\textbf{Energetic Resolution of State Filling by Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy in Solar Energy Materials}

POSTER

Abstract

Single semiconductors rarely possess the balance of spectral coverage and carrier lifetimes necessary for efficient photovoltaics or photocatalysis. This imbalance is commonly overcome by doping or heterostructuring, but subsequent introduction of defect and interface states weaken performance while being difficult to detect. Herein, we show that the surface potential formed by the differing charge diffusion rates of excited electrons and holes can be detected by surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPV). SPV allows the excitation-energy dependent filling and lifetime of interface states, defect states, and band gap transitions to be separated, and is applied to characterize the improvement in electron and hole diffusion in a CdS@Au@TiO2 heterostructures while identifying losses from interface and defect states. The results show that Au can increase carrier transport between the two semiconductors while passivating surface states, improving the overall solar energy conversion efficiency.

Authors

  • Conner Castle

    West Virginia Univ

  • Scott Cushing

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Naval Research Laboratory, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Sciences, George Mason University, ASTRON, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,, Station de radioastronomie de Nancay, Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, West Virginia Univ, West Virginia University, Lehigh University, Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Minnesota, Pennsylvania State Univ, University of Maryland, Towson University, Department of Physics, Villanova University, University of Virginia, Boston University, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Harvard University, The Pennsylvania State Unversity, University of Wisconsin-Madison, McMaster University, California State University - Long Beach, National Chiao Tung University, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Ohio University, University of Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Rennes, France, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5804, Floirac, France, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5255, Talence, France, Sandia National laboratories, Livermore, CA, Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantwon, WV, The Pennsylvania State University, University of Toronto, Departamento de F\'isica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile, Cinvestav-Unidad Queretaro, Queretaro-76230, Mexico, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV-26505-6315, USA, The University of Arizona, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Naval Air Warfare Center - Aircraft Division

  • Scott Cushing

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Naval Research Laboratory, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Sciences, George Mason University, ASTRON, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,, Station de radioastronomie de Nancay, Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, West Virginia Univ, West Virginia University, Lehigh University, Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Minnesota, Pennsylvania State Univ, University of Maryland, Towson University, Department of Physics, Villanova University, University of Virginia, Boston University, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Harvard University, The Pennsylvania State Unversity, University of Wisconsin-Madison, McMaster University, California State University - Long Beach, National Chiao Tung University, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Ohio University, University of Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Rennes, France, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5804, Floirac, France, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5255, Talence, France, Sandia National laboratories, Livermore, CA, Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantwon, WV, The Pennsylvania State University, University of Toronto, Departamento de F\'isica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile, Cinvestav-Unidad Queretaro, Queretaro-76230, Mexico, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV-26505-6315, USA, The University of Arizona, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Naval Air Warfare Center - Aircraft Division

  • Scott Cushing

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Naval Research Laboratory, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Sciences, George Mason University, ASTRON, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,, Station de radioastronomie de Nancay, Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, West Virginia Univ, West Virginia University, Lehigh University, Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Minnesota, Pennsylvania State Univ, University of Maryland, Towson University, Department of Physics, Villanova University, University of Virginia, Boston University, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Harvard University, The Pennsylvania State Unversity, University of Wisconsin-Madison, McMaster University, California State University - Long Beach, National Chiao Tung University, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Ohio University, University of Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Rennes, France, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5804, Floirac, France, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5255, Talence, France, Sandia National laboratories, Livermore, CA, Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantwon, WV, The Pennsylvania State University, University of Toronto, Departamento de F\'isica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile, Cinvestav-Unidad Queretaro, Queretaro-76230, Mexico, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV-26505-6315, USA, The University of Arizona, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Naval Air Warfare Center - Aircraft Division

  • Scott Cushing

    National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Naval Research Laboratory, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Sciences, George Mason University, ASTRON, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,, Station de radioastronomie de Nancay, Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, West Virginia Univ, West Virginia University, Lehigh University, Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Minnesota, Pennsylvania State Univ, University of Maryland, Towson University, Department of Physics, Villanova University, University of Virginia, Boston University, Univ of Maryland-College Park, Harvard University, The Pennsylvania State Unversity, University of Wisconsin-Madison, McMaster University, California State University - Long Beach, National Chiao Tung University, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Ohio University, University of Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Rennes, France, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5804, Floirac, France, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5255, Talence, France, Sandia National laboratories, Livermore, CA, Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantwon, WV, The Pennsylvania State University, University of Toronto, Departamento de F\'isica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile, Cinvestav-Unidad Queretaro, Queretaro-76230, Mexico, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV-26505-6315, USA, The University of Arizona, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Naval Air Warfare Center - Aircraft Division