Characteristics of Waves in Plants

ORAL

Abstract

In my older literature I didn't recognize that plant frequencies are isotropic. I use the idea, however, in equating vertical and horizontal frequencies to get vertical to horizontal velocity ratios. In these calculations I use averages of reciprocals of representative samplings of vertical and horizontal internodal spacings A$_{v}$ and A$_{h}$. The resultant equation is v$_{v}$A$_{v}$=v$_{h}$A$_{h }$or v$_{v}$/v$_{h}$=A$_{h}$/A$_{v}$. These velocity ratios can also be obtained by direct measurement or by taking ratios of needles per unit length in some cases. These ratios are related to the shape of the plant due to gravity interaction, for example for p.pine 3/1 or for apple 4/3. The velocity increases with the plant part's angle to the horizontal. It is possible that waves in plants are related to sound like waves in WIMPS (if WIMPS are the actual particle) because of their very low velocities (larger than ionic velocities, near 5 m/s outside of plants, 1.25 m/s on sun's surface) both inside and outside of plants. Some object to my approach because they say the WIMP density could not be large enough on the earth's surface. My experiments seem to suggest otherwise. See 1999 Physics Essays 12:3-10 and my website home.budget.net/$\sim $oedphd.

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Authors

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary