Unusual Coulomb excitations in tri-layer ABC-stacked graphene

The layer-based random-phase approximation is further developed to investigate electronic excitations in tri-layer ABC-stacked graphene. All the layer-dependent atomic interactions and Coulomb interactions are included in the dynamic charge screening. There exist rich and unique (momentum, frequency)-excitation phase diagrams, in which the complex single-particle excitations and five kinds of plasmon modes, are dominated by the unusual energy bands and doping carrier densities. The latter frequently experience the significant Landau damping due to the former, leading to the coexistence/destruction in the energy loss spectra. Specifically, the only acoustic plasmon in pristine case is dramatically changed into an optical mode even at very low doping.