENS, ENS, Institute for Advanced Study, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, University of Fribourg, Northern Illinois University, University of Toulouse, Army Research Development and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, The Dow Chemical Company, University of North Texas, Denton TX, Central Michigan University, MI,, Central Michigan University, MI, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil, Center of General Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Sophia University, Japan, Harvard University, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Laboratory for Physical Science, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, University of Souther California, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Labs, National Institute for Materials Sceince, Julich Center for Neutron Science, Physics, University of California, San Diego, Physics, Fudan University, China, Cal State LA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Los Angeles,90032, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena-USP, University of São Paulo, University of California at Irvine, Univ Sao Paulo, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers University, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Fudan Univ., Low Temperature Physics and Superconductivity Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Geothe University Frankfurt, Germany, Brookhaven National National Laboratory, Canadian Neutron Beam Centre, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Institute for Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Sstanford University, North Carolina A&T State University, Department of Physics,National Sun Yat-sen University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, West Chester University, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany, Western Digital, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China, Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States, Fert Beijing research institute, School of electronic and information engineering, BDBC, Beihang University, Beijing, China, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Cientıfica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San Jose, University of California, San Diego,, Universite de sherbrooke, Belarus Academy of Sciences, US Naval Academy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Physics, University of Texas, KU Leuven, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, UIUC, KITP, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University and KITP, Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, ICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del CNR, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, VLC Photonics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and MIT Lincoln Laboratory, TU Wien, China Aademy of Engineering Physics, Ethiopian Academy of Sciences, Florida International University, Bradley University, University of St. Thomas, American Association of Physics Teachers, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Department of Mathematics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, R. O. C., Universidade Federal Fluminense, Universidad Federico Santa Maria, Department of physics, Korea Univ, Department Of Physics Univ of Houston - Clear Lake, The university of Tokyo, School of Engineering, Department of Chemical System Engineering, Dept. of Physics, Kumamoto University, CACS, Depts. of Physics & Astronomy, Computer Science, and Chemical Engg. & Material Science, USC, CACS, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, USC, Tongji Univ, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran, Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Transylvania Univ, University of Michigan, Istanbul University, University of Huston, Universität Bayreuth, Germany, University of Strasbourg, France, Univ of New Orleans, Hitachi ltd., Hitachi High-Technologies, University of Texas Austin, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, University of Michigan, Dearborn, 300 Below Inc., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Millikin University, Center for Entrepreneurship, Millikin University, Millikin University, Rochester Inst of Tech, 300 Below, Inc., City Colleges of Chicago, Ithaca College, Cleveland State University, Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, Hartnell Comm Coll, Johns Hopkins Univ, University of Michigan, Duke University, University of Maryland, National Institute of Standards and Technology, JARA-Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universitaet Regensburg, Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics, Frankfurt (Oder), Institut quantique and D\'epartement de physique, Universit\'e de Sherbrooke \& Candian Institut for Advanced Research, CIFAR, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Institut quantique and D\'epartement de physique, Universit\'e de Sherbrooke, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305, INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Physics Department and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Department of Applied Physics and Department of Physics, Yale University, Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Univ of California - Irvine, CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, F-38000 Grenoble, France, Ludwig Max Univ Muenchen, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, The University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, IBM Almaden Res Ctr, Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University and INRIA Paris Rocquencourt, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Dept. of Physics, National Taiwan University, CCMS, National Taiwan University, IAMS, Academia Sinica, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin,, Department of Materials science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University,, Missouri State Univ, Dept of Mat. Sci. and Engr., Univ of Wisconsin, Univ of Wisconsin, University of Konstanz, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Univ of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Department of Physics, Boston College, USA, Univ., of Li\`{e}ge, Univ., Grenoble Alpes - CNRS, Univ., Federal de Sao Carlos, Peter Gruenberg Institut, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, ETH, Switzerland, EPFL, Switzerland, University of Dallas, CD-FMat, AIST, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA, Drexel University, PA, USA, Vanderbilt University,TN, USA, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA, Battery Innovation Center, Newberry, Indiana, USA, School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, USA, Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, Science Technology Center Reactivelectron of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 83049 Donetsk, Ukraine, Shangdong University, ISIR, Osaka Univ., NIMS, MI2I, NIMS, MI2I, U. of Waterloo, Tulane U., NC State, Idaho National Laboratory, Ohio Univ. / Argonne National Lab., CEMES, CNRS, Toulouse, Ohio Univ., Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universitaet Marburg, Benedict College, MPI-CPfS, ILL, Grenoble, Duke University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science & Oak Ridge National Laboratory Materials Science and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory - Advanced Light Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Materials Science and Technology Division, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, University of Science and Technology of China, Dongguk University-Seoul, Hubei University, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, AL 35487-0324, University of Oviedo and CINN, IMDEA Nanoscience, University of Oviedo, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, Physical Institute, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, Univ of California-Santa Cruz, National Institute of Materials Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, City College of CUNY, Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius LT-01108, Lithuania, 3rd Physics Institute, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, GT-Lorraine; UMI 2958, Institut Nel, CNRS-Universit Grenoble Alpes; Georgia Tech, Institut Nel, CNRS-Universit Grenoble Alpes, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Clemson Univ, Istutito Italiano di Tecnologia, Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, USA, MPI Dresden, Centre de nanoscience et nanotechnologie, Marcoussis, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, ENS Paris, CNRS, City College of the City University of New York, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, NIST - Natl Inst of Stds \& Tech, University of California - San Diego, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC, New York University, Florida State University/National High Magnetic Field Lab, Chalk River Laboratories, NHMFL, FSU, NHMFL, LANL, LANL/NHMFL, NHMFL/FSU, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago and Physics, University College London, BSS, Cavendish Lab, University of Cambridge, UK, Physics of Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, ULB, Belgium, Department of Physics; Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, UK, NIST and Delaware U., Indiana U. and NIST, IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Inst for Advanced Study; Rockefeller University, Martin A School of Physics, Brandeis Unv, Levich Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, CCNY, James Franck Institute and University of Chicago, Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd., Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Ulm University, University of Leeds Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Washington Atmospheric Sciences, Oklahoma University Medicine, Kyushu Univ, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Univ of Florida, CEA-INAC-SPrAM, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos, Singapore, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, University of Maribor, and Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia, University of Warsaw, Poland, U. Colorado Boulder, University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, Sensengasse 8/12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, J. Heyrovsk\'{y} Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolej\v{s}kova 3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Hitachi, Ltd., Murdoch University, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Zeiss, KIT, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Machine Learning Group, Technische Universit\"{a}t Berlin, ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Department of Physics, School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, School of Physics, University of Sydney. Engineered Quantum Systems, ARC Centre of Excellence., National Research Council Canada, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, UNSW Australia, University of Sherbrooke/Sandia National Labs, University of New Mexico/Sandia National Labs, Quantum Circuits, Inc., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA, University of Birmingham, UK, National Sun Yatsen University, Taiwan, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Oberlin College, Univ of Delaware, Khalifa University of Science, UAE, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, NCSR Demokritos, Greece, APS, Argonne National Lab, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, University Of Winnipeg, IQM, JHU; NCNR, NIST, NCNR, NIST, IQM and Dept of Chemistry, JHU, IQM, JHU, University of California Santa Cruz, Brockhouse Institute for materials research, Neutron center for Neutron research (NIST), Universite de Sherbrooke, Neutron Scattering and Magnetism, Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Ohio University / CNM, Argonne National Lab, Electronic Microscopy Center, Argonne National Lab, CNM, Argonne National Lab, Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), Argonne