Forelimbs of theropod dinosaurs on the basis of humeral bone strength.

POSTER

Abstract

The humeral section modulus is evaluated for members of Ceratosauria, Carnosauria, Tyrannosauroidea, Compsognathidae, Ornithomimosauria, Therizinosauria, Oviraptorosauria, Avialae, Troodontidae, and Dromaeosauridae to determine the strength of their forelinbs. The effects of scaling are evident. The strength of humeri shorter than 20 cm show no dependence on taxon. In contrast, the strength of humeri longer than 20 cm do show a dependence on taxon. Ceratosaurs, carnosaur, tyrannosaurs, and therizinosaurs have very strong humeri. Ornithomimosaurs are observed to have humeri that are weaker than the humeri of ceratosaurs, carnosaurs, and tyrannosaurs. The humeri of the herbivorous therizinosaurs are observed to have the same strength as the humeri of ceratosaurs, carnosaurs, and tyrannosaurs.

Authors

  • Scott Lee

    University of Toledo

  • Mikhail Zamkov

    University of Notre Dame, University of Toledo, Case Western Reserve University, John Carroll University, Bowling Green State Univ, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Ohio University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Wuhan University, Southeast University, Physics and Astronomy and Center for Photochemical Science, Bowling Green State University, Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Air Force Research Laboratory, Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Purdue University, Student/Supervisor, Student, None, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Clemson University, Michigan State University, Bowling Green State University, Physics Dep, Cleveland State University, Physical Therapy Program, Central Michigan State University

  • Mikhail Zamkov

    University of Notre Dame, University of Toledo, Case Western Reserve University, John Carroll University, Bowling Green State Univ, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Ohio University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Wuhan University, Southeast University, Physics and Astronomy and Center for Photochemical Science, Bowling Green State University, Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Air Force Research Laboratory, Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Purdue University, Student/Supervisor, Student, None, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Clemson University, Michigan State University, Bowling Green State University, Physics Dep, Cleveland State University, Physical Therapy Program, Central Michigan State University

  • Mikhail Zamkov

    University of Notre Dame, University of Toledo, Case Western Reserve University, John Carroll University, Bowling Green State Univ, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Ohio University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Wuhan University, Southeast University, Physics and Astronomy and Center for Photochemical Science, Bowling Green State University, Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Air Force Research Laboratory, Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Purdue University, Student/Supervisor, Student, None, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Clemson University, Michigan State University, Bowling Green State University, Physics Dep, Cleveland State University, Physical Therapy Program, Central Michigan State University

  • Mikhail Zamkov

    University of Notre Dame, University of Toledo, Case Western Reserve University, John Carroll University, Bowling Green State Univ, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Ohio University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Wuhan University, Southeast University, Physics and Astronomy and Center for Photochemical Science, Bowling Green State University, Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Air Force Research Laboratory, Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Purdue University, Student/Supervisor, Student, None, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Clemson University, Michigan State University, Bowling Green State University, Physics Dep, Cleveland State University, Physical Therapy Program, Central Michigan State University

  • Mikhail Zamkov

    University of Notre Dame, University of Toledo, Case Western Reserve University, John Carroll University, Bowling Green State Univ, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Ohio University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Wuhan University, Southeast University, Physics and Astronomy and Center for Photochemical Science, Bowling Green State University, Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Air Force Research Laboratory, Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Purdue University, Student/Supervisor, Student, None, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Clemson University, Michigan State University, Bowling Green State University, Physics Dep, Cleveland State University, Physical Therapy Program, Central Michigan State University