Mid-circuit Qubit Measurement and Qubit Reuse in a ¹⁷¹Yb Atomic Array

Measurement-based quantum error correction relies on the ability to determine the state of ancillae qubits within a processor without revealing or disturbing the state of data qubits. Among neutral-atom based platforms, a scalable, high-fidelity approach to mid-circuit measurement that retains the ancilla qubits in a state suitable for future operations has not yet been demonstrated. In this work, we measure the nuclear spin of target atoms in an array of optical tweezer-confined ¹⁷¹Yb atoms to demonstrate nondestructive, state-selective, and site-selective detection [1]. By applying site-specific light shifts, select atoms within the array can be hidden from imaging light, allowing a subset of qubits to be measured, while the hidden qubits experience only percent-level errors.

[1] arXiv:2305.19119 (PRX accepted)