National Lab, Inria Paris and Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, Google and University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Microelectronics and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA, State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, City College of New York, Dept. of Physics, ETH Zurich, Brookhaven National Lab., Department of Quantum Matter, University of Geneva, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, The Johns Hopkins University, USA, L2C-CNRS, Montpellier, France, CEITEC, Brno, Czech Republic, LPS-CNRS, Orsay, France, University of Geneva, Switzerland, LNCMI-CNRS, Grenoble, France, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, The Johns Hopkins University, Universit\'{e} Montpellier, Masaryk University, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, IOP CAS, Univ of Tokyo, RIKEN CEMS, Chuo University, Chungbuk National Univerity, IBS, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), University of Kentucky, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, RASEI, University of Colorado, Boulder, Swiss Light Source, Paul Sherrer Institut, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Computational Science Research Center, Soochow Univ, Univ of Oxford, MIT;Federal Univ.Viçosa,Brazil, Giresun Univ., Turkey, MIT;JSPS,Japan;Tokyo Tech,Japan, Oak ridge National Lab, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Brazil, MIT, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Brazil, Technion University, Intel Corporation, Institute für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISSP, Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo Univ. Sci., Dep. Physics, Univ. Illinois, Max Plank POSTECH center for Complex Phase Materials, IBS-CCES, Seoul National University, Quantum Matter Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, HISKP, University of Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, Centre de Physique Th\'eorique, \'Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, University of Bristol, Ames Laboratory/Iowa State University, USA, Institute of Physics, CAS, China, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University,, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA., Ames Laboratory US DOE, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France, Universidad Aut\'{o}noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames, USA, Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, University of Bath, St. Andrews University, Ohio University/Argonne National Lab, J. Stefan Inst., SLovenia, University of Cambridge, UK, University of Sheffield, UK, University College London (UCL), UK, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Univ of Florida - Gainesville, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of G\"ottingen, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Universit\'{e} Paris-Sud, Universit\'{e} Paris Saclay, The Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo, RIKEN CEMS, RIKEN, RIKEN AICS, Tel Aviv University, Israel, University College Dublin, National University of Singapre, Stanford Univ. & SLAC Nat. Acc. Lab., Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST / Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Portugal, IBM Almaden Research Center, Ewha Womans University, South Korea, University of Tennessee- Knoxville, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, George Washington University, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'Information, CNRS, Central South University, KAUST, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Department of Physics, SKKU, Suwon 16419, Korea, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 10087, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Savannah River National Laboratory, Ural Federal University, Hanyang University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Department of Physics, Temple University, Rice University \& Peking University, Max-Planck-Inst f\"ur Eisenforschung, Univ of Manchester, USF, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Vienna Biocenter, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Universitat Regensburg, Technische Universitat Munchen, Department of Physics, Keio University, Japan, University of Nevada, Reno, The Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Japan, Cryogenic Research Center, University of Tokyo, Japan, Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Japan, Korea Adv Inst of Sci & Tech, Wayne State Univ, National High Field Magnetic Laboratory and University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, Imperial College, London, UK, Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv., Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem., AMOLF and Leiden University, Leiden University and AMOLF, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Institute of Materials Strucutre Science, KEK, Japan, Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Institut f\"ur Mathematik, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, NY & US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, The University of Florida, Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, Mount Holyoke College, Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, BASF SE, GMV/T – J542S, 67056, Germany, The University of Vermont, Angstrom Sun Technologies Inc., Washington State Universtiy, Google Brain, Fraunhofer ITWM Kaiserslautern, Germany, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Goettingen, Germany, University of Califorina, Irvine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), U of Washington, Ludwig-Maximillians University Munich, MPI PKS Dresden, Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, center for theoretical biological physics, Rice university, Houston, TX 77005, Physics & Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1040, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1040, Univ Politecnica de Catalunya, AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Louisiana