A modified reference approach implemented in Python (MRAIP) to obtain CO₂ emissions in any region

There is a general consensus that good quality estimates of CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion are essential for the construction of inventories since they have direct link between fuel use and emission which is key to strategizing how to reduce these emissions. In the study here, we develop a modified reference approach implemented in Python (MRAIP) to obtain the CO₂ emissions in any location such as a country, region, state or town once its apparent consumptions can be determined. The simplicity of the MRAIP is that it can be used to estimate the amount of CO₂ that is emitted in n-litres of fuel combustion with limited additional effort and data requirements. Therefore, it can be used to obtain both small and large scale inventories even with QPython in Android smartphones. The MRAIP was demonstrated to obtain both states and national CO₂ emission inventories in Nigeria from 2000 to 2019. Further, we discuss simple ways to include other major CO₂ emitters which varies from one location to another such as coal/peat, natural gas, deforestation, cement, and even the minor petroleum products as well as bunker fuel which are not included in the MRAIP.