Lifetimes of states in 19Ne above the 15O + alpha threshold

ORAL

Abstract

The 15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne reaction plays a role in the ignition of Type I x-ray bursts on accreting neutron stars. The lifetimes of states in 19Ne above the 15O + alpha threshold of 3.53 MeV are important inputs to calculations of the astrophysical reaction rate. These levels in 19Ne were populated in the 3He(20Ne,alpha)19Ne reaction at a 20Ne beam energy of 34 MeV. The lifetimes of six states above the threshold were measured with the Doppler shift attenuation method (DSAM). The measurement, methods of analysis and implications of the results will be discussed.

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Authors

  • Mythili Subramanian

    TRIUMF

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary

  • Ernest Henley

    Green River College, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, BYU-Idaho Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Applied Physics Technologies, Inc., Montana State University, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Southern Oregon University, Oregon State University Department of Physics, Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Physics Department, Oregon State University, University of Idaho, University of Wyoming, Department of Physics, Montana State University, University of Portland, Idaho State University, WWU, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oregon Center for Optics and Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Lewis and Clark, Queen's University, University of Notre Dame, Idaho National Lab, TRIUMF, RCNP, Japan, University of Guelph, Mexico University, St. Mary's University, University of Montreal, Deep River, Dept. of Physics; Montana State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences and Pathology, Dept. of Chem. and Biochem.; Montana State University, Department of Physics, Shandong University, P. R. China, Department of Physics, University of Idaho, USA, Dept. of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada, University of Calgary