Tech University, Grambling State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, USA, Hitachi,Ltd., ARC CoE Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Univ, South Dakota State University, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, SISSA and ICTP Trieste, Italy, Kyokugen, Osaka University, Japan, ISTM-CNR, Universit\`{a} Milano, Italy, University of the Fraser Valley, Dept. of Mech. Eng. and Mat. Science, Duke University, Dept. of NanoEng., UCSD, Dept. of Mat. Science and Eng., NCSU, Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Department of Physics and Vitreous State Laboratory, The Catholic University of America, Hosei University, Muhlenberg College, NIST - Gaithersburg, Tsinghua Univ, University of Michigan, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Fuzhou University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TU Dortmund University, Quantum condensed matter division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, Univ. Kaiserslautern, Germany, Augsburg University, Germany, MPI CPfS, Dresden, EPFL, Lausanne, NICPB, Tallinn, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Germany, Julich Centre for Neutron Science, Garching, Germany, Ghent University, Belgium, Oxford University, UK, NHMFL, Tallahassee, Institut National des Sciences Appliqués, Toulouse, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Crete, University of Alabama, Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, HP, India, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, UC Santa Barbara and Google Quantum Hardware, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Stanford Univ - Ginzton Lab, Princeton U., National U. of Singapore, National Tsing Hua U, U. of Zurich, Switzerland, Singapore U. of Tec. and Design, National Sun Yat-Sen U., Natl Univ of Singapore, Singapore Univ of Technology and Design, Natl Sun Yat-Sen Uni, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan, University of Hyogo, Japan, RIKEN, Japan, ISSP, University of Tokyo, Japan, Rutgers University, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Rutgers University, Italian Institute of Technology, RIKEN, Center for Emergent Matter Science, Japan, HFML, Radboud Uni., Nijmegen, Netherlands, NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary, Natl Inst of Chem Phy & Bio, Tallinn, Estonia, Semiconductor Physics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, University of Buffalo, Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, VA and Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, City Univ of Hong Kong, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, IMM-CNR, Agrate Brianza Unit, Via Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Augsburg University, Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA, Natl High Magnetic Field Lab and Florida State University, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Shangai Jiao Tong University, Niels Bohr Inst, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA, Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany, IFW, IFF, Dresden, Germany, Xiamen University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Xiamen University, Deptartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, NBI, U. Copenhagen, Denmark, Dept. of Physics, U. Florida, USA, Dept. of Phys. and Astr., UBC, Canada, MPI-FKF, Stuttgart, Germany, SUPA, U. St. Andrews, UK, Dept. of Phys. and Astr., Shanghai Jiao Tong U., China, CNMS, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., USA, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia (PA), USA, Physics Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (IL), USA, Physics Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia (PA), USA, Phys. Faculty, Moscow State University; Inst. of Experimental Minerology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Phys. Faculty, Moscow State University; Inst. of Phys. and Tech., Ural Federal University; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Russia, University of Massachusetts, Smith College, Department of Physics, Boston University, Department of Theoretical Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science,, Univ of Maryland, San Francisco State University, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Weizmann Institute, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Univ of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Department of Physics , Univ of Texas at Austin, Trent University, Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Marcoussis, FRANCE, Univ Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC / ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University / CNRS, Paris, FRANCE, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Canadian Light Source, Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln,Department of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Jeffrey Neaton Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab; UC-Berkeley; Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology R&D Center, University of Milano Bicocca, Harvard University, Physics Department, Harvard University, Chemistry and Physics Department, Harvard University, Chemistry Department, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Institute Rudjer Boskovic, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA., University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Columbia University Physics Department, The University of Tokyo and RIKEN, TU and NIST, Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany., Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Pusan National Univ, Univ of Ulsan, University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Univ. of Vienna (Austria), Vienna Univ. of Technology (Austria), Yanshan Univ. (China), Physics Department E.R. Caianiello, University of Salerno, IT, Physics Department, Sapienza University, Rome, IT, CNR-ISM, Rome, IT, CNR-IS, U.O.S. di Tor Vergata, Rome, IT; LNF, INFN, Rome, IT, MPIPKS Dresden, Tampere University of Technology, Inchoen National University, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Incheon Natl Univ, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, University of Ontario Institute of Technology \& National Research Council of Canada, Cambridge University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN and University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, QCMD, ORNL, TN, MSTD, ORNL, TN - UTK, TN, NHMFL-FSU, MSTD, ORNL, TN, QCMD, ORNL, TN - UTK, TN, Department of Physics, POSTECH, Korea, NHMFL/LANL, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA, Advanced Light Source, E.O. LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA, Dept. of Physics, University of British Columbia,Vancouver, Canada, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Simon Fraser University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin f\"{u}r Materialien und Energie, NCNR, ISSP, Japan, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, ESPCI PSL Research University, Johns Hopkins University, Northwestern University, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, UK, Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, Wesleyan University, PMMH-ESPCI, PARISTECH, CNRS et Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Gulliver UMR 7083 ESPCI, PMMH, UMR7636 ESPCI, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Dept. of Physics, Georgetown University \& Harvey Mudd College, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, Northwestern University, the University of Tokyo, RIKEN, Department of applied chemistry, Waseda University, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NIST/Indiana University, Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd., NIST NCNR, Clemson University, FU Berlin, Newcastle University, The University of Delaware, City University of New York, Hunter College, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, MEMS Department, Duke University, Dept. of Mathematics, Duke Univ., Dept. of Mathematics, UC Berkeley, Dept. of Materials, Imperial College London, MEMS Dept., Duke Univ., IBM, Institute of Science and Technoloy Austria, Rockefeller University, University of Northern Iowa, UC Merced, Harvard Medical School, CNRS, Grenoble, France, University of L'Aquila, Italy, Harvard University; University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; University of California, Berkeley, University of Colorado, USA, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, China, Temple University, USA, Jilin University, China, Intermolecular Inc., Exabyte Inc., University of Ontario, Institute of Technology, National Research Council of Canada, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogota, QuICS, University of Maryland, NTT, Northrop Grumman - Baltimore, Google, Venice, Google Quantum A.I. Lab, UC - Santa Barbara, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Research Laboratory for Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Research Laboratory for Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NASA Ames, Universita di Parma, UPV/EHU & IKERBASQUE, Universidade do Porto, UPV/EHU, Dept. of Physics, National Tsing Hua Univ., Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Applied Physics and Dept. of Physics, National Taiwan Univ., Taiwan, S.U.N.Y.-Oswego, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Deapartment of Physics, Boston University, Chinese academy of science, Laboratoire National des Champs Magn\'{e}tiques Intenses, France, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, IA, USA, IBM TJ Watson Research Center, UC Irvine, University of Minnesota, CEMS, University of Denver, Technical University Dresden, Walther-Meissner Institute, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, QISP CIFAR, Institut quantique, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, Sandia National Laboratories, University of New-Mexico, Sandia National Laboratories, Universit\'{e} de Sherbrooke, The University of Sydney, Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Australia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Birck Nanotechnology Center, and Station Q Purdue, Purdue University, USA, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA, Sandia National Laboratories, USA, Dept. of Appl. Phys. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Chem. & Envir. Eng. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci., Chem. & Envir. Eng., and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Dept. of Phys. and CRISP, Yale Univ., Materials Science, Electrical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton TX, USA, Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, The City College of New York, CUNY, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 USA, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, USCD, Unite Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales and Universite Paris-Sud, 91767 Palaiseau, France, ICMOL, Universitat de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain, Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100, Royal Holloway, Univ of London, Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Computer Science and Mathematics Division and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Insitutute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Exp. Physics VI, U. Augsburg, Germany, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich, Germany, Indian Inst. of Technology, Kanpur, India, NRL, Washington, DC, USA, Unite Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales, France, Universite Paris Sud, France, CEA, DEN, France, California Instititute of Technology, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, Theoretical Materials Physics, University of Liège, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands, University College London, London Centre for Nanotechnology, UK, CNR-IOM UOS Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km.0,700, Monserrato (Ca) 09042, Italy, Radboud Univ Nijmegen, cornell, twente, Max Planck Inst, michigan, Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Aivon