Structure Underlying Vortex Polarization Domains in Hexagonal ABO₃

Oxide ABO₃ systems, such as the hexagonal manganites, exhibit complex polarization domain structures. Possibly, a unique atomic structure hosts these intricate electric polarization patterns. We are examining the atomic-level structure utilizing electron and photon probes to determine how local structure and surface potential variations are connected to the observed polarization domains. Measurements with nanoscale x-ray beams are being used to ascertain the connection between the vortex patterns and the changes in the local atomic and electronic structure.