Dynamics of the Meissner effect

When a metal in a magnetic field becomes superconducting, the magnetic field is expelled from its interior. A Faraday electric field exists during this process that opposes the flux expulsion (Lenz's law). Yet, both electrons and ions acquire angular momentum in direction opposite to that dictated by the Faraday field. The process is reversible under ideal conditions. The dynamics of this process has not been explained within the conventional theory of superconductivity. I argue that this is because the conventional theory cannot explain this process. I explain the dynamics of the Meissner effect using physics that is not contained in the conventional theory, namely: (i) superconductors expel negative charge [1], and (ii) the normal state charge carriers are holes [2],[3].

[1] J. E. Hirsch, "Charge expulsion and electric field in superconductors", Phys.Rev. B 68, 184502 (2003).
[2] J. E. Hirsch, "Hole superconductivity", Phys. Lett. A 134}, 451 1989.
[3] J. E. Hirsch, "Why only hole conductors can be superconductors", Proc. SPIE 10105, Oxide-based Materials and Devices VIII, 101051V (March 7, 2017, doi: 10.1117/12.2269644).