Gate-tunable magnetism of C adatoms on graphene

We have performed density functional theory calculations of graphene decorated with carbon adatoms, which bind at the bridge site of a C–C bond. Earlier studies have shown that the C adatoms have magnetic moments and have suggested the possibility of ferromagnetism with high Curie temperature. Here we propose to use a gate voltage to fine tune the magnetic moments from zero to 1μ_B while changing the magnetic coupling from antiferromagnetism to ferromagnetism and again to antiferromagnetism. These results are rationalized within the Stoner and RKKY models. When the SCAN meta-GGA correction is used, the magnetic moments for zero gate voltage are reduced and the Stoner band ferromagnetism is slightly weakened in the ferromagnetic region.