Oy, Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre, Finland, Lancaster University, UK, Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Instituto de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Department of Physics and Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, and NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Italy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and School of Materials Engineering, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, Cardiff University, Carnegie Geophysical Lab, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, LLNL, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, Detches Electronen-Synchrotron, European XFEL, Univ of Oslo, Pusan National University, Pusan, Jilin University, Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Tokyo Electron Ltd., Department of Physics and Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, South China University of Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology; Institut N\'{e}el, Universit\'{e} Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, Institut N\'{e}el, Universit\'{e} Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, Georgia Institute of Technology; Charles University, Institute for Physical Research, National Academy of Sciences, Ashtarak 0203, Armenia, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Japan, Forschungszentrum Juelich and JARA, Germany, University of Tokyo, Japan, Ecole Polytechnique, France, Technical University of Vienna, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, National Center of Theoretical Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Station Q Purdue, Purdue University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics and Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA, Zhejiang Univ, University of New Mexico, Univ. of Tennessee Knoxville and ORNL, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, Universita di Messina, UOS di Messina, Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, National Chung Hsing University, Berkeley Lab, ., Kent State universeity, University of Maribor, Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia, Slippery Rock Univ, Brandeis Univ, Technische Universität München, Max Planck Institute (MPIDS) and Nottingham Trent University, Max Planck Institute (MPIDS), Physics department, University of Santiago., Saarland U, MPI Gottingen, MPI Göttingen, Saarland U, NJIT, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Yale University, Department of Physics and Benjamin Levich Institute, The City College of the City, University of New York, LMU Munich, Technical University Munich, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, University of Maryland--College Park, Merck Chemicals Ltd., The Pennsylvania State Univeristy, TU Muenchen, Munich School of Engineering, Germany, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany, TU Muenchen, Physik-Department, LS Funktionelle Materialien, Germany, IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, UNIST, South Korea, Stanford university, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitaet, Munich, Technische Universität Dresden, Technische Universität Dortmund, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Condensed matter theory center, University of Maryland, Cal. State, Northridge, ETH Zurich, Swiss National Supercomputing Center, Swiss National Supercomputing Center, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, CACS, Depts. of Physics & Astronomy, Computer Science, and Chemical Engg. and Material Science, USC, CACS, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Cray, RPI, Dalhousie Univ, Third Institute of Physics - Georg August University, Goettingen, The University of Aberdeen, Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Experimentelle Physik II, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Germany, Physik-Institut, Universitaet Zuerich, Switzerland, Inst. for Theor. Physics III, Ruhr University Bochum, Deparment of Physics and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Steacie Institute for Molecular Science, National Research Council of Canada, Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden, Spallation Neutron Source , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 P3H, United Kingdom, Graz Univ of Technology, CSU Northridge, Department of Chemistry, Northridge, CA 91330, USA, Beijing CSCR, Beijing 100193, China, Univ. Vienna, Faculty of Physics, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, UC Santa Barbara, Dept. of Earth Science, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, UC Santa Barbara, Dept. Earth Science, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, Univ. Houston, Dept. Chemistry, Houston, TX 77204 USA., Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Key Lab Mat Phys, Hefei 230031, China, Linköping University, Mat. Sci., Elec. Eng., Phy. & Chem., Duke University, Eng. & Appl. Sci., Harvard University, Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci., Yale University, Mech. Eng. & Mat. Sci., Duke University, Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Institute for Quantum Computing, Univ of Innsbruck, UMass Boston, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), University of Bern, Durham University, Eastern Washington University, HLD-EMFL, NHMFL, Los Alamos, Warwick University, National Chengchi University, Dept. of Physics, Fudan Univ., Univ of Texas - Dallas, Univ. of Tennessee; ORNL, Max-Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max-Planck Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210., College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China., Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China., Department of Physics, Faculty of science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 88186-34141, Iran, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Univ of Calgary, Universitaet Wuerzburg, Universität Würzburg (Germany), Ames Laboratory, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, Ames Laboratory, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Nanjing University (China), Universit\'{e} Paris-Saclay, France, Ecol\'{e} Polytechnique, France, City College of New York - CUNY, University of Tokyo, RIKEN Center for emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN Center for emergent Matter Science (CEMS), the University of Tokyo, School of physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory/Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory/ Department of Physics, Florida State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Trinity College, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, U Tennessee, Knoxville, U Chicago, OIST, Leibniz Inst. SSMR, MPI-CPS, Gakushuin Univ, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University. Columbus OH 43210, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University. Columbus OH 43210, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Univ of California - Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Oak Ridge National Lab and Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, ISIS Facility, RAL, DGIST, Max Plank POSTECH, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, Chalmers University of Technology, Yale University Applied Physics, ESPCI Paris, Universität zu Köln, Université Paris Didérot, ESPCI Paris & Universität zu Köln, NTT Basic Research Labs, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, IBM Korea, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, SSRL, SLAC National Laboratory, SIMES, SLAC National Laboratory, SLAC National Laboratory, Department de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique F ́ed ́erale de Lausanne, Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Départment de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York 11973, USA, SUNY, Albany, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, Universit\'{e} de Gen\`{e}ve, CH-1211 Gen\`{e}ve 4, Switzerland, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Weizmann Inst, State Univ of NY - Buffalo, Institute of Materials Structure Science, Ibaraki University, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA,USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ, Applied Superconductivity Center, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, IFW-Dresden, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, SUNY at Buffalo, Laboratoire de Physique Theorique, Ecole Normale Superieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universites, College of William and Mary, Univ. of Pittsburgh, United States Naval Research Laboratory, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, UC Merced, CA, Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Stanford University, Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Univeristy of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Bern, Switzerland, Chuo University, Japan, Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and Ikerbasque, Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PUC-RJ, Brazil, Unicamp, Brazil, Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Brazil, Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Brazil, INMETRO, Brazil, Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain, Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU, Denmark, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA, Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials (NANOSAM), Jagiellonian Univ., Krakow, Poland, DIPC and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain, Lorentz Institute, Leiden University, California State University, Los Angeles, Hunan University, Bochum University, Washington Univ, Bloomberg L.P., Technische Universit\"at Chemnitz, Loughborough Univ, STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab. UK, Kent State Univ - Kent, OH, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, School of Physics, Beihang University, Stony Brook University and Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source, Ames Laboratory, US DOE, Ames Laboratory of US Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE Scotland, United Kingdom, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea, Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program \& Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State Univ, Kent Ohio, Physics Department, Kent State University, CPIP \& LCI, ETH Zurich, California Institute of Technology, University of Bologna, University of Science and Tech of China, Department of Physics and Benjamin Levich Institute, The City College of the City University of New York, Department of Mathematics and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA., Department of Physics, Walter Schottky Institute, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich; Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Zurich, Department of Physics, Harvard University; ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Superior School of Technology, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco, Laboratory of Engineering Sciences,Polydisciplinary Faculty,Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco, ICCAS, Imperial College London, Thomas Young Centre, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, Fiber and Polymer Science, College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, Keio Univ., AIST, J-Parc, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Center of Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, IUPUI, Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Biomedical Eng., IUPUI, Stony Brook Univ.,, Universit\'e Paris Diderot, University of Hong Kong, University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Stanford University, California, Insitute of Medical Biology, Singapore; Stanford University, California, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK, Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, Dept of Phys, Natl Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Middle Tennessee State University