Fault-tolerant logical state teleportation for neutral atom-based surface codes

Recent advances in noise channel engineering and high-fidelity entangling gates using neutral-atom qubits have led to their emergence as an attractive option for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC). In particular, the ¹⁷¹Yb atom can be engineered to experience as its dominant noise an error channel known as biased erasure. This noise model has higher error-correction thresholds than both biased Pauli noise and conventional unbiased erasures, which leads to relaxed hardware fidelity requirements for FTQC.

In this work, we investigate the teleportation fidelity of neutral atom-based surface codes states under biased-erasure noise. We analyze the performance of two methods of logical state teleportation: (1) A fault-tolerant transversal CNOT followed by measurement, and (2) lattice surgery-based projective stabilizer measurements. By tuning our noise model, we compare the logical error rates of these methods for a range of erasure fractions, i.e. the ratio of biased-erasure noise to conventional depolarizing noise. We additionally compare the space-time overhead of both approaches. Our work allows us to determine an optimal path to scalable FTQC with biased-erasure qubits.