Combining Etching with Laser Ablation to Form Hierarchical Structures in Silicon, Aluminum, and Titanium

POSTER

Abstract

Combining nanoscale with mesoscale features across macroscopic substrates can lead to functional materials. Self-limiting electrochemical etching is well known for making nanostructures.\footnote{K. W. Kolasinski, J. W. Gogola and W. B. Barclay, J. Phys. Chem. C \textbf{116}, 21472--21481 (2012).} Chemical etching is capable of making geometrically well-defined structures spanning from the nanoscale to the macroscale.\footnote{M. E. Dudley and K. W. Kolasinski, J. Electrochem. Soc. \textbf{155}, H164-H171 (2008).}$^,$\footnote{D. Mills and K. W. Kolasinski, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. \textbf{38}, 632-636 (2005).} Both require control over the initiation sites to make hierarchical structures with features ranging over several orders of magnitude. Laser ablation with a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser produces texture in the form of regular arrays of pillars (with a $\approx $period of several micrometers) or ripples (with a period $\approx $wavelength of light). These substrates are etched electrochemically or chemically to produce combinations of properties such as low reflectivity (black Si, black Ti, black Al) with quantum confinement induced visible photoluminescence; or membranes composed of micrometer sized pores, the walls of which contain high surface area nanoporous material. Methods and mechanisms of hierarchical structure formation will be discussed.

Authors

  • Abbie Ganas

    West Chester Univ

  • Eva Andrei

    National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Pennsylvania State Univ, Department of Physics, Temple University, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Physics, Boise State University, National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, York Univ, Erciyes Univ, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei, Pennsylvania State Univ and USTC, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, MIT, Harvard, Penn State University, Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania State University, Penn State, Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, USA, National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan, Carnegie Mellon University, IPICYT, Mexico, Shinshu University, Japan, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Tsinghua University, China, American Physical Society, Appalachian State University, West Chester Univ, Lehigh University, Drew University, University of Balearics Islands, Roanoke College, NIST, Tulane Univ, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Zhejiang Univ, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Pennsylvania State University, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Villanova University, West Virginia University, Institut Lumiere Matiere, PSU, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Towson Univ, CINVESTAV-Queretaro, Prince George Community College, Howard University, Towson University, The Pennsylvania State University, Hokkaido Univ, Cinvestav-Unidad Queretaro, Queretaro-76230, Mexico, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Osaka University, Penn State Univ, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, ILM Universit\'{e} Lyon 1, Moravian College, Bloomsburg Univ, Universit\"at Bielefeld, Syracuse University, Alabama A\&M University, Indiana University of PA, University of Denver, IUP, University of Nebraska, University of Science and Technology of China, Seoul National University, Soochow University China, US Army Research Laboratory, Drexel University, University of Stuttgart, Youngstown State University, University of Surrey, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Mathematics, West Virginia University, University of Delaware, Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Davey Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, McMaster University, University of Toronto, The University of Texas at Austin, Army Research Lab, Adelphi MD, University of Connecticut, Notre Dame, University of Maryland, Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Rutgers University

  • Kurt Kolasinski

    West Chester Univ