Dynamic in-situ mitigation of time-varying noise in magic state factories

Future fault-tolerant quantum computers must maintain stability over long periods of time to carry out complex calculations. However, existing quantum devices exhibit high levels of instability, caused by phenomena including slow drift over time, two level system (TLS) defect resonances, and disruptive cosmic ray impacts. If unaddressed, these issues could dramatically limit the runtime of future quantum algorithms. Our key insight is that physical error rates can be monitored by observing auxiliary data produced by error correction circuits. We propose a series of dynamic mitigation strategies, focusing on magic state distillation protocols, which can continually stabilize the device while allowing the computation to continue uninterrupted.