Vortex lattices with multiple fluxes per unit cell in fast rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

A recently proposed wave function of vortex lattice, named as von Neumann lattice [1], is applied to examine the phases of vortex lattices in fast rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. The von Neumann lattice is a general vortex-lattice configuration which not only contains the Abrikosov lattice as a special case, but also bubble crystals [2] predicted numerically in the system. We applied von Neumann lattices to reexamine the vortex-lattice phases in fast rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. We find that vortex lattices with multiple fluxes per unit cell can be energetically stable inside the unstable regime predicted by vortex lattices with a single flux per unit cell [3].

[1] Szu-Cheng Cheng and Shih-Da Jheng, Sci. Rep. 6, 31801 (2016).
[2] N. R. Cooper, E. H. Rezayi and S. H. Simon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 200402 (2005).
[3] J. Zhang and H. Zhai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 200403 (2005).