Spooky Action at a Distance is Not Spooky-It Is Knowledge: Combining Entanglement And Negative Observation To Show How The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Experiment Works, Not Just How It Doesn’t Work

EPR considered positive measurement (where there is a physical interaction between the measuring device and the particle measured). EPR did not consider that knowledge is responsible for the effect of one of the entangled particles on the other entangled particle. If they had considered negative measurement (where there is no physical interaction between a measuring device and the particle measured), they would have deduced that knowledge is responsible for the effect of a negative measurement on one particle on the other particle. They would have seen that knowledge is also responsible in the case of positive measurements, that the essence of a positive measurement is that it supplies information just as negative measurements do. A sample experiment has been presented to show how the above points work in practice. Implications for the relationship between knowledge and reality are presented. The term “reality” is substituted for “physical reality” since physical reality is not independent of knowledge.