Third harmonic generation in graphene

ORAL

Abstract

Third-harmonic generation (THG) is a third-order nonlinear optical process. In this process, the electric field of incident light generates a third-order polarization at triple frequency in matter, in addition to the linear and second-order polarizations. Radiation of this polarization gives rise to light at third-harmonic frequency. Here we report the first experimental observations of THG in graphene and few layer graphite. The samples were fabricated by mechanically exfoliating graphene flakes from a bulk graphite crystal with adhesive tapes. The flakes were deposited on Si/SiO$_2$ substrates. The thickness of the flakes was determined by using their optical contrasts and atomic force microscopy measurements. These flakes were irradiate by femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses. The third harmonic generated in these flakes was detected by using a spectrometer. We verified that the wavelength of the emitted light is one third of the incident light, and its intensity increases with the incident light intensity to the third power. We also studied the dependence on the third harmonic generation on the thickness of the flakes.

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Authors

  • Nardeep Kumar

    University of Kansas

  • Jatinder Kumar

    Harvard U., Baker University, Bejing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northrop Grumman, Baltimore, MD, University of Kansas Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, College of Materials Science \& Engineering, Sichuan University, China, Illinois State University, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College of London, Holmbury St. Mary, United Kingdom, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Monmouth College, Missouri State University, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Ames Laboratory. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Siena College, \'Ecole Polytechnique F\'ed\'erale de Lausanne, Switzerland, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kansas State University, Purdue University, Princeton University, Oklahoma State University, University of Chicago, University of Iowa, University of Kansas, University of Kansas and University of Iowa

  • Jatinder Kumar

    Harvard U., Baker University, Bejing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northrop Grumman, Baltimore, MD, University of Kansas Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, College of Materials Science \& Engineering, Sichuan University, China, Illinois State University, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College of London, Holmbury St. Mary, United Kingdom, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Monmouth College, Missouri State University, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Ames Laboratory. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Siena College, \'Ecole Polytechnique F\'ed\'erale de Lausanne, Switzerland, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kansas State University, Purdue University, Princeton University, Oklahoma State University, University of Chicago, University of Iowa, University of Kansas, University of Kansas and University of Iowa

  • Jatinder Kumar

    Harvard U., Baker University, Bejing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northrop Grumman, Baltimore, MD, University of Kansas Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, College of Materials Science \& Engineering, Sichuan University, China, Illinois State University, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College of London, Holmbury St. Mary, United Kingdom, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Monmouth College, Missouri State University, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Ames Laboratory. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Siena College, \'Ecole Polytechnique F\'ed\'erale de Lausanne, Switzerland, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kansas State University, Purdue University, Princeton University, Oklahoma State University, University of Chicago, University of Iowa, University of Kansas, University of Kansas and University of Iowa

  • Jatinder Kumar

    Harvard U., Baker University, Bejing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northrop Grumman, Baltimore, MD, University of Kansas Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, College of Materials Science \& Engineering, Sichuan University, China, Illinois State University, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College of London, Holmbury St. Mary, United Kingdom, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Monmouth College, Missouri State University, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Ames Laboratory. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Siena College, \'Ecole Polytechnique F\'ed\'erale de Lausanne, Switzerland, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kansas State University, Purdue University, Princeton University, Oklahoma State University, University of Chicago, University of Iowa, University of Kansas, University of Kansas and University of Iowa

  • Jatinder Kumar

    Harvard U., Baker University, Bejing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northrop Grumman, Baltimore, MD, University of Kansas Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, College of Materials Science \& Engineering, Sichuan University, China, Illinois State University, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College of London, Holmbury St. Mary, United Kingdom, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, Monmouth College, Missouri State University, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Ames Laboratory. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Siena College, \'Ecole Polytechnique F\'ed\'erale de Lausanne, Switzerland, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kansas State University, Purdue University, Princeton University, Oklahoma State University, University of Chicago, University of Iowa, University of Kansas, University of Kansas and University of Iowa

  • Hui Zhao

    University of Kansas