The Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Platinum Group Metals in Developing Chick Embryos

ORAL

Abstract

Recent studies showed that platinum group metals (PGMs) such as Pt, Pd, and Rh from automobile catalytic converters, can accumulate in the soft tissues of a variety of living organisms. However, the effects of PGMs on bone and organs development of animals are not clearly understood. To examine these aspects, developing chick embryos were injected with 0.1, 1.0, 5, or 10 ppm solutions of Pt, Rh, Pd, or with a PGMs mixture. 1) Pathological Changes: were observed for all PGM treatments above 1 ppm. Bone Cells Assesment: Chondrocyte cells in thibiotarsus showed decreased diameter and length. 2) PGMs Accumulation in Tissues: was quantified by GFAAS spectrometry on finely ground tissue powder. 3) Bone Demineralization: was detected by micro-Raman spectroscopy imaging on paraffin embedded bone sections. 4) DNA Damage in Cells: was determined by using a Comet assay and fluorescence spectroscopy. Oxidative Damage in Tissues: was analyzed using a glutathione peroxidase assay. The overall results indicated that PGMs presence in our environment raises concerns about their long-term health effects on all organisms.

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Authors

  • Ioana Pavel

    Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA

  • Jennifer Monahan

    Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA

  • Marjorie Markopoulos

    Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA

  • Zofia Gagnon

    Department of Environmental Science and Policy, School of Science, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601, USA

  • Doug Petkie

    AFRL/RX, AFRL/RX, Systran Systems Inc, UCSD, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Ohio Northern University, BFS, Germany, Florida State University, Monmouth College, Ohio Wesleyan University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Physics Department, John Carroll University, Department of Chemistry, Knight Chemical Laboratories, The University of Akron, Australian National University, Miami University, Oxford, OH, University of Cincinnati, University of Findlay, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, Cleveland State University, Health Sciences Dept, Cleveland State University, Physics Dept, Cleveland State University, Bucknell University, Wright State University, Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Wright State University, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Department of Mechanical Engineer, Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB and UES, Inc., Department of Environmental Science and Policy, School of Science, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601, USA, AFRL/711 HPW, EPA Sustainable Technology Division, University of Akron, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Harvard University, LSU, Ohio University, Wittenberg University, Student

  • Doug Petkie

    AFRL/RX, AFRL/RX, Systran Systems Inc, UCSD, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Ohio Northern University, BFS, Germany, Florida State University, Monmouth College, Ohio Wesleyan University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Physics Department, John Carroll University, Department of Chemistry, Knight Chemical Laboratories, The University of Akron, Australian National University, Miami University, Oxford, OH, University of Cincinnati, University of Findlay, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, Cleveland State University, Health Sciences Dept, Cleveland State University, Physics Dept, Cleveland State University, Bucknell University, Wright State University, Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Wright State University, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Department of Mechanical Engineer, Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB and UES, Inc., Department of Environmental Science and Policy, School of Science, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601, USA, AFRL/711 HPW, EPA Sustainable Technology Division, University of Akron, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Harvard University, LSU, Ohio University, Wittenberg University, Student

  • Doug Petkie

    AFRL/RX, AFRL/RX, Systran Systems Inc, UCSD, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Ohio Northern University, BFS, Germany, Florida State University, Monmouth College, Ohio Wesleyan University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Physics Department, John Carroll University, Department of Chemistry, Knight Chemical Laboratories, The University of Akron, Australian National University, Miami University, Oxford, OH, University of Cincinnati, University of Findlay, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, Cleveland State University, Health Sciences Dept, Cleveland State University, Physics Dept, Cleveland State University, Bucknell University, Wright State University, Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Wright State University, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Department of Mechanical Engineer, Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB and UES, Inc., Department of Environmental Science and Policy, School of Science, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601, USA, AFRL/711 HPW, EPA Sustainable Technology Division, University of Akron, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Harvard University, LSU, Ohio University, Wittenberg University, Student