Robust spectra of different pair density wave states

Pair density wave states have been in the central stage of high-Tc cuprate since its direct observation[1]. The nodal pair density wave(nPDW) state first proposed by Tu and Lee[2] comes from the anti-phase charge density wave state but with a non-zero constant pairing, which is generated from its (quasi-)incommesurate nature. This accords with previous experimental data[3] that within the superconducting dome, the modulations of Cu-O surface observed are incommensurate. The concept of discommensuration[4] can be also seen from STM experiment[5]. Here we show that within the strong correlation regime, it is possible to obtain all above states with similar energies. Some of their robust properties such as the particle-hole asymmetry in the anti-nodal region and the two-gap spectra, which are measured by ARPES, imply the fact that they are of the same genre. However, physical traits in detail can be different, relating to various experimental detections along with the change of parameters such as temperature, doping, etc.
References:
1.M. H. Hamidian et al., Nature 532, 343-347(2016)
2.W. L. Tu & T. K. Lee, SciRep. 6, 18675(2016)
3.M. H. Hamidian et al., NaturePhys. 12, 150(2015)
4.W. L. McMillan, Phys. Rev. B 14, 1469-1502(1976)
5.A. Mesaros et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 113, 12661(2016)