Strong Multimodal Coupling in 2D Material based NEMS Resonator

Cooling macroscopic objects to their ground state is a long-standing goal for studying quantum mechanics in them. Cooling macroscopic objects require strong coupling to the surrounding environment. A Strong coupling ensures efficient energy exchange between the system and the surrounding. To cool an object to the ground state, the surrounding temperature should be low enough and the frequency of system oscillation high. That is why laser cooling of atoms and molecules are easier as compared to the macroscopic objects such as nano/micro electro mechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS). NEMS resonators are cooled close to the quantum regime by coupling the resonator to the high frequency microwave or optical cavity. In this way, two systems coupled to each other are required, one with the low frequency and another with high frequency. Here in the present work, we engineer a single resonator made of two-dimensional material to ool its low frequency mechanical mode. Using a single macroscopic NEMS resonator will reduce the complexity in the cooling experiments. Also, strong coupling among the multiple modes in a single resonator will ease the requirement of ultra-low surrounding temperature.